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NOTES.

Note 1, page 28, col. 2.

-descried of yore.

IN him was fulfilled the ancient prophecy

-venient annis

Secula seris, quibus Oceanus

Vincula rerum laxit, etc.

Seneca in Medea, v. 374.

ways from home.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 19. Nos pavidi at pater Anchises-lætus.

Note 8, page 28, col. 2.

What vast foundations in the Abyss are there.
Tasso employs preternatural agents on a similar
occasion,

Trappassa, ed ecco in quel silvestre loco
Sorge improvvisa la città del foco.

xiii, 33. Gli incanti d'Ismeno, che ingannano con delusioni, al

Which Tasso has imitated in his Gierusalemme tro non significano, che la falsità delle ragioni, e delle

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When these regions were to be illuminated, says Acosta, cùm divino concilio decretum esset, prospectum etiam divinitus est, ut tam longi itineris dux certus hominibus præberetur.-De Natura Novi Orbis.

persuasioni, la qual si genera nella moltitudine, e varietà de' pareri, e de' discorsi umani.

Note 9, page 28, col. 2.

Atlantic kings their barbarous pomp display'd.
See Plato's Timæus; where mention is made of
mighty kingdoms, which, in a day and a night, had
disappeared in the Atlantic, rendering its waters un-
navigable.

Si quæras Helicen et Burin, Achaïdas urbes,
Invenies sub aquis.

At the destruction of Callao, in 1747, no more than one of all the inhabitants escaped; and he by a providence the most extraordinary. This man was on the fort that overlooked the harbor, going to strike the flag, when he perceived the sea to retire to a considerable distance; and then, swelling mountain-high, it their houses in terror and confusion; he heard a cry returned with great violence. The people ran from of Miserere rise from all parts of the city; and immediately all was silent; the sea had entirely over

whelmed it, and buried it for ever in its bosom: but the same wave that destroyed it, drove a little boat by the place where he stood, into which he threw himself and was saved.

Note 10, page 29, col. 1

"Land!" and his voice in faltering accents died. Historians are not silent on the subject. The sailors, according to Herrera, saw the signs of an inundated country (tierras anegadas); and it was the general expectation that they should end their lives there, as others had done in the frozen sea, "where St. Amaro suffers no ship to stir backward or forward." F. COLUMBUS, C. 19.

Note 11, page 29, col. 1.

And (whence or why from many an age withheld).
The author seems to have anticipated his long

Note 12, page 29, col. 1.

A romantic circumstance is related of some early navigator in the Histoire Gen. des Voyages, I. i. 2. "On trouva dans l'ile de Cuervo une statue équestre, cou-slumber in the library of the Fathers. verte d'un manteau, mais la tête nue, qui tenoit de la main gauche la bride du cheval, et qui montroit l'occident de la main droite. Il y avoit sur le bas d'un roc quelques lettres gravées, qui ne furent point entendues; mais il parut clairement que le signe de la main regardoit l'Amérique."

Note 6, page 28, col. 2.

He spoke, and, at his call, a mighty Wind. The more Christian opinion is that God, at the ength, with eyes of compassion as it were, looking downe from heaven, intended even then to rayse those windes of mercy, whereby this newe worlde receyved the hope of salvation.-Certaine Preambles to the Decades of the Ocean.

Note 7, page 28, col. 2.

Folded their arms and sat.

To return was deemed impossible, as it blew al

Hast led thy servant

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coverers, if we may believe B. Diaz and other contemporary writers, ended their days in a hermitage, or a cloister.

Note 16, page 29, col. 1.

"T was in the deep, immeasurable cave
Of Andes.

Vast indeed must be those dismal regions, if it be true, as conjectured (Kircher. Mund. Subt. I. 202), that Etna, in her eruptions, has discharged twenty times her original bulk. Well might she be called by Euripides (Troades, v. 222) The Mother of Mountains; yet Etna herself is but "a mere firework, when compared to the burning summits of the Andes."

Note 17, page 29, col. 2.

Note 23, page 29, col. 2.

He spoke; and all was silence, all was night! These scattered fragments may be compared to shreds of old arras, or reflections from a river broken and confused by the oar; and now and then perhaps the imagination of the reader may supply more than is lost. Si qua latent, meliora putat. "It is remarkable," says the elder Pliny, "that the Iris of Aristides, the Tyndarides of Nicomachus, and the Venus of Apelles, are held in higher admiration than their finished works." And is it not so in almost everything? Call up him that left half-told The story of Cambuscan boldNote 24, page 30, col. 1.

The soldier, etc.

One-half the globe; from pole to pole confess'd. Gods, yet confessed later.-MILTON.Ils ne lais- In the Lusiad, to beguile the heavy hours at sea, sent pas d'en être les esclaves, et de les honorer plus Veloso relates to his companions of the second watch que le grand Esprit, qui de sa nature est bon.- the story of the Twelve Knights. L. vi. LAFITAU.

Note 18, page 29, col. 2.

Where Plata and Maragnon meet the main.

Note 25, page 30, col. 1.

So Fortune smiled, careless of sea or land!
Among those who went with Columbus, were many

Rivers of South America. Their collision with adventurers, and gentlemen of the court. Primero was the tide has the effect of a tempest.

Note 19, page 29, col. 2.

Of Huron or Ontario, inland seas.

Lakes of North America. Huron is above a thousand miles in circumference. Ontario receives the waters of the Niagara, so famous for its falls; and discharges itself into the Atlantic by the river St. Lawrence.

Note 20, page 29, col. 2.

By Ocean severed from a world of shade

La plupart de ces îles ne sont en effet que des pointes de montagnes: et la mer, qui est au-delà, est une vrai mer Méditerranée.-BUFFON.

Note 21, page 29, col. 2.

Hung in the tempest o'er the troubled main. The dominion of a bad angel over an unknown sea, infestandole con sus torbellinos y tempestades, and his flight before a Christian hero, are described in glowing language by Ovalle.-Hist. de Chile, IV. 8.

Note 22, page 29, col. 2.

No voice, as erst, shall in the desert rise;

the game then in fashion.-See VEGA, p. 2, lib. iii, c. 9 Note 26, page 30, col. 1.

Yet who but He undaunted could explore. Many sighed and wept; and every hour seemed a year, says Herrera.-I, i, 9 and 10.

Note 27, page 30, col. 2.

The solemn march, the vows in concert given. His public procession to the convent of Rábida on the day before he set sail. It was there that his sons had received their education; and he himself appears to have passed some time there, the venerable Guardian, Juan Perez de Marchena, being his zealous and affectionate friend. The ceremonies of his departure and return are represented in many of the fresco paintings in the palaces of Genoa.

Note 28, page 30, col. 2.

While his dear boys-ah, on his neck they hung. "But I was most afflicted, when I thought of my two sons, whom I had left behind me in a strange country- -before I had done, or at least could be known to have done, anything which might incline Alluding to the oracles of the Islanders, so soon to your highnesses to remember them. And though I comforted myself with the reflection that our Lord become silent; and particularly to a prophecy, deliv- would not suffer so earnest an endeavor for the exered down from their ancestors, and sung with loud altation of his church to come to nothing, yet I conlamentations (Petr. Martyr. dec. 3, lib. 7) at their sol-sidered that, on account of my unworthiness," etc.emn festivals (Herrera, I, iii, 4) that the country would F. COLUMBUS, c. 37. be laid waste on the arrival of strangers, completely clad, from a region near the rising of the sun. Ibid. II, 5, 2 It is said that Cazziva, a great Cacique, after long fasting and many ablutions, had an interview with one of the Zemi, who announced to him this terrible event (F. Columbus, c. 62), as the oracles of Latona, according to Herodotus (II, 152) predicted the overthrow of eleven kings of Egypt, on the appearance of men of brass, risen out of the sea.

Nor did this prophecy exist among the Islanders alone. It influenced the councils of Montezuma, and extended almost universally over the forests of America. Cortes. Herrera. Gomara. "The demons whom they worshipped,' says Acosta, “in this instance told them the truth."

Note 29, page 30, col. 2.

The great Gonzalo.

Gonzalo Fernandes, already known by the name of the Great Captain. Granada surrendered on the 2d of January, 1492. Columbus set sail on the 3d of August following.

Note 30, page 30, col. 2.

Though Roldan, etc.

Probably a soldier of fortune. There were more than one of the name on board.

Note 31, page 31, col. 1.

The Cross shone forth in everlasting light!
The Cross of the South; "una Croce maravigliosa.e

di tanta bellezza," says Andrea Corsali, a Florentine,
writing to Giuliano of Medicis, in 1515,
" che non
mi pare ad alcuno segno celeste doverla comparare.
E s'io non mi inganno, credo che sia questo il crusero
di che Dante parlò nel principio del Purgatorio con
spirito profetico, dicendo,

I'mi volsi a man destra, e posi mente,
All' altro polo, e vidi quattro stelle, etc."
Note 32, page 31, col. 1.

Roc of the West! to him all empire given ! Le Condor est le même oiseau que le Roc des Orientaux.-BUFFON. "By the Peruvians," says Vega, "he was anciently worshipped; and there were those who claimed their descent from him." In these degenerate days he still ranks above the Eagle.

Note 33, page 31, col. 1.

Who bears Axalhua's dragon-folds to heaven.

As the Roc of the East is said to have carried off

the Elephant. See Marco Polo-Axalhua, or the Emperor, is the name in the Mexican language for the great serpent of America.

Note 34, page 31, col. 1.

To where Alaska's wintry wilds retire.

Call'd on the Spirit within. Disdaining flight,
Calmly she rose, collecting all her might. '
Dire was the dark encounter! Long unquell'da,
Her sacred seat, sovereign and pure, she held.
At length the great Foe binds her for his prize,
And awful, as in death, the body lies!
Not long to slumber! In an evil hour

Inform'd and lifted by the unknown Power,

It starts, it speaks! "We live, we breathe no more!" etc. Many a modern reader will exclaim in the language of Pococurantè, "Quelle triste extravagance!" Let a great theologian of that day, a monk of the Augustine order, be consulted on the subject. "Corpus ille perimere vel jugulare potest; nec id modò, verùm et animam ita urgere, et in angustum coarctare novit, ut in momento quoque illi excedendum sit."-LuTHERUS, De Missa Privata.

Note 42, page 31, col. 2. And can you shrink? etc.

The same language had been addressed to Isabel la.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 15.

Note 43, page 31, col. 2.

Oh had I perish'd, when my failing frame.
His miraculous escape, in early life, during a sea-

Northern extremity of the New World.-See fight off the coast of Portugal.-Ibid. c. 5.
Cook's last Voyage.

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Note 40, page 31, col. 1.

'Twas Merion's self, covering with dreadful shade. Now one,

Now other, as their shape served best his end.

Note 44, page 31, col. 2.

The scorn of Folly, and of Fraud the prey.
Nudo nocchier, promettitor di regni !

By the Genoese and the Spaniards he was regarded as a man resolved on “a wild dedication of himself to unpathed waters, undreamed shores;" and the court of Portugal endeavored to rob him of the glory of his enterprise, by secretly dispatching a vessel in the course which he had pointed out. "Lorsqu'il avait promis un nouvel hémisphère," says Voltaire, "on lui avait soutenu que cet hémisphère ne pouvoit exister; et quand il l'eut découvert, on prétendit qu'il avait été connu depuis long-temps."

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Salve, regina. Herrera, I, i, 12.-It was the usual Undoubtedly, says Herrera, the Infernal Spirit as-service, and always sung with great solemnity. "I sumed various shapes in that region of the world.

Note 41, page 31, col. 1.

Then, inly gliding, etc.

remember one evening," says Oviedo, "when the ship was in full sail, and all the men were on their knees, singing Salve, regina," etc. Relacion Sommaria.

The original passage is here translated at full The hymn, O Sanctissima, is still to be heard after

ength.

Then, inly gliding like a subtle flame,

Thrice, with a cry that thrill'd the mortal frame,

1-magnum si pectore possit Excussisse deum

sunset along the shores of Sicily, and its effect may be better conceived than described. See BRYDONE, I, 330.

Note 48, page 31, col. 2.
Chosen of Men!

Note 56, page 32, col. 1.
What long-drawn tube, etc.

For the effects of the telescope, and the mirror, on an uncultivated mind, see WALLIS's Voyage round the World, c. 2 and 6.

Note 57, page 32, col. 2.

Through citron-groves, and fields of yellow maize. Ætas est illis aurea. Apertis vivunt hortis. P. MAR TYR, dec. i, 3.

Note 58, page 32, col. 2.

I believe that he was chosen for this great service; and that, because he was to be so truly an apostle, as in effect he proved to be, therefore was his origin obscure; that therein he might resemble those who were called to make known the name of the Lord from seas and rivers, and not from courts and palaces. And I believe also, that, as in most of his doings he was guarded by some special providence, his very The wild cotton-tree, often mentioned in History name was not without some mystery: for in it is ex-"Cortes," says Bernal Diaz, "took possession of the pressed the wonder he performed; inasmuch as he country in the following manner. Drawing his sword, conveyed to a new world the grace of the Holy he gave three cuts with it into a great Ceiba, and Ghost, etc.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 1.

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"This country excels all others, as far as the day surpasses the night in splendor.-Nor is there a better

said

"

Ceiba.

Note 59, page 32, col. 2.

There sits the bird that speaks!

The Parrot, as described by Aristotle.-Hist. Animal. viii, 12.

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Il sert après sa mort a parer les jeunes Indiennes, people in the world. They love their neighbor as qui portent en pendans d'oreilles deux de ces charthemselves; their conversation is the sweetest imagin-mans oiseaux.-BUFFON. able, their faces always smiling: and so gentle, so affectionate are they, that I swear to your Highnesses," etc.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 30, 33.

Note 53, page 32, col. 1

Note 64, page 32, col. 2.

'Mid branching palms and amaranths of gold! According to an ancient tradition. See Oviedo Vega, Herrera, etc. Not many years afterwards a Spaniard of distinction wandered everywhere in nym-search of it: and no wonder, as Robertson observes, when Columbus himself could imagine that he had found the seat of Paradise.

-Nymphs of romance, etc. Dryades formosissimas, aut nativas fontium phas de quibus fabulatur antiquitas, se vidisse arbitrati sunt.-P. MARTYR, dec. i, lib. v.

And an eminent Painter of the present day, when he first saw the Apollo of the Belvidere, was struck with its resemblance to an American warrior.WEST'S Discourse in the Royal Academy, 1794.

Note 54, page 32, col. 1.

And see, the regal plumes, the couch of state! "The Cacique came down to the shore in a sort of palanquin-attended by his ancient men.-The gifts, which he received from me, were afterwards carried before him."-F. COLUMBUS, C. 32.

Note 55, page 32, col. 1.

The wondrous ring, and lamp, and horse of brass. The ring of Gyges, the lamp of Aladdin, and the horse of the Tartar king.

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says Herodotus, the children bury their fathers; in time of war the fathers bury their children! But the Gods have willed it so-I, 87.

Note 68, page 33, col. 1.

Cazziva.

Note 79, page 33, col. 2.

Thy reverend form.

His person, says Herrera, had an air of grandeur His hair, from many hardships, had long been grey. In him you saw a man of an unconquerable courage, An ancient Cacique, in his life-time and after his sity, ever trusting in God:--and, had he lived in anand high thoughts; patient of wrongs, calm in adverdeath, employed by the Zemi to alarm his people.—cient times, statues and temples would have been See F. COLUMBUS, C. 62.

Note 69, page 33, col. 1.

Unseen, unheard!-Hence, Minister of Ill.
The Author is speaking in his inspired character.
Hidden things are revealed to him, and placed before
his mind as if they were present.

Note 70, page 33, col. 1.

-too soon shall they fulfil.

Nor could they, (the Powers of Darkness) have more effectually prevented the progress of the Faith, than by desolating the New World; by burying nations alive in mines, or consigning them in all their errors to the sword.-Relacion de B. DE LAS CASAS. Note 71, page 33, col. 1.

When forth they rush as with the torrent's sweep. Not man alone, but many other animals, became extinct there.

Note 72, page 33, col. 2.

Who among us a life of sorrow spent.

For a summary of his life and character, see" An Account of the European Settlements."-P. I, c. 8.

Note 73, page 33, col. 2.

Signs like the ethereal bow-that shall endure.

erected to him without number, and his name would have been placed among the stars.

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Here, in His train, shall arts and arms attend. "There are those alive," said an illustrious orator, "whose memory might touch the two extremities. Lord Bathurst, in 1704, was of an age to comprehend such things-and, if his angel had then drawn up the curtain, and, whilst he was gazing with admiration,

It is remarkable that these phenomena still remain had pointed out to him a speck, and had told him, among the mysteries of nature.

Note 74, page 33, col. 2.

He stood, and thus his secret soul address'd.
Te tua fata docebo. Virg.
Saprai di tua vita il viaggio. Dante.

Note 75, page 33, col. 2.

Young man, there is America-which, at this day,
serves for little more than to amuse you with stories
of savage men and uncouth manners; yet shall, be-
fore you taste of death,' etc."-BURKE in 1775.
Note 84, page 34, col. 1.

Assembling here, etc.

How simple were the manners of the early colonists! The first ripening of any European fruit was

And dash the floods of ocean to the stars. When he entered the Tagus, all the seamen ran distinguished by a family-festival. Garcilasso de la from all parts to behold, as it were some wonder, a Vega relates how his dear father, the valorous Anship that had escaped so terrible a storm.-F. COLUM-dres, collected together in his chamber seven or eight BUS, C. 40.

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Note 78, page 33, col. 2.

Hung in thy chamber, buried in thy grave.

I always saw them in his room, and he ordered

gentlemen to share with him three asparaguses, the first that ever grew on the table-land of Cusco. When the operation of dressing them was over (and it is minutely described) he distributed the two largest among his friends; begging that the company would not take it ill, if he reserved the third for him self, as it was a thing from Spain.

North America became instantly an asylum for the oppressed; Huguenots, and Catholics, and sects of every name and country. Such were the first settlers in Carolina and Maryland, Pennsylvania and New England. Nor is South America altogether without a claim to the title. Even now, while I am writing, the ancient house of Braganza is on its passage across the Atlantic,

Cum sociis, natoque, Penatibus, et magnis dîs.
Note 85, page 34, col. 1.

Untouch'd, shall drop the fetters from the slave. Je me transporte quelquefois au-delà d'un siécie. them to be buried with his body.-F. COLUMBUS, c. 86. J'y vois le bonheur à côté de l'industrie, la douce

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