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1. Cette dame est-elle contente? 2. Non, monsieur; cette dame n'est pas contente. 3. Votre fille est-elle vive? 4. Mon fils est très vif, et ma fille est paresseuse. 5. N'a-t-elle pas tort? 6. Elle n'a pas raison. 7. Votre cousine est-elle heureuse? 8. Oui, madame; elle est bonne, belle et heureuse. 9. A-t-elle des amis? 10. Oui, monsieur; elle a des parents et des amis. 11. A-t-elle une robe neuve et de vieux souliers? 12. Elle a de vieux souliers et une vieille robe. 13. Votre frère n'a-t-il pas un bel habit [R. 6.]? 14. Il a un bel habit et une bonne cravate. 15. Avez-vous de bonne viande, monsieur? 16. J'ai de la viande excellente. 17. Cette viande-ci est-elle meilleure que celle-là? 18. Celle-ci est meilleure que celle-là. 19. Votre ami a-t-il le bel encrier de porcelaine? 20. Son encrier est beau, mais il n'est pas de porcelaine. 21. Quelqu'un a-t-il faim? 22. Personne n'a faim. 23. Les généraux sont-ils ici? 24. Les généraux et les maréchaux sont ici. 25. J'ai vos parasols et vos parapluies, et ceux de vos enfants.

EXERCISE 24.

1. Is your little sister pleased? 2. Yes, madam; she is pleased. 3. Is that little girl handsome? 4. That little girl is not handsome, but she is good. 5. Have you good cloth and good silk? 6. My cloth and1 silk are here. 7. Is your sister happy? 8. My sister is good and happy. 9. Has that physician's sister friends? 10. No, madam; she has no friends. 11. Is your meat good? 12. My meat is good, but my cheese is better. 13. Has the bookseller a handsome china inkstand? 14. He has a fine silver inkstand and a pair of leather shoes, 15. Ilave you my silk parasols? 16. I have your cotton umbrellas. 17. Is your brother's coat handsome? 18. My brother has a handsome coat and an old silk cravat. 19. Have you relations and friends? 20. I have no relations, but I have friends. 21. Is that handsome lady wrong? 22. That handsome lady is not wrong. 23. Have you handsome china? 24. Our china is handsome and good. 25. It is better than yours. 26. Is not that little girl hungry? 27. That handsome little girl is neither hungry nor thirsty. 28. What is the matter with her? 29. She has neither relations nor friends. 30. Is this gold watch good? 31. This one is good, but that one is better. 32. Have you it? 33. I have it, but I have not your sister's. 34. I have neither yours nor mine, I have your mother's.

1 The article, the possessive and the demonstrative adjective, and the prepositions à and de are repeated before every noun.

Mon frère et ma sœur,
À votre frère et au mien,
De nos livres et des vôtres,

My brother and sister;
To your brother and (to) mine;
Of our books and (of) yours.

LEÇON XIV.

LESSON XIV.

AGREEMENT OF ADJECTIVES.-PLURAL OF ADJECTIVES.

1. An adjective qualifying a plural noun, or two or more singular nouns of the same gender, assumes the gender of the noun or nouns and is put in the plural. [§ 18.] Les arbres et les fruits sont beaux. Les fleurs et les plantes sont belles. Vos jardins sont très beaux.

The trees and fruits are fine.

The flowers and plants are fine.
Your gardens are very fine.

2. An adjective qualifying two or more nouns of different genders, is put in the plural masculine.

Mon frère et ma sœur sont contents
Le canif et la plume sont bons.

My brother and sister are pleased.
The penknife and pen are good.

3. The plural of the feminine of adjectives is invariably formed by

the addition of an s.

Vous avez de jolies maisons.

Ces demoiselles sont attentives.

You have pretty houses.

Those young ladies are attentive.

4. The plural of the masculine of adjectives is generally formed by

the addition of an s.

Ces écoliers sont attentifs.

Vos bois sont magnifiques.

Those scholars are attentive.
Your woods are magnificent.

5. The terminations s and x are not changed for the plural mascu

line.

Nos fruits sont mauvais.

Vos oiseaux sont hideux.

Our fruits are bad.
Your birds are hideous.

6. To the termination eau, x is added for the plural masculine.

Vos champs sont très beaux.

Your fields are very fine.

7. The termination al is generally changed into aux for the plural masculine [ 17 (3.), Third Exception].

Les hommes sont égaux.

Men are equal.

8. For more explicit rules and for exceptions, see § 17, Second Part

9. PRESENT OF THE INDICATIVE OF ÊTRE, TO BE.

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2. Ses chevaux ne

1. Les chevaux de notre ami sont-ils rétifs? sont pas rétifs, mais ses mules sont très rétives. 3. Les chevaux et les mules de votre frère sont excellents. 4. Vos sœurs sont-elles très vives? 5. Mes frères et mes sœurs sont très vifs. 6. Sont-ils souvent oisifs? 7. Non, monsieur; mes sœurs ne sont jamais oisives. 8. Avez-vous peur de votre frère? 9. Non, monsieur; je n'ai peur de personne. 10. Ne sommes-nous pas indulgents? 11. Vous êtes indulgents, et vous avez raison. 12. Ai-je vos livres? 13. Vous ne les avez pas, vous avez ceux de mon frère aîné. 14. Ne les avezvous pas ? 15. Je ne les ai pas. 16. Avez-vous une bonne paire de bas de laine? 17. J'ai une belle paire de bas de soie. 18. Avez-vous les bonnes maisons ou les mauvaises? 19. Je n'ai ni les bonnes ni

les mauvaises, j'ai celles de ma cousine. 20. Le travail est-il agréable? 21. Le travail est utile et agréable. 22. Avez-vous mes beaux souliers de maroquin? 23. Je n'ai pas vos beaux souliers de maroquin, j'ai vos belles pantoufles de velours. 24. Avez-vous les pantoufles de votre sœur, ou les miennes? 25. Je n'ai ni les vôtres ni celles de votre sœur, j'ai celles de l'Allemande.

EXERCISE 26.

1. Are your brothers and sisters very (bien) quick? (Note, p. 54.) 2. My brothers are quick, but my sisters are not quick. 3. Have you

not two restive horses ? 4. No, but I have a restive mule. 5. Have you not two good pairs of silk gloves? 6. I have a good pair of cotton gloves, and two pairs of silk gloves. 7. Are you not afraid of your friends? 8. No, sir; I am never afraid of my friends. 9. 1 am afraid of nobody. 10. Are you right or wrong? 11. I am right. 12. Have you my beautiful leather slippers, or my oid satin slippers? 13. I have your old leather shoes and your velvet slippers. 14. Are those ladies pleased? 15. Those ladies are pleased, and they are right. 16. Has the German lady your father's shoes or mine? 17. She has neither his nor yours, she has my sister's. 18. Has your elder brother good houses? 19. His houses are better than yours and than mine. 20. Are his houses old? 21. His houses are old, but they are good. 22. Have you them? 33. No, sir; I have them not, I have no houses. 24. Have you my brother's or my sister's? 25. Your sister has hers and my mother's. 26. Are your scholars attentive? 27. My scholars are very attentive and very studious. 28. Are those German ladies studious? 29. They are very studious and very attentive. 30. Are you often wrong? 31. Yes, sir; I am often wrong. 32. Is labor agreeable? 33. Yes, sir; labor is agreeable and useful. 34. We have them, and you have them not.

LEÇON XV.

LESSON XV.

PLACE OF ADJECTIVES.-RELATIVE PRONOUN EN.

1. The adjective, in French, follows the noun much more frequently than it precedes it. [ 85, (1.)]

Vous avez des amis fidèles.
Ma sœur a des livres instructifs.

You have faithful friends.

My sister has instructive books.

2. Those adjectives which generally precede the nouns have been mentioned in Lesson 8, Rule 5., and will be also found § 85, (11.)

Nous avons de belles maisons.

Votre jolie petite fille est studieuse.

We have beautiful houses.

Your pretty little girl is studious.

3. The adjectives which are placed after nouns are:-1st, All participles, present and past, used adjectively.

Nous avons une histoire intéressante. We have an interesting history.
Vous avez des enfants polis.

1 See Rule 5 of next Lesson.

2

You have polite children.

Que meaning which and que conjunction are never understood in French, they must be repeated before every noun, pronoun, and verb. See L. 19, R. 1.

4. 2d, All such as express form, color, taste; such as relate to hearing and touching; such as denote the matter of which an object is composed; as also such as refer to nationality,' or to any defects of the body. [$ 85, (4.) (5.) (6.) (7.)]

Nos parents ont des chapeaux noirs.
Vous avez des pommes douces.
Voilà de la cire molle.

Our relations have black hats.
You have sweet apples.
There is soft wax.

Cette dame espagnole a un enfant That Spanish lady has a lame child. boiteux.

5. 3d, Almost all adjectives ending in al, able, ible, ique and if

Ces hommes libéraux sont aimés.
Voilà un esprit raisonnable.
Voilà un esclave fugitif.

Those liberal men are loved.

That is a reasonable mind.
That is a fugitive slave.

6. Some adjectives have a different meaning according to their position before or after the noun.

Un brave homme, a worthy man;

[See list, § 86.]

Un homme brave, a brave man.

7. En is used for the English words some or any, expressed or understood, but not followed by a noun; en has also the sense of of it, of them, thereof, generally understood in English sentences, particularly in answers to questions. [§ 39, (17.) § 104, § 110, (2.)(3.)]

Avez-vous des souliers de cuir?
J'en ai.

Votre fils en a-t-il ?

Have you leather shoes?

I have some, I have (of them).
Has your son any?

8. An adjective used substantively, and having a partitive signification (in a sentence containing the pronoun en), must be preceded by the preposition de, in the same manner as if the noun were expressed. [See R. 4, L. 8.]

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1 Such adjectives, in French, do not commence with a capital. See § 145.

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