4. Does the sample of urine in the bottle "No. 4" contain an abnormal compound?

5. Determine precisely the weight in grains of real Sulphuric Acid in each fluid ounce of the diluted acid handed to you.

1. Box "No. 1" contains a vegetable alkaloid: identify it.

2. Box "No. 2" contains a simple metallic salt: identify the metal, and the acid radicle present, and name the compound.

3. Box "No. 3" contains a portion of a calculus: identify the compound.

4. Bottle "No. 4" contains a free acid: identify it.

5. Determine precisely the weight in grains of diabetic sugar contained in each ounce of the sample of urine handed to you.

Questions No. 5 must be attempted.

[N. B.-No credit will be given for an answer unless it is accompanied by a short but clear statement of the experimental evidence obtained.]

MEDICAL SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATION,

HUMAN

ANATOMY.

DR. T. E. LITTLE.

1. Name the bones forming the floor, roof, and sides of the Nasal Fossa; the foramina opening into it; and the nerves found therein.

2. Give the origin, and insertion of the Superior Constrictor of the Pharynx; the objects related to its superficial and deep surfaces, and to its upper and lower edges.

3. Give the origin, course, relations, and distribution of the Spermatic Arteries. Contrast the vessels of the right and left side.

4. Describe the "Great Transverse Cerebral Fissure" (of Bichat). What portions of the brain form its boundaries; and what structures occupy it?

5. Describe the cutaneous distribution of Nerves to the Upper Extremity, in the following order :-shoulder; arm; elbow; forearm; hand. (See diagrams.)

6. Describe, and contrast in shape, size, relations, and connexions, the Urinary Bladder in the male and female.

7. Describe the Membranous Portion of the Urethra,-its relations and connexions; its shape, dimensions, and limits; its direction; and its

structure.

8. Name, in proper order, the objects displayed in the dissection of the region of the Bend of the Elbow, from the skin to the bones.

9. Contrast, in as many particulars as you can, the Dura Mater, Arachnoid, and Pia Mater of the brain and Spinal cord, respectively.

10. Identify, and describe briefly, the muscles specially described by, and bearing the names of, the following anatomists:-(a) Horner; (b) Wilson; (c) Guthrie; (d) Houston; (e) Bell; (f) Merkel; (g) Sœmmerring, (h) Hancock.

DR. HARVEY.

1. Define the terms "vital" and "passive" as applied to structures. Exemplify Professor MacDowel's use of these terms by contrasting certain joints.

2. Describe the diaphragm, mentioning accurately its attachments, the source and manner of its blood- and nerve-supply, and the manner and concomitants of its normal action.

3. Give the origin, course, and relations of the spinal-accessory nerve, until it leaves the cranium.

4. When the innominate artery is not the first branch of the arch of the aorta, one of a series of definite irregularities usually exists. Describe and explain these.

5. Enumerate, classify, and describe generally, the various tributaries of the cranial sinuses.

6. Give the origin, course, relations, and connexions of the great splanchnic nerve.

7. Describe, and give accurately, the relations of the apparatus for the conveyance of tears from the eyes.

8. What structures enter into the formation of the duodenum? Indicate, by a diagram or otherwise, their relative positions; and state the nature of each.

9. Give a description of what is seen on making the usual longitudinal section of a kidney; and mention to what the appearances of the certical and medullary portions are respectively due.

10. Describe the external auditory canal as to position, extent, and structure. Contrast the infantile and adult forms. What, and of what nature, are the glands found in it?

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY.

DR. MACALISTER.

1. Contrast the mode of origin, and the embryonic sources of the thyroid, thymus, spleen, and pituitary bodies.

2. Classify the groups of vertebrates, according as they show (a). Persistency of the notochord.

(6). Epichordal vertebral formation.

(c). Vertebral enlargements of the notochord and inter-vertebral constrictions.

(d). Intervertebral enlargements and vertebral constrictions.

3. What are the rudimental organs usually appended or in relation to the human larynx? and specify the value of each.

4. What parts in the human skull correspond to the elements of the suspensorium of fishes and amphibia.

5. How are the trabecular arch, and the copula, arranged in the vertebral series, and what parts are developed therefrom?

6. Describe the formation of the following parts and regions:

(a). Aquæductus Vestibuli.

(b). Aquæductus Sylvii.

(c). Epiphysis Cerebri.

7. Contrast the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle in man, specify

ing

(a), The spinal source of the nervous supply of each;

(b), The chief structural points of difference;

(c), The differences in relation;

(d), The chief points wherein both differ from the same parts of other mammals.

8. Refer the lobes of the human liver to the parts of the so-called "generalized liver-type" of Prof. Flower, and enumerate at least four of the structures appended to the liver in man, which are rudimental or indicative of more fully developed parts in other adult animals.

9. What conditions in the development of the kidney and Wolffian body lead you to regard these as modified segmental organs: and how, in view of the metameric relationship of these ducts, can you explain the formation and nature of the duct of Leydig?

10. Contrast the articulations of bodies of the 4th and 5th cervical vertebræ with those of the 5th and 6th dorsal vertebræ, and mention where in the human vertebral column you would expect to find traces of the ligamentum conjugale of Mayer.

I. Mention the principal medicines derived from the Animal Kingdom-in each case indicating their source, and stating their therapeutic value.

2. What is Nux Vomica ? How is its active principle obtained? Mention its chemical characteristics, physiological effects, and therapeutic uses.

3. Describe the way opium is obtained. Mention the principles contained in it.

4. Explain the Pharmacopoeial process for preparing the Liquor Zinci Chloridum.

5. Prescribe a castor oil draught for an adult.

BOTANY.

I. Describe the mode in which, in flowering plants, the stem is first developed.

2. Describe generally the organs of reproduction in a plant.

3. What are the leading features of the natural order Cinchonaceæ ? Mention the principal products furnished by it.

4. Give the Botanical History of Digitalis; describing accurately your reasons for referring it to its natural order.

5. What do you mean by the terms-Gamopetalous, Gamophyilous, Sorosis, Pyrenæ, Primordial Utricle ?

MR. GALBRAITH.

PHYSICS.

1. What is meant by specific heat? If one pound of boiling mercury, in being reduced to o° C., melts one-seventh of a pound of ice at o° Ñ., find the specific heat of mercury.

2. If W and V denote the weight in pounds, and volume in cubic feet, of a mass of dry air whose pressure is 30 inches, and temperature 62° F., prove that

V = 13.11 W.

3. What is the use of amalgamating the zinc plates of a battery? What does it prevent, and why?

4. What is Ampere's rule for determining the direction of a current ? 5. State the manner in which moveable currents act on each other, and explain thereby the way in which a bar of iron is magnetized by a current which circulates round it in a spiral of copper wire.

CHEMISTRY.

1. State the percentage by volume of oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere, and from it derive the percentage by weight; assuming the densities of the gases to be represented by their atomic weights. Also show that the density of air with respect to hydrogen is 14.42.

2. If a pound of carbon be burned in air, at a pressure of one atmosphere, and temperature 62° F., calculate both by weight and volume the quantity of air which will be required for complete combustion.

3. Describe the process for making caustic potash. Explain the reactions by means of an equation, and calculate how much carbonate will be required in order to get one pound of potash.

4. What is meant by "proof spirit"? How may absolute alcohol be obtained from it? Give its formula.

5. Describe the process by which such a substance may be analysed. If the percentage composition should turn out to be

how may its molecular constitution be determined, supposing that the density of its vapour has been ascertained to be 1.589 as compared with air ?

PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY.

DR. REYNOLDS.

1. Prepare a small quantity of calomel from the solution of mercuric chloride given to you.

2. The box marked "No. 2" contains a simple salt. Find the basic and acid radicles of the compound, and name the salt.

3. The box marked "No. 3" contains a simple salt. Analyse and report upon it as in the last case.

4. Examine qualitatively the sample of urine contained in the bottle marked "No. 4," and report upon it fully.

5. Determine accurately the weight of chlorides and urea present in each fluid ounce of the sample of urine marked "No. 5."

6. The box marked "No. 6" contains an organic acid. Examine and identify it, by means of chemical tests, and state fully your mode of procedure.

MEDICAL TRAVELLING PRIZE.

DR. MOORE.

1. Detail the various neurotic symptoms, both subjective and objective, which may attach to intra-thoracic tumours, and explain their occurrence?

2. Under what circumstances do we meet with "Ischemia," and with what remarkable symptoms and physical signs do we find it associated?