thing we assert as ours. We subjoin the sign for an adjective, as well as signs for the proper number and gender.

From this explication it may easily be understood how to express by signs all other pronouns, whether personal, conjunctive, or possessive.

Thou, thee, indicate the second person, or person to whom we are addressing ourselves; they are personal pronouns. By adding to the first pronominal sign, signs for conjunctive or possessive, and for the proper number and gender, we shall have signs nowise obscure for thee, thine.

He, she, indicate the third person, or person of whom we are speaking; they are personal pronouns. By adding to the first pronominal sign, signs for conjunctive or possessive, for number and for gender as the case requires, we shall have clear signs for him, his, her, her's.

The pronouns him, her, self, which are personal, serve also as conjunetive pronouns : ́ I will give him or her.' 'We ought to love

* ourselves with a well regulated love.' It is

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the same with and us; we will give you ;' you

'you shall give us.' In the first phrase we is personal, and you conjunctive; in the second,

you

is the personal and us the conjunctive. They, them, are personal pronouns of the third person plural. Them is conjunctive, as in this phrase, I will give them,' signifying, 'I will give to them.'

The possessive pronouns my, thy, our, your, his, her, their, admitting of no variation, are the same both when the thing loved, possessed, &c. by many is single, as in this example:- The Parisians love their king and their archbishop; and when there are several objects loved, possessed, &c. by many, as in the following, The Parisians love their curates,

We may, nevertheless, distinguish this difference by signs. In the first case we indicate the many of whom we speak by waving our hand before them; we then make the sign for possessive, and add that for singular; in the latter case, after the sign for possessive, we add that for plural.

ART. II.

Of Demonstrative Pronouns and of their appropriate Signs.

DEMONSTRATIVE pronouns are signified by approaching the end of one's finger close to the object to which they relate, or by pointing to the object without approaching

it.

This signifies this thing; that signifies that thing; but when they are both found in the same phrase, this, signifies simply this thing which I show first; and that, signifies that other thing which I show second; sometimes indeed they mean quite the contrary, because this refers usually to the proximate or latter term, that to the remote or preceding term.

ART. III

Of Interrogative and Relative Pronouns and their appropriate Signs.

THE interrogative or relative pronouns, who, which, what, that, have their distinct signs.

They are interrogative when preceded by a Q. signifying question, or when followed by a point of interrogation.

Then the word who signifies which person? I look at every one present, and ask by an interrogative gesture, such as we all naturally fall into on similar occasions, which is he or she who has done or said, &e.

Which signifies which thing? we look at every thing at once, and ask by an interrogative gesture, which is the thing (present or absent) upon which the answer is to fall. What also signifies what thing?

When which announces the necessity of chusing out of two or more objects spoken of, we must inspect them all in order to determine our answer.

When these pronouns are only relative, we lay our right forefinger upon them, and then immediately carry it to the noun substantive, or the pronoun standing for it, to which they refer.

When that is merely a conjunction placed between two verbs, it is represented by hooking the two forefingers together in the manner of a clasp.

We then inform our pupils that this conjunction governs (that is, requires after it) sometimes the indicative, sometimes the subjunctive; and of course proceed to furnish them the means of determining which of these two modes they should employ in transcribing what we dictate by signs.

That, between two verbs, governs the subjunctive, when the action expressed by the former of the two has an influence, of what