Nous aimons et nous louons nos enfants. Ce jardin est utile et agréable à notre père. Au dedans ou au dehors du roy aume. We love and praise our children. That garden is useful and agreeable to our father. Within or without the kingdom. 5. When, however, two or more verbs, adjectives or prepositions coming together in the same sentence, do not govern their regimen in the same manner, they cannot have a regimen in common. The regimen must be repeated, or replaced by a pronoun, or another turn must be given to the sentence. The following sentences could not, therefore, be translated literally into French. That man is useful to and loved by his family-I write to and receive letters from my brothers-To be exposed to or sheltered from the rain. We must say: Cet homme est utile à sa famille, et il en est aimé. J'écris des lettres à mon frère, et j'en reçois de lui. Être exposé à la pluie, ou en être à l'abri. That man is useful to his family, and he is beloved by them. I write letters to my brother, and receive some from him. To be exposed to the rain, or to be sheltered from it. Utile and aimé, écrire and recevoir, exposé and à l'abri, take different regimens. RESUME OF EXAMPLES. Nous sommes arrivés avant la bataille. Vous vous asseyez toujours devant Les avez-vous placés sur la table? Je les ai mis sous la chaise ou des sus. Ils demeurent derrière notre maison. son. Je les ai rencontrés derrière votre jardin. Vous avez acheté cette terre à l'insu de votre père. J'ai payé le jardinier à raison de deux francs par jour. Assiette, f. plate; Dedans, inside, within; Derrière, m. back; We arrived before the battle. You always sit before me. Have you placed them upon the table? I have put them under the chair or They lived behind our house. I met them behind your garden You have bought that estate without EXERCISE 157. Dessous, under, under Hectolitre, m. hectolitre, Pomme de terre, £ po Dessus, above, upon it; Plat, m. dish; tato; 1. N'avez-vous pas fermé la porte de devant? 2. Nous l'avons fermée, mais nous n'avons pas fermé la porte de derrière. 3. Qui est arrivé avant moi? 4. Le monsieur qui est assis devant la fenêtre. 5. Qui demeure derrière votre maison? 6. Il n'y a point de maison derrière la nôtre. 7. Ne pensez-vous pas qu'à force de travailler, il s'enrichira? 8. Je ne crois pas qu'il s'enrichisse, s'il vend ses marchandises à si bon marché. 9. Apprend-il la musique à l'insu de ses parents? 10. Il l'apprend à leur insu. 11. Vous êtes-vous marié à l'insu de votre soeur? 12. Je me suis marié à son insu. 13. Notre ami n'est pas dans la maison, il est dehors. 14. Il n'est pas hors de la ville, il est dedans. 15. Avez-vous de l'argent sur vous? 16. Je n'ai pas d'argent sur moi. 17. Demeurez-vous sur le derrière, ou sur le devant de la maison? 18. Nous demeurons sur le devant. 19. La cuisinière a-t-elle mis les assiettes sur la table, ou dessous? 20. Elle a mis les assiettes, les plats, les cuillères, et les fourchettes sur la table. 21. Combien ces pommes de terre vous coûtent-elles? 22. Je les ai achetées à raison de cinq francs l'hectolitre. 23. Avez-vous fait réparer le dedans ou le dehors de la maison? 24. J'ai fait réparer l'intérieur et l'extérieur. about me. EXERCISE 158. 1. Have you bought that house without your father's knowledge? 2. I have bought it without his knowledge. 3. Have you forgotten to shut the front door? 4. I have shut the front door and the back door. 5. I have brought all my books, except two or three. 6. Does your brother occupy the front of your house? 7. He occupies the back. 8. Whom have you met behind that house? 9. I met nobody behind the house. 10. Does that gentleman live behind your house? 11. Nobody lives behind our house. 12. There is no house behind yours. 13. Have you a knife about you? 14. I have no knife 15. Do you carry a knife about you? 16. I never carry a knife about me. 17. Has not your brother money about him? 18. He has no money about him. 19. Will you put these pencils upon the table, or under it? 20. I will put them in the drawer (tiroir). 21. How much have you given for that wheat? 22. I bought it at the rate of twenty-five francs the hectolitre. 23. Is that lady's house out of the city? 24. It is not out of the city; it is within. 25. Has not your sister placed the plates upon the table? 26. She has put the plates upon the table, and the spoons under it. 27. Have you had your house repaired? 28. I have had the inside repaired, but not the outside. 29. How much does that silk coat cost you? 30. I have bought it at the rate of five francs the metre. 31. Did you marry without your father's knowledge? 32. I married without his knowledge. 33. Have you sold my books without my knowledge? 34. I sold them without your knowledge. 35. I sold them without my sister's knowledge. LEÇON LXXXI. LESSON LXXXI. THE DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN, CE. (§ 108.) 1. The pronoun ce answers to the English pronoun it, used before the verb to be, in such sentences as, it is I, it is thou, etc. The latter pronouns (I, thou, etc.) are rendered by moi, toi, lui, elle, nous, vous, eux, m., elles, f. The verb remains in the singular, except when the pronoun following it is in the third person plural, in which case it may be put in the plural or in the singular [§ 116, (2.)]. If the pronoun is followed by qui, the verb is better in the plural, and, if followed by que, in the singular. C'est moi, c'est lui, c'est elle. C'est elles que nous cherchons. It is I, it is he, it is she. It is they who speak. 2. If the relative pronoun qui and another verb follow être, this second verb must agree in number and person with the pronoun preceding the relative. C'est vous qui avez fait cela. C'est nous qui avons déchiré cette soie. It is you who have done that. It is we who have torn that silk. 3. Ce also renders the English pronoun it, used absolutely, but not unipersonally before the verb to be [§ 108, (5.)]. Ce fut en Allemagne qu'il trouva It was in Germany that he found his son ami. friend. 4. Celui qui, celle qui, ceux qui, m., celles qui, f., are equivalent to the English pronouns, he who, she who, they who—celui que, celle que, celles que, render he whom, etc. ceux que, He or she who sings. RÉSUMÉ OF EXAMPLES. Est-ce vous qui nous avez averti de cela? C'est nous qui vous en avons averti. Is it you who have warned us of this? It is we who have warned you of it Est-ce vous, mesdames, que nous avons rencontrées? Ce n'est pas nous, c'est eux que Vous avez vus. Ce n'est pas vous, ce sont eux qui ont fait cela. C'est en Angleterre que je vous ai vu. Connaissez-vous ces deux Portugais? Je connais celui qui parle à M. L. Is it you, ladies, whom we have met? It is not we, it is they whom you have seen. It is not you, it is they who have done that. It is in England that I saw you. Do you know those two Portuguese? I know him who speaks to Mr. L. EXERCISE 159. Connaissance,f. acquaint- De temps en temps, from 1. Est-ce vous, madame, qui avez appelé votre domestique? 2. Ce n'est pas moi qui l'ai appelé. 3. Est-ce vous, mon ami, qui voulez à toute force aller en Espagne? 4. Ce n'est pas moi, c'est mon cousin. 5. N'est-ce pas lui qui a averti ce matelot de son danger? 6. Ce n'est pas lui, c'est moi qui l'en ai averti. 7. Est-ce nous que vous attendez de jour en jour? 8. Ce n'est pas vous, c'est eux que j'attends. 9. Est-ce vous, madame, qui nous avez comblées de bienfaits? 10. Ce n'est pas moi, madame. 11. N'est-ce pas en Italie que vous avez fait connaissance avec lui? 12. Ce n'est pas en Italie, c'est en Russie. 13. Est-ce vous, mesdames, ou vos cousines, que nous avons vues au bal? 14. C'est nous, ce n'est pas nos cousines, que vous avez vues. 15. Ne connaissez-vous pas ces deux messieurs? 16. Je connais celui qui parle à Madame L. 17. Est-ce vous qui avez reçu une blessure à la guerre? 18. Ce n'est pas moi, c'est mon voisin. 19. N'est-ce pas vous qui nous avez expliqué cette phrase? 20. Est-ce vous, monsieur, qui demeurez au No. 18? 21. Ce n'est pas moi qui y demeure. 22. Entendez-vous ces musiciens? 23. J'entends celui qui chante. 24. Je n'entends pas bien celui qui joue. 25. Nous entendons ceux qui préludent, EXERCISE 160. 1. Is it you, my friend, who have warned me of my danger? 2. It is not I who have warned you of it. 3. Is it they whom you expect from day to day? 4. It is not they whom we expect. 5. Is it you who have done this? 6. It is not we, it is you who have done it. 7. Was it in England that you bought this hat? 8. It was not in England; it was in Germany. 9. Was it not in Russia that you became acquainted with him? 10. It was not in Russia; it was in Italy. 11. Was it you who were calling us? 12. It was not we; it was he. 13. Are you not acquainted with the two Poles who are reading? 14. I know the one who is near you. 15. Is that (est-ce là) the lady whom you expected? 16. It is not (she). 17. Is it you, gentlemen, who have loaded my brother with kindness? 18. It is not (we), sir; we have not the pleasure of knowing him. 19. Is it you who have been wounded in the (au) arm? 20. It is not (1). 21. Do you not hear those two ladies? 22. I do not hear the one who sings. 23. I hear the one who plays. 24. Was it you who came to our house this morning? 25. It was not I; I was in London then (alors). 26. Was it you, sir, who did us that favor? 27. It was not (I); it was my sister. 28. Was it your son who wished by all means to go to London? 29. It was not he; he is now in Germany. 30. Is it you who wrote that letter? 31. We have written no letter. 32. Who lives at (au) No. 20? there (c'est moi). 34. Is it we whom you have seen? not you whom I saw. 33. I live 35. It was LEÇON LXXXII. LESSON LXXXII. CE, IDIOMATIC USE OF QUE. 1. The pronoun ce (and not the pronouns il, elle, etc.), must be used for he, she, they, coming before the verb to be, when that verb is followed by a noun, or an adjective used substantively, preceded by the, a or an, by some or any understood, or by a possessive or demonstrative adjective. When the word used in apposition with ce is plural, and in the third person, the verb is put in the plural, although ce remains unchanged [§ 108, (2.) (3.)]. C'est un Polonais. Ce sont des Anglais. He is a Pole. They are Englishmen. C'est cette dame qui m'a parlé de It is that lady who spoke to me of 2. Ce is used as the nominative of the verb être, in sentences like the following, and the conjunction que is used idiomatically after it. The verb in this case is not put in the plural. Qu'est-ce que ces enfants? Qu'est-ce que l'Italie ? Qu'est-ce que le jardinage? What are those children? What is Italy? What is gardening? |
