men; William Makepeace Thackeray attacked the petty vanities and insincerities of life, and with a cynical air upheld an ideal opposite as his own inmost simplicity and kindliness to the life of the men who scorn their neighbours and consider themselves worldly wise. Now, too, George Eliot in all her novels instils her own faith in "plain living and high thinking," by showing that it is well in life to care greatly for something worthy of cur care; choose worthy work, believe in it with all our souls, and labour to live through inevitable checks and hindrances, true to our best sense of the highest life we can attain. If Thomas Carlyle involves more in his condemnation of the times than may deserve his censure, his war is the true war of his century, with the host of false conventionalities that yet remain, with all that stands in the way of the work now chiefly left for us to do. Men speak," he says, too much about the world. Each one of us here, let the world go how it will, and be victorious or not victorious, has he not a life of his own to lead? One life, a little gleam of time between two eternities, no second chance to us for evermore. It were well for us not to live as fools and simulacra, but as wise and realities. The world's being saved will not save us, nor the world's being lost destroy us. We should look to ourselves: there being great merit here in the duty of staying at home. And on the whole, to say the truth, I never heard of worlds being saved in any other way. That mania of saving worlds is itself a piece of the eighteenth century with its windy sentimentalism · let us not follow it too far."

66

To these notes on the spirit of our Literature in the nineteenth century I must be content to add some indication of its substance in the form of Annals.

ANNALS.

Henry Mackenzie (b. 1745, d. 1831), The Man of Feeling, 1771. Sir Joshua Reynolds (b. 1723, d. 1792), Discourses, 1772. Edmund Burke, Thoughts on the Present Discontents, 1773. Joseph Priestley (b. 1733, d. 1804), Natural and Revealed Religion, 1774. Burke, Speech on American Conciliation; Johnson, Taxation no Tyranny, 1775. Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776. Sheridan's School for Scandal, 1777. Frances Burney, Evelina, 1778. Johnson's Lives of the Poets, 1779-1781. Hannah Cowley (b. 1743, d. 1809), The Belle's Stratagem,

TO A.D. 1804.]

ANNALS.

885

1780. Erasmus Darwin, The Botanic Garden, 1781. William Cowper, John Gilpin, 1782; The Task, 1783. Charlotte Smith, Elegiac Sonnets, 1784. George Crabbe, The Newspaper, 1785. Robert Burns, Poems (printed at Kilmarnock), 1786, (printed at Edinburgh) 1787. Edward Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, completed 1788. Gilbert White (b. 1720, d. 1793), Natural History of Selborne, 1789. Henry James Pye (b. 1745, d. 1813) succeeds Thomas Warton as Poet Laureate, 1790. Edmund Malone (b. 1741, d. 1812), Edition of Shakespeare, 1790. Elizabeth Inchbald (b. 1753, d. 1821), A Simple Story, 1791. Mary Wollstonecraft, Vindication of the Rights of Women, 1792. William Wordsworth, Descriptive Sketches, and An Evening Walk, 1793. Robert Southey, Wat Tyler; S. T. Coleridge, The Fall of Robespierre, 1794. Matthew Gregory Lewis, The Monk, 1795. Walter Scott, translation of Bürger's Leonora and the Wild Huntsman, 1796. William Gifford begins editing the Anti-Jacobin, 1797 (Poetry of the Anti-Jacobin, 1801). Wordsworth and Coleridge, Lyrical Ballads, 1798.

Erasmus

1799. Thomas Campbell (b. 1777, d. 1844), Pleasures of Hope. Robert Southey, (b. 1774, d. 1843), Poems, with Robert Lovell. Walter Scott (b. 1771, d. 1832), Translation of Goethe's Götz von Berlichingen. Matthew Gregory Lewis (b. 1775, d. 1818), Tales of Terror. William Cobbett (b. 1762, d. 1835), Works of Peter Porcupine. William Godwin (b. 1756, d. 1836), St. Leon. Richard Brinsley Sheridan, Pizarro, from Kotzebue. Darwin (b. 1731, d. 1802), Phytologia [Botanic Garden, 1781]. 1800. William Wordsworth (b. 1770, d. 1850), Lyrical Ballads, 2nd Ed. Robert Bloomfield (b. 1766, d. 1823), Farmer's Boy. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (b. 1772, d. 1834), Translation of Schiller's Wallenstein. Walter Scott, Eve of St. John. Thomas Moore (b. 1779, d. 1852), Anacreon.

1801. Robert Southey, Poems, 2 Vols. M. G. Lewis, Tales of Wonder. Dugald Stewart (b. 1753, d. 1828), Life of W. Robertson [Philosophy of the Human Mind, Vol. ii., 1792]. James Hogg (b. 1772, d. 1835), Scottish Pastorals James Henry Leigh Hunt (b. 1784, d. 1859), Juvenilia. Maria Edgeworth (b. 1767, d. 1849), Early Lessons, Belinda, Castle Rackrent. Amelia Opie (b. 1769, d. 1853), Father and Daughter. T. Moore, Little's Poems. 1802. Charles Lamb (b. 1775, d. 1834), John Woodvil, a Tragedy [Rosamond Gray, 1798]. R. Bloomfield, Rural Tales. R. Southey, Thalaba. W. Scott, Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vols. i., ii. William Paley (b. 1743, d. 1805), Natural Philosophy [Hora Paulina, 1790; Evidences, 1794'. Thomas Paine (b. 1737, d. 1809), Letters to the Citizens of the United States [Rights of Man, Part i., 1791; Part ii., 1792]. William Gifford (b. 1757, d. 1826), Juvenal in English Verse [Baviad, 1791; Maviad, 1795]. Maria Edgeworth, Moral Tales. William Lisle Bowles (b. 1762, d. 1850), Sonnets, 8th Ed. [Fourteen Sonnets, 1789]. Edinburgh Review established. 1803. W. Scott, Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border, Vol. iii. R. Southey, Tr. Amadis of Gaul. Ed. Chatterton. Charles Dibdin (b. 1745, d. 1814), Autobiography, with Words of 600 Songs. W. Godwin, Life of Chaucer. James Hogg, The Mountain Bard. Jane Porter (b. 1776, d. 1850), Thaddeus of Warsaw.

1804. W. Scott, Ed. Sir Tristrem.

R. Bloomfield, Good Tidings. Charlotte Smith (b. 1749, d 1804), Conversations [Sonnets, 1784; Emmeline, 1788]. Anna Seward (b. 1731, d. 1809), Memoirs of Darwin. James Grahame (b. 1765, d. 1811), The Sabbath. Maria Edgeworth, Popular Tales. Amelia Opie, Adeline Mowbray. Anna Maria Porter (b. 1781, d. 1832),

Lakes of Killarney. W. L. Bowles, Spirit of Discovery by Sea. Joanna
Baillie (b. 1762, d. 1851), Miscellaneous Plays.

1805. W. Scott, Lay of the Last Minstrel. R. Southey, Madoc W. Godwin, Fleetwood. Mary Tighe (b. 1773, d. 1810), Psyche. James Hogg, Pilgrims of the Sun. James Grahame, Sabbath Walks. Hannah More (b. 1745, d. 1833), Hints for the Education of a Young Princess. William Roscoe (b. 1753, d. 1831), Life of Leo X. [Life of Lorenzo de' Medici, 1795]. Sophia Lee (b. 1750, d. 1824) and Harriet Lee (b. 1756, d. 1851), Canterbury Tales, 5 Vols., 1797-1805. William. Hazlitt' (b. 1778, d. 1830), Essay on the Principles of Human Actions.

1806. S. T. Coleridge, Christabel. W. Scott, Ballads and Lyrical Pieces. James Hogg, Mador of the Moor. James Grahame, Birds of Scotland. Maria Edgeworth, Leonora, and Letters. Amelia Opie, Simple Tales. T. Moore, Epistles, Odes, &c. W. L. Bowles, Ed. Pope's Works. James Montgomery (b. 1771, d.,1854), Wanderer of Switzerland.

1807. George Crabbe (b. 1754, d. 1832), The Parish Register [The Newspaper, 1785]. W. Wordsworth, Poems, 2 vols. S. T. Coleridge, Zapolya, Sybilline Leaves. A. M. Porter, The Hungarian Brothers. Sydney Smith (b. 1769, d. 1845), Peter Plymley's Letters on the Catholics. R. Southey, Espriella's Letters, Tr. Palmerin of England. Henry Kirke White (b. 1785, d. 1806), Remains, Edited by R. Southey, 1807–1822, in 3 vols. T. Moore, Irish Melodies, 1807-1834. George Gordon, Lord Byron (b. 1788, d. 1824), Hours of Idleness. C. and M. Lamb, Tales from Shakespeare. Elizabeth Carter (b. 1717, d. 1806), Memoirs of by M. Pennington. J. H. Leigh Hunt, Dramatic Criticism, Classic Tales. Thomas Robert Malthus (b. 1766, d. 1834), Letter on Poor Laws [Principles of Population, 1798].

1808. W. Scott, Marmion. Life and Works of Dryden. R. Southey, Tr. Chronicle of the Cid. W. Godwin, Faulkner, a Tragedy. Henry Mackenzie (b. 1745, d. 1831), Works, 8 vols. Jeremy Bentham (b. 1748, d 1832), Scotch Reform. Hannah More, Calebs in Search of a Wife. Anna Letitia Barbauld, Lessons for Children. Quarterly Review established.

1809. Byron, English Bards and Scotch Reviewers. S. T. Coleridge, The Friend, June 1st, 1809, to March 15th, 1810. T. Campbell, Gertrude of Wyoming. Reginald Heber (b. 1783, d. 1826), Palestine. James Grahame, British Georgics, Africa Delivered.

1810. W. Scott, Lady of the Lake. G. Crabbe, The Borough. R. Southey, Curse of Kehama, History of Brazil. James Hogg, The Forest Minstrel. Dugald Stewart, Philosophical Essays. Jane Porter, The Scottish Chiefs. 1811. Jane Austen (b. 1775, d. 1817), Sense and Sensibility. W. Scott, Vision of Roderick. R. Bloomfield, Banks of the Wye. Leigh Hunt, The Reflector. Dugald Stewart,, Biographical Memoirs. Maria Edgeworth, Tales of Fashionable Life. David Ricardo (b. 1772, d 1823), Price of Bullion. Hannah More, Practical Piety. Mary Brunton (b. 1778, d. 1818), SeifControl. A. M. Porter, Ballad Romances. John Wilson (b. 1785, d. 1854), Elegy on J. Grahame. Isaac Disraeli (b. 1767, d. 1850), Despotism, a Novel.

1812. Byron, Childe Harold, Cantos i., ii. ; Curse of Minerva. Samuel Rogers (b. 1763, d. 1855), Poems [Pleasures of Memory, 1792]. Jane Austen, Pride ana Prejudice. G. Crabbe, Tales in Verse. R. Southey, Omniana, Attempts in Verse by John Jones. Isaac Disraeli, Calamities of Authors. Reginald Heber, Poems and Translations. J. Wilson, Isle of Palms.

TO A.D. 1820.]

ANNALS.

887

John Galt (b. 1779, d. 1839), Tragedies, &c. Joanna Baillie, Plays on the Passions, Vol. iii. James Smith (b. 1775, d. 1839), Horace Smith (b. 1772, d. 1849), Rejected Addresses. Frances d'Arblay (b. 1753, d. 1818), Traits of Nature Evelina, 1778, Cecilia, 1782]. Amelia Opie, Temper. Samuel Rogers, Poems [Pleasures of Memory, 1792].

1813. W. Scott, Rokeby, Bridal of Triermain. Byron, Waltz, Giaour, Bride of Abydos. S. T. Coleridge, Remorse, a Tragedy. Percy Bysshe Shelley (b. 1792, d. 1822), Queen Mab. W. Gifford, Ed. Massinger. James Hogg, The Queen's Wake. Barbara Hofland, Son of a Genius. J. Montgomery, World before the Flood. Southey succeeds Pye as Poet Laureate.

1814. W. Wordsworth, The Excursion. Byron, Ode to Napoleon, Corsair, Lara. Walter Scott, Lord of the Isles, Waverley. R. Southey, Roderick. W. L. Bowles, Spirit of Discovery by Sea. Jane Austen, Mansfield I ark. Leigh Hunt, Feast of the Poets. Dugald Stewart, Philosophy of the Human Mind, Vol. ii. T. R. Malthus, Effect of Corn Laws. F. d'Arblay, The Wanderer. Mary Brunton, Discipline. S. Rogers, Jacqueline. I. Disraeli, Quarrels of Authors.

1815. Wordsworth, White Doe of Rylstone; Poems with New Preface and Supplementary Essay. Scott, Guy Mannering, Paul's Letters, Field of Waterloo. Byron, Hebrew Melodies. Heber, Bampton Lectures. D. Ricardo, Price of Corn. Mrs. Opie, Simple Tales. Henry Hart Milman (b. 1791, d. 1867), Fazio, a Tragedy.

1818. Scott, The Antiquary, Black Dwarf, Old Mortality. Byron, Childe Harold, Canto iii.; Siege of Corinth; Parisina; Prisoner of Chillon. Jane Austen, Emma. Coleridge, A Lay Sermon. Southey, Pilgrimage to Waterloo, Lay of the Laureate. P. B. Shelley, Alastor, and other Poems. Leigh Hunt, Story of Rimini. John Wilson, The City of the Plague. W. Gifford, Ed. Ben Jonson. Jeremy Bentham, Chresto

mathia.

1817. John Keats (b. 1796, d. 1821), Poems. Byron, Manfred, Lament of Tasso. Scott, Harold the Dauntless; Border Antiquities, Vol. ii. (Vol. i., 1814). Moore, Lalla Rookh. Coleridge, Biographia Literaria. W. Hazlitt, Characters of Shakespeare's Plays. Mrs. Barbauld, Hymns in Prose for Children. Maria Edgeworth, Comic Dramas. Felicia Hemans (b. 1794, d. 1835), Modern Greece. I. Disraeli, Curiosities of Literature, Vol. iii. [Vols. i., ii., 1791-3]. Blackwood's Magazine established.

1818. Keats, Endymion. Shelley, Revolt of Islam, Laon and Cythna. Scott, Heart of Midlothian, Bride of Lammermoor, Legend of Montrose, Rob Roy. Byron, Childe Harold, Canto iv.; Beppo. H. H. Milman, Samor. Moore, The Fudge Family in Paris. Jeremy Bentham, Parliamentary Reform Catechism. Henry Hallam (b. 1778, d. 1859), Europe during the Middle Ages. James Mill (b. 1773, d. 1836), History of British India. James Morier (b. 1780, d. 1849), Second Journey through Persia. 1819. Wordsworth, Peter Bell. Byron, Mazeppa, Don Juan, Cantos i., ii. Crabbe, Tales of the Hall. Shelley, The Cenci, Rosalind and Helen. Thomas Hope (b. 1770 (?), d. 1831), Anastasius. Jeremy Bentham, Radical Reform. Rogers, Human Life. Bryan William Procter (b. 1790), Dramatic Scenes. James Montgomery, Greenland. Felicia Hemans, Tales and Historic Scenes.

1820. Wordsworth, The River Duddon. Scott, Ivanhoe, Monastery, Abbot. Southey, Life of Wesley, Keats, Lamia, Isabella, Eve of St. Agnes, &c. Thomas Brown (b. 1778, d. 1820), Philosophy of the Human Mind. E.

Lytton Bulwer (b. 1804, d. 1873), Ismael, an Oriental Tale. B. W. Procter. A Sicilian Story. H. H. Milman, Fall of Jerusalem, a Dramatic Poem. 1821. Scott, Kenilworth. Byron, Marino Faliero, Prophecy of Dante, Sardanapalus, The Two Foscari, Cain, Don Juan, Cantos iii., iv., v. Southey, Vision of Judgment. Shelley, Prometheus Unbound, Adonais, Epipsychidion. W. Gifford, Persius in English Verse. John Galt, Annals of the Parish, Ayrshire Legatees. Jeremy Bentham, On the Restrictive Commercial System. Letitia Elizabeth Landon (b. 1802, d. 1838), The Fate of Adelaide. 1822, Scott, Fortunes of Nigel, Pirate. Wordsworth, Ecclesiastical Sketches. Byron, Werner, Vision of Judgment, Heaven and Earth. Rogers, Italy. James Montgomery, Songs of Zion. Charles Lamb (b. 1775, d. 1834), Essays of Elia (in London Magazine). John Wilson, Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life. Thomas Lovell Beddoes (b. 1803, d. 1849), The Bride's Tragedy. H. H. Milman, Martyr of Antioch, Belshazzar.

1823. Scott, Peveril of the Peak, Quentin Durward. Byron, Don Juan, Cantos vi.-xiv.; The Island; Age of Bronze; Morgante Maggiore Tr., Canto i. Moore, Fables for the Holy Alliance, Loves of the Angels. Southey, History of Peninsular War, Vol, i. John Gibson Lockhart (b. 1794, d. 1854), Ancient Spanish Ballads. Harriet 'Martineau (b. 1802), Devotional Exercises for the Use of Young Persons. John Foster (b. 1770, d. 1843), Essays. John Wilson, Trials of Margaret Lindsay. Mary Howitt (b. 1800), The Forest Minstrel. Charles Knight (b. 1791, d. 1873), Quarterly Magazine. C. Lamb, Elia (in a volume).

1824. Byron, The Deformed Transformed. Scott, St. Ronan's Well, Red gauntlet. Southey, Book of the Church. Thomas Campbell, 'Theodric, with other Poems. C. Lamb, Elia, 2nd Series, in London Magazine. Thomas Carlyle (b. 1795), Tr. of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister. J. G. Lockhart, Reginald Dalton. Heber, Life of Jeremy Taylor. James Morier, Hajji Baba. Robert Chambers (b. 1802, d. 1871), Traditions of Edinburgh. Walter Savage Landor (b. 1775, d. 1864), Imaginary Conversations, Vol. i. 1825. S. T. Coleridge, Aids to Reflection. Scott, Betrothed, Talisman, Lives of British Novelists. Southey, Tale of Paraguay. Thomas Carlyle, Life of Schiller. James Hogg, Queen Hynde. Robert Plumer Ward (b. 1765, d. 1846), Tremaine. Moore, Memoirs of Sheridan. Henry Brougham (b. 1779, d. 1868), Education of the People.

1826. Scott, Woodstock. Elizabeth Barrett Browning (b. 1809, d. 1861), 'An Essay on Mind, and other Poems. Harriet Martineau, Principles and Practice, The Rioters. Horace Smith, Brambletye House. H. H. Milman, Anne Boleyn. Benjamin Disraeli (b. 1805), Vivian Grey.

1827. Alfred Tennyson (b. 1809), with Charles Tennyson, Poems by Two Brothers. Scott, Tales of a Grandfather, Life of Napoleon, Two Drovers, Highland Widow, Surgeon's Daughter. T. Carlyle, Specimens of German Romance. John Keble (b.1792, d. 1866), The Christian Year, Heber's Hymns. E. Lytton Bulwer (afterwards Lytton), Pelham. James Montgomery, Pelican Island. Dugald Stewart, The Philosophy of the Human Mind, Vol. iii. Moore, Epicurean. Thomas Hood (b. 1798, d. 1845), Plea of the Midsummer

Fairies.

1828. Scott, Fair Maid of Perth, Tales of a Grandfather, 2nd Series. E. L Bulwer, The Disowned. T. Moore, Odes upon Cash, Corn, and Catholics. Alexander Dyce (b. 1798, d. 1869), Ed. Peele. W. Hazlitt, Life of Napoleon. W. S. Landor, Imaginary Conversations, Vol. iii. [Gebir, 1798).