§ 48.-REGULAR VERBS.

FIRST CONJUGATION,—ENDING IN ER.

MODEL VERB.

CHANTER, TO SING.

SIMPLE TENSES.

INDICATIVE MODE.

COMPOUND TENSES.

I have sung thou hast sung

he has sung one has sung

PAST INDEFINITE.

Tu as chanté,

Il a chanté,

On a chanté,

Nous chantons,

we sing

Nous avons chanté,

we have sung

I had

Tu chantais,

thou hadst

he had

been singing

Je chantais, I was singing, or I J'avais chanté,

Il chantait,
On chantait,
Nous chantions,
Vous chantiez,
Ils ohantaient,

Je chantai,

Tu chantas,

Il chanta,

On chanta,

used to sing thou wast singing he was singing one was singing we were singing you were singing they were singing

PAST DEFINITE.

Nous chantâmes,

Vous chantâtes,
Ils chantèrent,

I sang or did sing
thou sangest
he sang
one sang
we sang

FUTURE.

Je chanterai,
Tu chanteras,
Il chantera,
On chantera,
Nous chanterons,
Vous chanterez,

Ils chanteront,

you sang they sang

I shall or will sing
thou wilt sing
he will sing
one will sing
we shall sing

one had

we had you had they had

PAST ANTERIOR.

J'eus chanté,
Tu eus chanté,
Il eut chanté,
On eut chanté,

Nous eûmes chanté,
Vous eûtes chanté,
Ils eurent chanté,

you had sung

they had sung

FUTURE ANTERIOR.

I will thou shalt

he will

one will

we shall

you will they shall

J'aurai chanté,
Tu auras chanté,
Il aura chanté,
On aura chanté,
Nous aurons chanté,
Vous aurez chanté,
Ils auront chanté,

you will sing they will sing

CONDITIONAL MODE.

have sung

49.- REMARKS ON THE PECULIARITIES OF SOME VERBS OF THE FIRST CONJUGATION.

(1.) In verbs ending in ger, in order to retain the soft pronunciation of the g,' the e of the infinitive is preserved, whenever the g would

(2.) In verbs ending in yer, the y is changed into i, before e, es, ent, and e (not accented), followed by r and one or more vowels:

(3.) In verbs terminating in cer,3 to preserve to the c its soft pronunciation, a cedilla (ç) is put under it, when it comes before a or o: Commençant, commencing; instead of

Nous plaçons,

we place;

แ

commencant;
nous placons;

(4.) In verbs ending in eter and eler, the t or l of the infinitive is doubled, when it comes before e, es, ent and e (not accented), followed by r and one or more vowels:

(5.) The following verbs form exceptions to the last rule:

In the above verbs, when the t or l comes before e, es, ent, or e (not accented) followed by r and one or more vowels, a grave accent (`) is put over the e, which precedes the t or 1:

2 Some French authors, however, retain the y in verbs of this class. This rule applies also to o and u in verbs of the third conjugation,

ending in cevoir, Je reçois, I receive; J'aperçois, I perceive.