RÉSUMÉ OF EXAMPLES. Le Capitaine G. sait-il le français ? Ce monsieur est-il peintre? Ce monsieur est un architecte dis- Ce Français parle grec et arabe. Il parle le grec, l'arabe, et l'italien. Does Captain G. know French? I am not acquainted with him, but I Is that gentleman a painter? That gentleman is a distinguished That Frenchman speaks Greek and He speaks the Greek, Arabic, and Avez-vous vu Charles dix, frère de Have you seen Charles the Tenth, a Louis dix-huit? brother of Louis the Eighteenth? Danois,e, Danish, Dane; Polonais, e, Polish, Pole; Tapissier, m. upholsterer. 1. Connaissez-vous ce monsieur? 2. Oui, madame; je le connais fort bien. 3. Savez-vous de quel pays il est? 4. Il est hongrois. 5. Parle-t-il allemand? 6. Il parle allemand, polonais, russe, suédois, et danois. 7. N'est-il pas médecin? 8. Non, monsieur; avant la révolution, il était capitaine. 9. Avez-vous envie d'apprendre le russe? 10. J'ai envie d'apprendre le russe et le grec moderne, 11. Connaissez-vous les messieurs qui parlent à votre sœur? 12. Je ne les connais pas. 13. Savez-vous où ils demeurent? 14. Ils demeurent chez le tapissier de votre frère. 15. N'avez-vous pas l'histoire de Louis quatorze, dans votre bibliothèque ? 16. Je n'ai ni celle de Louis quatorze, ni celle de Henri quatre. 17. Avez-vous tort d'apprendre le chinois? 18. Je n'ai pas tort d'apprendre le chinois. 19. Vos compagnons apprennent-ils les langues anciennes ? 20. Ils savent plusieurs langues anciennes et modernes. 21. Parlezvous anglais ? 22. Je sais l'anglais et je le parle. 23. Connaissezvous l'Anglais que nous voyons? 24. Je ne le connais pas. 25. Il ne me connaît pas, et je ne le connais pas. EXERCISE 58. 1. Does our physician know French? 2. He knows French, English, and German. 3. Does he know the French physician? 4. He knows him very well. 5. Are you acquainted with that lady? 6. I am not acquainted with her. 7. Is she a German or a Swede. 8. She is neither a German nor a Swede, she is a Russian. 9. Do you intend to speak to her? 10. I intend to speak to her in (en) English. 11. Does she know English? 12. She knows several languages; she speaks English, Danish, Swedish, and Hungarian. 13. Is your brother a colonel? 14. No, sir; he is a captain. 15. Is your upholsterer a Dane? 16. He is not a Dane, he is a Swede. 17. Are you a Frenchman? 18. No, sir; I am a Hungarian. 19. Do you know Chinese? 20. I know Chinese, Russian, and modern Greek. 21. Are you wrong to learn languages? 22. I am not wrong to learn languages. 23. Do you know the Englishman who lives at your brother's? 24. I am acquainted with him. 25. I am not acquainted with him. 26. Do you like books? books. 28. Have you a desire to learn Russian? desire to learn Russian. 30. Have you no time? 31. I have but little time. 32. What do you learn? 33. We learn Latin, Greek, French, and German. 34. Do you not learn Spanish? 35. We do not learn it. 27. I am fond of 29. I have no LEÇON XXXI. LESSON XXXI. RELATIVE PRONOUNS. (§ 38.) 1. Qui, who, which, used as nominative, may relate to persors or to things. Les fleurs qui sont dans votre jardin. The flowers which are in your garden. 2. Qui, whom, used as the object of a verb, can only be said of persons. It is used interrogatively with or without a preposition. Qui votre frère voit-il ? De qui parlez-vous ce matin ? Whom does your brother see? Of whom do you speak this morning? 3. Que, whom, which, may be said of persons or things. It can never be understood, and must be repeated before every verb. [L. 19. 1.] Les personnes que nous voyons. The persons whom we see. The languages which we learn. 4. Ce que, is employed for that which, or its equivalent what. Ce que vous apprenez est utile. Trouvez-vous ce que vous cherchez? That which you learn is useful. 5. Que answers to the English pronoun what, used absolutely before a verb. Que pensez-vous de cela? What do you think of that? 6. Quoi, what, when not used as an exclamation, is generally preceded by a preposition, and relates only to things. De quoi voulez-vous parler? À quoi pensez-vous? Of what do you wish to speak? 7. Lequel, m., laquelle, ƒ., lesquels, m. p., lesquelles, f. p., which, or which one, [L. 18. 6] or which ones, relate to persons or things. They may be preceded by a preposition, contracted or not with the article. Lequel avez-vous apporté ? Duquel (de laquelle) parlez-vous ? Which one have you brought? 8. Dont, of which, or of whom, whose, may relate to persons or things, in the masculine or feminine, singular or plural. It can never be used absolutely, and must always be preceded by an antecedent. It is preferable to de qui or duquel, etc. Les fleurs dont vous me parlez. Les demoiselles dont votre sœur vous parle. The flowers of which you speak to me. The young ladies of whom your sister speaks to you. 9. PRESENT OF THE INDICATIVE OF THE IRREGULAR VERBS, Connaissez-vous le monsieur qui L'Espagnol dont la sœur est ici. Vous mettez, Do you know the gentleman who I know him who speaks to him. The Spaniard whose sister is here. We speak of that of which you speak 1. Qui connaissez-vous? 2. Nous connaissons les Hollandais dont vous nous parlez. 3. Quelles leçons apprenez-vous? 4. Nous apprenons les leçons que vous nous recommandez. 5. Ce que je vous dis, est-il vrai? 6. Ce que vous nous dites est vrai. 7. De qui nous parlez-vous? 8. Nous vous parlons des Écossais qui viennent d'arriver. 9. Savez-vous qui vient d'arriver? 10. Je sais que le monsieur que nous connaissons vient d'arriver. 11. Vos sœurs que font-elles? 12. Elles ne font presque rien, elles n'ont presque rien à faire. 13. Que mettez-vous dans votre coffre? 14. Nous y mettons ce que nous avons, nos habillements et notre linge. 15. N'y mettez-vous pas vos souliers? 16. Nous y mettons les souliers dont nous avons besoin. 17. De quoi avez-vous besoin? 18. Nous avons besoin de ce que nous avons. 19. Cet enfant sait-il ce qu'il fait? 20. Il sait ce qu'il fait, et ce qu'il dit. 21. Ne voulez-vous pas le leur dire? 22. Avec beaucoup de plaisir. 23. Faites-vous ce que le marchand vous commande? 24. Nous faisons ce qu'il nous dit. 25. Il parle de ce dont vous parlez. EXERCISE 60. 1. Have you what (ce dont) you want? 2. We have what we want. 3. Is the gentleman whom you know, here? 4. The lady of whom you speak is here. 5. Has she just arrived? [L. 26. 2.] 6. She has just arrived. 7. Do you know that gentleman? 8. I know the gentleman who is speaking with your father. 9. Do you know his name? 10. I do not know his name, but I know where he lives (demeure). 11. What do you do every morning? 12. We do almost nothing, we have very little to do. 13. Does the tailor make your clothes? 14. He makes my clothes, my brother's, and my cousin's. 15. Do you know what you say? 16. I know what I say, and what I do. 17. Do you know the Scotchman of whom your brother speaks? 18. I know him well. 19. What does he put into (dans) his trunk? 20. He puts his clothes. 21. Is that which you say, true? 22. What I say is true. 23. Do you understand that which I say to you? 24. I understand all that you say. 25. Of whom does your brother speak? 26. He speaks of the gentleman whose sister is here. 27. Is your brother wrong to do what he does? 28. He cannot be wrong to do it. 29. What are you doing? 30. I am doing that which you do. 31. Where do you put my books? 32. Into (dans) your brother's trunk. 33. Is your brother here? 34. He is not here. 35. He is at my brother's, or at my father's. LEÇON XXXII. LESSON XXXII. PLAN OF THE EXERCISES IN COMPOSING FRENCH. Hitherto the student has been occupied exclusively in acquiring facts, forms and principles, and in translating, by the aid of these, French into English and again English into French. Following still the plan of the work, let him now undertake the higher business of endeavoring to compose in French. With this intent, let him take some of the words, given for this purpose, in the lists at page 271, and seek to incorporate them in sentences entirely his own. The words taken from the lists, are to be used merely as things suggestive of thought. The form which, in any given case, the sentence may assume, should be determined by the models found in the Lessons preceding; for, every sentence which the pupil has once mastered in the regular course of the Lessons, is or should be to him a model, on which he may at pleasure build other constructions of his own. Indeed, this constructing sentences according to models, that is, shaping one's thoughts according to the forms and idioms peculiar to a foreign tongue, is the true and only secret of speaking and writing that language well. The pupil, therefore, as he passes along in the ordinary course of the Lessons, should frequently be found applying his knowledge in the way of actually composing independent sentences. In this way he will soon acquire a facility and accuracy the language, which are hardly otherwise attainable at all. in METTRE, ÔTER, FAIRE, ETC. 1. The verb mettre is used in the same sense as the English to put on, in speaking of garments. cloth, or set the table. Quel chapeau mettez-vous? Mettre le couvert, means to lay the What hat do you put on? Your brother puts on his black coat. |
