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<html><body><h1>The Empirical Stance</h1><hr noshade size="1">By Bas C. van Fraassen</hr><h4>Yale University Press</h4> Copyright &copy; 2002 Yale University All right reserved. ISBN: 978-0-300-08874-8 <hr noshade size='1'></hr><h3>Contents</h3><pre>Preface.....................................................................................................xiiiIntroduction................................................................................................xviiLecture 1. Against Analytic Metaphysics.....................................................................11. Living with a Dead Metaphysics...........................................................................22. Ontology Reborn..........................................................................................43. Does the World Exist?....................................................................................54. A Spectrum of Theories...................................................................................65. Scientific Steps Beyond Science?.........................................................................116. The Form of Success, and Its Failure.....................................................................187. A Dilemma for the Conscientious..........................................................................258. A World Well Lost........................................................................................27Lecture 2. What Is Empiricism and What Could It Be?.........................................................31ONE. IN SEARCH OF A TRADITION...............................................................................311. Sketch of the Tradition as Usually Understood............................................................312. History of the Word "Empiricism".........................................................................323. Codification by the Historians: The Defining Criterion...................................................344. Immediate Inadequacy of the Criterion....................................................................355. Sketch of the Tradition Continued: The Recurrent Rebellion...............................................36TWO. CRITIQUE: WHAT EMPIRICISM CANNOT BE....................................................................386. The Period of Empiricist Critique of Empiricism..........................................................387. Foundationalist Epistemology: Doomed to Vicious Circle or Infinite Regress?..............................398. Reaching Deeper: Why Stonewalling Can't Work.............................................................40THREE. WHAT EMPIRICISM COULD BE: PHILOSOPHICAL STANCES......................................................469. The Recurrent Rebellion Re-examined: What Separates Empiricists from Metaphysicians?.....................4710. How to Violate Principle Zero: The Stance...............................................................4711. The Stance as Will and Idea.............................................................................48FOUR. EXAMPLE OF A STANCE MISUNDERSTOOD: MATERIALISM........................................................4912. Is This a Factual Claim?................................................................................5013. What Is Matter?.........................................................................................5014. Two Moves for Materialists..............................................................................5315. Materialism as False Consciousness......................................................................5716. Materialism Without False Consciousness?................................................................60FIVE. WHAT COULD PHILOSOPHY BE, THEN?.......................................................................61Lecture 3. Scientific Revolution/Conversion as a Philosophical Problem......................................64ONE. THE PROBLEM: OUR REJECTED/CELEBRATED PAST..............................................................651. Epistemic Trauma, Revolution, Conversion.................................................................672. The Problem of Radical Conversion as a Criterion of Adequacy.............................................72TWO. FRAMEWORKS FOR SOLUTION................................................................................743. Two Forms of Epistemology................................................................................744. "Objectifying" Epistemology..............................................................................775. Voluntarism in Epistemology..............................................................................816. The Problem of Revolutionary Changes in View: Not Yet Solved.............................................90THREE. THE IMPASSE: ENTER EMOTION...........................................................................927. In Transit Perilous: Conditions for Revolution...........................................................938. Pascal's Wager and Its Limits............................................................................949. Scientific Revolution/Conversion as a Decision Problem...................................................10110. Sartre and Pascal: Breaking the Decision Paradigm.......................................................10311. No Exit?................................................................................................108Lecture 4. Experience: (Epistemic) Life Without Foundations.................................................111ONE. AFTER THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL IMPASSE: INTERPRETING THE PAST...............................................1121. Ambiguity: Our Deconstructible Language..................................................................1132. Criteria for Royal Succession in Science.................................................................115TWO. EXPERIENCE: EMPIRICIST FUNDAMENTALISM AND THE OPEN FUTURE..............................................1173. Feyerabend's Critique of Classical Empiricism............................................................1194. The Argument Hoist on Its Own Petard?....................................................................1255. Experience: Undermining the Analogy......................................................................1316. Fallibility: The Problem of Epistemic Frailty and Sin....................................................137THREE. TOLERATING AMBIGUITY: THE INEXHAUSTIBLE, UNFATHOMABLE HISTORICAL SELF................................1397. The Uses of an Unfollowable Rule.........................................................................1408. An Example: Bohm Versus the Copenhagen School............................................................1439. Ambiguity and Vagueness: Our Redeeming Weaknesses........................................................145Lecture 5. What Is Science-and What Is It to Be Secular?....................................................153ONE. WHAT IS SCIENCE?.......................................................................................1551. The Senses of "Science"..................................................................................1552. Objectification as Characteristic of Science.............................................................1563. Objectifying Inquiry: Pre-demarcation....................................................................1604. Objectification: Science in the Widest Sense?............................................................164TWO. SO WHAT IS IT TO BE SECULAR?...........................................................................1745. The Objectifying Attitude................................................................................1746. Secularization of the World Picture......................................................................1767. Existential Response.....................................................................................1798. Persons; Encounter with the Divine.......................................................................1899. Stranger in a Strange Land...............................................................................194Appendix A. Scientific Cosmology............................................................................197Appendix B. A History of the Name "Empiricism"..............................................................2011. Not a Simple Historical Question.........................................................................2012. Early Modern Use: Scientific Methodologies...............................................................2023. Kant: Classifying Philosophical Currents.................................................................2034. Mill: An Alternative Classification of Philosophies......................................................2075. Emergence of the Textbook Classification.................................................................2096. William James: "Radical Empiricism"......................................................................2137. Critique: The Diculties About Experience (Husserl, Dewey)................................................2178. Reichenbach's View of the History of Empiricism..........................................................220Appendix C. Bultmann's Theology Is Not a Philosophy.........................................................226Notes.......................................................................................................231Bibliography................................................................................................261Index.......................................................................................................275</pre> </pre><blockquote><hr noshade size='1'>Excerpted from The Empirical Stanceby Bas C. van Fraassen Copyright &copy 2002 by Yale University. Excerpted by permission. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher. Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.<hr noshade size='1'></blockquote></body></html>

"What is empiricism and what could it be? Bas C. van Fraassen, one of the world's foremost contributors to philosophical logic and the philosophy of science, here undertakes a fresh consideration of these questions and offers a program for renewal of the empiricist tradition. The empiricist tradition is not and could not be defined by common doctrines but embodies a certain stance in philosophy, van Fraassen says. This stance is displayed first of all in a searing recurrent critique of metaphysics, and second in a focus on experience that requires a voluntarist view of belief and opinion."--Jacket

The empirical stance