COMMINUTION. The priest divides the Host into fragments for distribution. The deacon. Let us all with awe and reverence draw nigh to the mysteries of the precious body and blood of our Saviour. With a pure heart and faith unfeigned, let us remember his passion and consider his resurrection: for our sakes the Onlybegotten of God took of mankind a mortal body and a reasonable and intelligent and immortal soul, and by his life-giving laws and holy commandments hath brought us nigh from error to the knowledge of the truth. And after all his dispensation for us, he the first-fruits of our nature was lifted up on the cross, and rose from the dead and was taken up into heaven. He hath delivered to us his holy mysteries, that in them we might commemorate all his goodness towards us. Let us then with overflowing love and with a humble will receive the gift of eternal life with pure prayer and manifold contrition let us communicate in the mysteries of the church in penitent hope, turning from our transgressions and sorrowing for our sins, and asking mercy and forgiveness from God the Lord of all. And let us also forgive the offences of our fellow-servants. The people answer-O Lord, pardon the sins of thy servants, and purify our consciences from doubts and strifes. O Lord, pardon the offences of those that are praising thee and cleanse our soul from hatred and slander. O Lord, pardon the sins of thy servants who have confessed thy name, and make us worthy to receive this sacrament with faith. O Lord, pardon thy servants who call daily upon thy name: and grant us, Lord, to be thine, even as thou desirest; and may these divine mysteries, O Lord, be to us for confidence and courage before thy Majesty. THE LORD'S PRAYER. The priest. Pardon, O my Lord, in thy compassion the sins and transgressions of thy servants, and hallow our lips by thy grace that with all thy saints in thy kingdom they may yield the fruits of praise to thine exalted Godhead. Make us worthy, O our Lord and God, to stand before thee continually, without blame, with a pure heart and open face, with the boldness which 1 The wording of these prayers is somewhat doubtful. in mercy is given us by thee, that we may all with one accord call upon thee and say on this wise: ... for The people. Our Father which art in heaven etc. thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory for ever and The priest. Peace be with you. Answer. With thee and with thy spirit. The priest. The Holy thing is meet for the holy. People. The Father only is holy the Son only is holy: the Spirit only is holy. Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Spirit for ever and ever. Amen. The deacon. Let us pray. Peace be with us. [Answer: With thee and with thy spirit.] The priest receives the communion himself. The priest. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with you. Answer. Amen. The priest gives the Body to each, saying: The body of Christ the King (or The body of our Lord). Likewise the Blood to each, saying: The blood of Christ (or The precious blood). [Anthem (?) during the reception]. Lo! the medicine of life. Lo! it is distributed in the holy church. This is the true body and blood of our Lord, which the peoples have received, and by which they have certainly been pardoned. This is the medicine that heals diseases and festering sores. Receive, ye mortals, and be purified by it from your transgressions. Come receive without price forgiveness of transgressions and offences through the body and blood which takes away the sin of the whole world. THE POST-COMMUNION. Anthem after the communion-Our Lord Jesus, adorable King, keep away from us all harmful guile. In the day of thy manifestation may we go forth to meet thee with Hosannas. We give thanks to thy name for thy goodness towards our race, for thou hast pardoned our transgressions and blotted them out. In thy grace account us worthy to ascribe to thy sovranty glory and beauty and thanksgiving for ever. Amen and Amen. The deacon. Let us all who have been enabled to receive these mysteries give thanks and glorify the God of all. The people. Glory be to him for his unspeakable gift. Amen and Amen. The deacon. Let us pray. Peace be with us. [Answer: With thee and with thy spirit.] The priest. It is meet, O my Lord, right at every time and fitting at every hour that we should give thanks and adore and glorify the awful name of thy majesty: for by thy grace, O my Lord, thou hast enabled the weak nature of mortal man to hallow thy name with the spiritual ones, and to partake in the mysteries of thy gift, to delight in the sweetness of thy words and to raise at all times voices of praise and thanksgiving to thine high Godhead, O Lord of all, Father, Son and Holy Ghost for ever. Amen. The priest. May Christ our God and Lord and Saviour, the giver of our life and the forgiver of our sins, who in his grace and mercies hath accounted us worthy to receive his precious all-sanctifying body and blood, grant us to be well-pleasing unto him in our thoughts and words and deeds and actions. And, O my Lord, may this earnest which we have received and are receiving be to us for the pardon of our offences and the remission of our sins and for the great hope of resurrection. from the dead and for new life in the kingdom of heaven, with all those who have been well-pleasing in thy sight, by thy grace and mercy for ever. Amen. THE DISMISSAL-BLESSING. The priest. May He who hath blessed us with all spiritual blessings in heavenly places in Jesus Christ bless us all in the power of his mysteries. Amen. Of course such a restoration as the above cannot be put forward as absolutely final or correct in every detail. I have attempted it, because I believe it to be sufficiently close to a satisfactory idea of a liturgy of the date, and to exhibit some even earlier features. It will thus, I believe, be of use to those who are not liturgical students, but would be glad to have an idea of what some early liturgies were like. I shall be grateful for any corrections or suggestions for improvement (whether public or private) from liturgical students or Syriac scholars. W. C. BISHOP. ART. VIII. THE WAR, PEACE AND AFTER. I. A World in Ferment: Interpretations of the War for New World. By NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER, President of Columbia University, Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters. (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1918.) 2. The White Eagle of Poland. By E. F. BENSON. (London: Hodder and Stoughton.) 3. The Eastern Question: An Historical Study in European Diplomacy. By J. A. R. MARRIOTT, Fellow of Worcester College; Member of Parliament for the City of Oxford. 2nd Edition, Revised. (Oxford: At the Clarendon Press. 1918.) 4. The League of Nations. By VISCOUNT GREY OF FALLODEN. The League of Nations and the Democratic Idea. By Professor GILBERT MURRAY. The League of Nations in History. By Professor A. F. POLLARD. The League of Nations and the Coming Rule of Law. By Sir FREDERICK POLLOCK. The League of Nations and Freedom of the Seas. By Sir JULIAN CORBETT. The League of Nations and Primitive Peoples. By Sir SYDNEY OLIVIER, K.C.M.G., C.B. The League of Nations and Labour. By the Rt. Hon. Arthur HENDERSON, P.C., M.P., Secretary of the British Labour Party. (Oxford: at the University Press. 1918.) 5. Dr. Elsie Inglis. By Lady Frances Balfour. (London: Hodder and Stoughton.) 6. Syria and the Holy Land. By the Very Rev. Sir GEORGE ADAM SMITH, Principal of Aberdeen University. (London: Hodder and Stoughton. 1918.) 7. Réfutation décisive des Treize Rumeurs Infâmes sur le Clergé français. Par EDOUARD POULAIN. 2nd Edition (Paris Pierre Téqui. 1917.) IT is difficult to believe or realize the transformation that has taken place since last we wrote on the subject of the war. Our last article was revised just at the moment when we had heard of the collapse of Bulgaria; by the time it was read the war seemed to be almost over. When we then wrote we might have hopes that the end was in sight, but they were hopes which we hardly dared to express. The result has finally come with far greater suddenness than even our wildest hopes expected. The result of the fall of Bulgaria, followed almost immediately by that of Turkey, was evident. It meant that the whole of the southern flank of Austria would be exposed to invasion, that the armies which had been held up by the Bulgarians would be free, that connexion would be made with Rumania. Coincidentally almost came the complete collapse of the Austrian Army on the Italian frontier, and in a short time Austria also was out of the war. That of course meant that the southern frontiers of Germany would be exposed to exactly the same attacks as had threatened Austria. Meanwhile in France the long, stern offensive was steadily advancing. As the front extending from the sea to Switzerland offered no opportunity for anything like brilliant manœuvring, Marshal Foch had adapted his attack to the conditions. It had two characteristics: the one a continuous and relentless attack which never ceased in one place or another, so that the enemy must be continuously kept upon the alert; the other an attempt to cut the German communications by the American attack on their left flank and to break the centre by heavy English pressure on the Somme. To the Americans a difficult task had been entrusted. They had to fight in a wooded hilly country where the opportunities of defence were great, and the Germans seeing the danger with which they were threatened concentrated large forces against them. While the men |