1. Voulez-vous donner ce livre à mon frère? 2. Je puis le lui prêter, mais je ne puis le lui donner. 3. Voulez-vous nous les envoyer? 4. La marchande de modes peut vous les envoyer. 5. Les lui montrez-vous? 6. Je les vois, et je les lui montre. 7. Avez-vous peur de nous les prêter? 8. Je n'ai pas peur de vous les prêter. 9. Ne pouvez-vous nous envoyer du poisson? 10. Je ne puis vous en envoyer, je n'en ai guère. 11. Voulez-vous leur en parler? 12. Je veux leur en parler, si je ne l'oublie pas. 13. Venez-vous souvent les voir? 14. Je viens les voir tous les matins, et tous les soirs. 15. Ne leur parlez-vous point de votre voyage en Pologne? 16. Je leur en parle, mais ils ne veulent pas me croire. 17. Est-ce que je vois mes connaissances, le lundi? 18. Vous les voyez tous les jours de la semaine. 19. Vous envoient-elles plus d'argent que le commis de notre marchand? 20. Elles m'en envoient plus que lui. 21. En envoyez-vous au libraire? 22. Je lui en envoie quand je lui en dois. 23. N'avez-vous pas tort de lui en envoyer? 24. Je ne puis avoir tort de payer mes dettes. 25. Ils vous en donnent, et ils vous en prêtent quand vous en avez besoin. EXERCISE 54. 1. Will you send us that letter? 2. I will send it to you, if you will read it. 3. I will read it if (si) I can. 4. Can you lend me your pen? 5. I can lend it to you, if you will take care of it. [L. 22, (3.)] 6. May I speak to your father? 7. You may speak to him, he is here. 8. Are you afraid of forgetting it? [L. 21, (4.)] 9. I am not afraid of forgetting it. 10. Will you send them to him? 11. I intend to send them to him, if I have time. 12. Do you speak to him of your journey? 13. I speak to him of my journey. 14. I speak to them of it. 15. Can you communicate it to him? 16. I have a wish to communicate it to him. 17. Do you see your acquaintances every Monday? 18. I see them every Monday, and every Thursday. 19. Where do you intend to see them? 20. I intend to see them at your brother's, and at your sister's. 21. Can you send him there every day? 22. I can send him there every Sunday, if he wishes (s'il le veut). 23. Can you give them to me? 24. I can give them to you. 25. Who will lend them books? 26. No one will lend them any. 27. Your bookseller is willing to sell them good books and good paper. 28. Is he at home? 29. He is at his brother's. 30. Are you wrong to pay your debts? to pay them. 32. Will you send it to us? 33. I am willing to send it to you, if you want it. 34. Are you willing to give them to us? 35. We are willing to give them to your acquaintances. 31. I am right LEÇON XXIX. LESSON XXIX. USE OF THE ARTICLE. (§ 77.) 1. The article le, la, les, as already stated, is used in French before nouns taken in a general sense. Les jardins sont les ornements des villages et des campagnes. Gardens are the ornaments of villages and of rural districts. 2. The article is also used in French, as in English, before nouns taken in a particular sense. Les jardins de ce village sont superbes. The gardens of this village are superb. 3. It is also used before abstract nouns, before verbs, and adjectives used substantively. La paresse est odieuse. La jeunesse n'est pas toujours docile. Le boire et le manger sont nécessaires à la vie. Idleness is odious. Youth is not always tractable. Eating and drinking are necessary to life. 4. The article is used before the names of countries, provinces, rivers, winds, and mountains. [§ 77, (3.) (4.)] La France est plus grande que l'Italie. France is larger than Italy. Normandy is very fertile. 5. The article is used before titles. Le général Cavaignac. Le maréchal Ney. General Cavaignac. 6. In respectful address or discourse, the words, monsieur, madame, mademoiselle are placed before titles and designations of relationship. Monsieur le président. Madame la comtesse. Mademoiselle votre sœur. (Mr.) President. (Miss) your sister. 7. The plural of monsieur, madame, and mademoiselle, is messieurs, mesdames, and mesdemoiselles. 8. The student should be careful to distinguish a noun taken in a general or in a particular sense, from one taken in a partitive sense [§ 78.] 1. Aimez-vous le pain ou la viande? 2. J'aime le pain, la viande, et le fruit. 3. Avons-nous des pêches dans notre jardin ? 4. Nous y avons des pêches, des fraises, des framboises, et des cerises. 5. Monsieur votre frère aime-t-il les cerises? 6. Il n'aime guère les cerises, il préfere les prunes. 7. Avez-vous des légumes? 8. Je n'aime point les légumes. 9. Nous n'avons ni légumes ni fruits. [L. 8, 3. 4.] 10. Nous n'aimons ni les légumes ni les fruits. 11. Allez-vous tous les jours dans le bois de monsieur votre frère? 12. Je n'y vais pas tous les jours. 13. Votre sœur apporte-t-elle les fleurs? 14. Elle les apporte. 15. Madame votre mère apporte-t-elle des fleurs? 16. Elle en apporte tous les lundis. 17. Voyez-vous le général Bertrand? 18. Je ne le vois pas, je vois le caporal Duchêne. 19. Mesdemoiselles vos sœurs sont-elles fatiguées? 20. Mes sœurs sont fatiguées d'étudier. 21. Monsieur le président est-il chez lui? 22. Non, monsieur; il est chez monsieur le colonel Dumont. 23. Demeure-t-il loin d'ici? 24. Il ne demeure pas loin d'ici. 25. Où demeure-t-il ? 26. Il demeure chez monsieur le capitaine Lebrun. EXERCISE 56. 1. Does your sister like flowers? 2. My sister likes flowers, and my brother is fond of books. 3. Is he wrong to like books? 4. No, sir; he is right to like books and flowers. 5. Have you many flowers in your gardens? 6. We have many flowers and much fruit. 7. Is your cousin fond of raspberries? 8. My cousin is fond of raspberries and' strawberries. 9. Is the captain fond of praises? 10. He is not fond of praises. 11. Has the gardener brought you vegetables? 12. He has brought me vegetables and fruit.' 13. Is he ashamed to oring you vegetables? 14. He is neither ashamed nor afraid to sell vegetables. 15. Is your mother tired? 16. My mother is not tired. 17. Is your brother at Colonel D's? 18. He lives at Colonel D's, but he is not at home at present (à présent). 19. How many peaches have you? 20. I have not many peaches, but I have many plums. 21. Does Captain B. like peaches? 22. He likes peaches,' plums, raspberries, and strawberries. 23. Are you going into (dans) your brother's wood? 24. I go there every morning. 25. Is General L. here? 26. No, sir; he is not here, he is at your cousin's. 27. Does your friend, General H., live far from here? 28. He does not live far from here, he lives at his brother's. 29. Have you fine flowers in your garden? 30. We have very fine flowers; we are fond of flowers. 31. Do you give them to him? 32. I give them to you. 33. I give you some. 34. I give them some. 35. Give us some. 36. Do not give us any. 1 The student must not forget that the article is repeated before every noun. LEÇON XXX. LESSON XXX. USE OF THE ARTICLE, CONTINUED. 1. Adjectives of nation will, according to Rule 3 of the last lesson, be preceded by the article. [§ 145.] Il apprend le français, l'anglais, He learns French, English, German, l'allemand, et l'italien. and Italian. 2. After the verb parler, the article may be omitted before an adjective of nation, taken substantively. Votre frère parle espagnol et portu- Your brother speaks Spanish and gais. Portuguese. 3. The article is not used, in French, before the number which follows the name of a sovereign. The number, (unless it be first and second) must be the cardinal, and not the ordinal. [§ 26, (3.)] Vous avez l'histoire de Henri quatre. You have the history of Henry the 4. A word placed in apposition with a noun or pronoun is not in French preceded by un, une, a or an, unless it be qualified by an adjective, or determined by the following part of the sentence. Votre ami est médecin. Votre ami est un bon médecin. Your friend is a physician. 5. PRESENT OF THE INDICATIVE OF THE IRREGULAR VERBS, 6. Connaître means to be acquainted with; savoir, to know, is said only of things. Connaissez-vous ce Français, cet Anglais, cet Allemand, et cet Do you know that Frenchman, that Englishman, that German, and that Spaniard? Do you know French, English, German, and Spanish? |
