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i. How was relationship usually determined among early people? j. How did primitive man first count?

Give yourself ten points for each question which you answered correctly. What is your score?

6. Which of the steps listed in answer to No. 2 helped man secure food? Which improved his shelter? Which bettered his clothing? Which made him more secure from the dangers around him? (The same item may be given in answer to a number of these questions.) Arrange your answer under column headings as follows:

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1. "Farmer John," J. T. Trowbridge, in Vocational Reader, 35-37. 2. "Bee-Keeping," W. J. Quick, in Opportunities of To-day for Boys and Girls, 126–133.

3. "The Work of a Ranchman," H. Hagedorn, in The Joy in Work,

66-79.

4. "The Story in a Honeycomb," in Wonder Book of Knowledge, 183–

197.

5. "On the Situation, Feelings, and Pleasures of an

American

Farmer," H. St. John Crevecoeur, in The Promise of Country
Life, 15-30.

6. "A Barn-door Outlook," John Burroughs, ibid., 73-86.

7. "On the Graces and Anxieties of Pig Driving," Leigh Hunt, ibid., 114-116.

8. "Rab and His Friends," J. Brown, ibid., 127–141.

9. "The Wild-Beast Tamer," Careers of Danger and Daring, 293-347. 10. "In the Workshop of the Bees," Compton's Pictured Encyclopedia, I: 359-364.

II. "Our Sagacious Comrade and Helper, the Horse," ibid., 4: 1683– 1685; Book of Knowledge, 19: 6039-6048.

12. "The Story of Animals," World Book, 1:259–262.

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J.

D. USING NATURE'S GIFTS

1. ODE TO FIRE

One of the most impressive ceremonies of the Camp-Fire Girls is the lighting of the camp-fire. When the fuel has been arranged and the girls are seated in a circle around the pile of wood, a Torch-Bearer lights the fire. The ceremony is completed by the singing of a song or by the recitation in unison of this ode. Do you think this poem presents truly what we owe to fire?

O Fire!

Long years ago when our fathers fought with great animals, you were their protection.

From the cruel cold of winter, you saved them.

When they needed food, you changed the flesh of beasts into savory meat for them.

During all the ages your mysterious flame has been a symbol
to them for Spirit.

So to-night, we light our fire in remembrance of the Great
Spirit who gave you to us.

2. ROAST PIG

CHARLES LAMB

After you have read the first five paragraphs determine whether you think this is a true story.

Mankind, says a Chinese manuscript, for the first seventy thousand ages ate their meat raw, clawing or biting it from

the living animal. The manuscript goes on to say that the art of roasting, or rather broiling, was accidentally discovered in the manner following:

The swine-herd, Ho-ti, having gone out into the woods one morning to get food for his hogs, left his cottage in the care of his eldest son, Bo-bo, a great lubberly boy, who being fond of playing with fire, let some sparks fall into a bundle of straw, which, kindling quickly, spread the conflagration over every part of their poor mansion, till it was reduced to ashes. Together with the cottage (a sorry makeshift of a building), a fine litter of young pigs, not less than nine in number, perished.

Bo-bo was in the utmost consternation, not so much for the sake of the hut, which his father and he could easily build up again with a few dry branches and the labor of an hour or two, as for the loss of the pigs. While he was thinking what he should say to his father, and wringing his hands over the smoking remnants of one of those untimely sufferers, an odor assailed his nostrils, unlike any scent which he had before experienced.

What could it come from? Not from the burnt cottage he had smelled that smell before indeed this was by no means the first accident of the kind which had occurred through his carelessness. Much less did it resemble that of any known herb, weed, or flower. A moistening at the same time overflowed his nether lip. He knew not what to think.

He next stooped down to feel the pig, if there were any signs of life in it. He burned his fingers, and to cool them he applied them in his booby fashion to his mouth. Some of the crumbs of the scorching skin had come away with his fingers, and for the first time in his life (in the world's life, indeed, for before him no man had known it) he tasted - crackling!

Again he felt and fumbled at the pig. It did not burn him so much now; still he licked his fingers from a sort of habit. The truth at length broke into his slow understanding, that it was the pig that smelled so, and the pig that tasted so de

licious. Surrendering himself up to the new-born pleasure, he fell to tearing up whole handfuls of the scorched skin with the flesh next it, and was cramming it down his throat when his sire entered amid the smoking rafters, armed with a cudgel, and finding how affairs stood, began to rain blows upon the young rogue's shoulders, as thick as hailstones, which Bo-bo heeded no more than if they had been flies. The tickling pleasure which he experienced in his lower regions made him quite indifferent to any inconvenience he might feel on his shoulders. His father might lay on, but he could not beat him from his pig, till he had fairly made an end of it, when, becoming a little more sensible to his situation, something like the following dialogue ensued:

"You graceless boy, what have you got there devouring? Is it not enough that you have burned me down three houses with your tricks, but you must be eating fire, and I know not what; what have you got there, I say?"

"O father, the pig, the pig! Do come and taste how nice the burnt pig eats."

The ears of Ho-ti tingled with horror. He cursed his son, and he cursed himself that ever he should have a son that should eat burnt pig.

Bo-bo, whose scent was wonderfully sharpened since morning, soon raked out another pig, and fairly rending it asunder, thrust the lesser half into the fists of Ho-ti, still shouting, "Eat, eat, eat the burnt pig, father, only taste" with suchlike barbarous ejaculations, cramming all the while as if he would choke.

Ho-tie trembled in every joint while he grasped the abominable thing, wavering whether he should not put his son to death for an unnatural young monster, when the crackling scorching his fingers, as it had done his son's, and applying the same remedy to them, he in his turn tasted some of its flavor, which, make what sour mouths he would for a pre' tense, proved not altogether displeasing to him. In conclusion (for the manuscript here is a little tedious) both father

and son fairly sat down to the mess, and never left off till they had eaten all that remained of the litter.

Bo-bo was strictly ordered not to let the secret escape, for the neighbors would certainly have stoned them for a couple of abominable wretches, who could think of improving upon the good meat which God had sent them. Nevertheless, strange stories got about. It was observed that Ho-ti's cottage was burned down now more frequently than ever. Nothing but fires from this time forward. Some would break out in broad day, others in the' night-time; and Ho-ti himself, which was the more remarkable, instead of chastising his son, seemed to grow more indulgent to him than ever.

At length they were watched, the terrible mystery discovered, and father and son summoned to take their trial at Pekin. Evidence was given, the obnoxious food itself produced in court, and verdict about to be pronounced, when the foreman of the jury begged that some of the burnt pig, of which the culprits stood accused, might be handed into the box.

He handled it, and they all handled it; and burning their fingers, as Bo-bo and his father had done before them, and nature prompting to each of them the same remedy, against the face of all the facts, and the clearest charge which judge had ever given to the surprise of the whole court, townsfolk, strangers, reporters, and all present without leaving the box, or any manner of consultation whatever, they brought in a unanimous verdict of Not Guilty.

The judge, who was a shrewd fellow, winked at the manifest iniquity of the decision, and, when the court was dismissed, went privately and bought up all the pigs that could be had for love or money. In a few days His Lordship's town house was observed to be on fire. The thing took wing, and now there was nothing to be seen but fires in every direction. Fuel and pigs grew enormously dear all over the districts. The insurance offices one and all shut up shop. People built slighter and slighter every day, until it was feared that the

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