everything; and is therefore called in our law-french feme-covert." 1 Blackstone Com. 442.

Note. The same writer states that by the old law the husband might give his wife moderate correction. As a common scold, the law came to his assistance or that of his neighbors, and when duly tried and convicted of the offence she was sentenced to the punishment of the cucking-stool, corrupted into the ducking-stool, because when placed therein she was plunged in the water for punishment. "By the

common law, all women were denied the benefit of clergy; and till the 3 and 4 W. & M., c. 9., they received sentence of death, and might have been executed, for the first offence in simple larceny, bigamy, manslaughter, etc., however learned they were, merely because their sex precluded the possibility of their taking holy orders; though a man who could read was for the same crime subject only to burning in the hand and a few months' imprisonment." T. ELLIOTT PATTERSON.

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.-A measure providing for the much needed relief of the Supreme Court has at length been matured by the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives. Speaking broadly, the bill aims to relieve the Supreme Court by vesting in the District Courts the present jurisdiction of the Circuit Courts, and constituting the latter courts of appeal whose determination will be final in a large number of cases which now go the Supreme Court. In addition to reviewing cases coming up from the District Courts, the Circuit Courts are also given appellate jurisdiction over judgments of the Supreme Courts of the territories. Appeals are not allowed to the Supreme Court from judgments of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, except in cases where the United States, or an officer thereof, acting in his official capacity is a party, or when the adjudication involves the construction of a treaty or law of the United States.

The findings of the Circuit Courts on all questions of fact are made final, and their judgments are made conclusive in all cases in which jurisdiction is acquired by the District Courts by citizenship of the parties only, and in which no question arises under the Constitution, laws or treaties of the United States, unless the Circuit Court or two judges thereof certify that the question involved is one of such novelty, difficulty or importance as to require a decision by the Supreme Court. Provision is made for the removal from the Supreme Court to the Circuit Courts of cases of which the latter have final and exclusive jurisdiction. Each Circuit Court is to be composed of the present Circuit Judge and two others, to be appointed by the President.-Bradstreets.

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