peated in the Virginia Evangelical and Literary Magazine, edited by the same gentleman,) which Dr. F. has here given us over again as if now published for the first time! This is really a little surprising, and, as it strikes us, hardly just to the memory of a man who has done more, in his day and generation, by his various writings and other labors, to raise the Presbyterian Church to its present high and honorable standing in our State, than perhaps any other person who has ever lived within its bounds. We feel strongly tempted to pursue this subject at some length; but we forbear. We are glad to see by the author's advertisement, that he has already" materials in abundance" for a continuation of the work, and though he adds that the appearance of a second volume will depend upon the favorable reception of the first, that, we think, cannot be doubted; and we shall confidently hope to have our supplemental satisfaction in due time. EDUCATION IN AMERICA. What is the enterprise and general prosperity of the Americans to be attributed to, except to their general enlightenment? The oldest manufacturers of cotton in the world are the Hindoos; labor with them is cheaper than it is in any other part of the world: yet we take the cotton that grows at the doors of their factories, bring it 13,000 miles to this country, manufacture it here where labor is so expensive, take it back 13,000 miles, and undersell the native manufacturer. Labor is dearer in America than in any part of the world, and yet we dread and fear their competition more than that of any other nation. The reason of all this is obvious. All the advantages which the Hindoo possesses are far more than counterbalanced by his intellectual inferiority to ourselves; while we dread the American, with reason, because he is, intellectually at least, our equal, and, considering the general intelligence and good conduct of the hands he employs, our superior. To what cause, except that of a decided superiority in captains and crews, can we attribute the fact that the Americans have deprived us of so large a portion of the whale fishery, as in a measure to have monopolized it? American clocks, which we now see in almost every hall and cottage, ought to set us thinking. We may be sure of this, the commerce of the world will fall into the hands of those who are most deserving of it. If political or philanthropic considerations should fail to show us the necessity of educating our people, commercial considerations will one day remind us of what we ought to have done. We can only hope that the reminder may not come too late. Enlightenment is the great necessity and the great glory of our age; ignorance is the most expensive, and most dangerous, and most pressing of all our evils.-Fraser. LINES TO WOMAN. Suggested by a Drawing, (taken from an antique gem,) of a Woman Contemplating a Household God. O Woman! whosoe'er thou art, It is not thine to rove abroad, To hear her votaries applaud, But by that dear, domestic hearth, Seek there thy proper sphere on earth, And true to HIM who placed thee there, Bid Duty's altar rise; And soar, on wings of faith and prayer, Various Intelligence. LUCIFER MATCHES. Among the many real improvements of the age we live in, few persons, perhaps, have duly reflected upon the great benefits we have derived from the invention of those small articles called Lucifer Matches. We take the following account of it from an article in Household Words (much reduced) with a slight addition from other sources. Some twenty years ago the process of obtaining light and fire, in almost every house, was nearly as rude, laborious, and uncertain as the effort of the Indian to produce a flame by rubbing two dry sticks together. The tinder-box was then the common resort of all provident house-keepers; and a troublesome thing, we remember, it was. At length, however, Chemistry opened her eyes, and saw that this contrivance might be superseded. But her first care, as usual, was to provide for the rich, leaving the poor to wait, and to shift for themselves as they could. The first chemical light-producer was a complex and ornamental casket, sold at a guinea. In a year or so, there were pretty portable cases of a phial and matches, which were thought cheap at a dollar. By and by the light box was sold for a quarter, or less. The new-light era was dawning by degrees. At length some bold adventurer saw that the chemical discovery might be employed for the production of a large article of trade-that matches, in themselves the vehicles of fire without the aid of spark and tinder, might be manufactured upon the factory system-and that so the humblest in the land might have a new and almost indispensable comfort at the very minimum of cheapness. This was the flower of the affair. When Chemistry saw that phosphorus, having an affinity for oxygen at the lowest temperature, would ignite by slight friction, and so ignited would ignite sulphur, which required a much higher temperature to become inflammable, thus making the phosphorus do the work of the old tinder with greater certainty; or when she found that chlorate of potash, by slight friction, might be so exploded as to produce combustion, she bestowed a blessing upon society that can scarcely be measured by those who have had no former knowledge of the troubles and trials of the tinder-box. The penny box of Lucifers, Congreaves, or by whatever name it is called, is a real triumph of science, and an actual advance in civilization. The crown of this triumph, however, is the practical appli cation of this happy discovery to the fabrication of the matches in factories erected for the purpose. The process in these establishments is curious. Norway deals are cut into splinters by machinery. These little pieces beautifully accurate in their minute squareness, and in their precise length of three to four inches, are made up into bundles, each of which contains 1850. Without being separated, each end of the bundle is first dipped into sulphur. When dry, the splinters adhering to each other by means of the sulphur, must be parted by what is called dusting. They have now to be plunged into a preparation of potash, according to the quality of the match. The phosphorus produces the pale noiseless fire, the chlorate of potash the sharp cracking illumination. After this application of the more inflammable substance, the matches are separated, and dried in racks. The series of movements are performed with wonderful rapidity; for in this way 200,000 matches are cut, and 2,000 boxes filled in a day, by one boy, at the wages of three halfpence per gross of boxes. Each dozen boxes is then papered up, and they are ready for the retailer. The number of boxes daily filled at one of these factories, is from 50 to 60 gross. The wholesale price per dozen boxes of the best matches is four-pence, of the second quality, three-pence. There are now Lucifer Match factories in many of our Northern cities and towns, and it is said that the Match trade of the United States is over two millions of dollars a year. A NEW PRINTING MACHINE. An account is given of a new machine, exhibited on Monday week, at Paris, that promises to throw the printing presses of the Times, hitherto the wonder of the age, into the shade. The following is a description :-"It consists of a series of latteral cylinders, and occupies little more than half the space of the American machine with which La Patrie is printed, costs less than half the money paid for that, and it is free from the cords and tapes which so frequently throw the machine out of action. The number of men employed for each of these new machines, is only three. The printing is from stereotype, not from the metallic type, and the number of copies thrown off by one machine, per hour, is 15,000. Each cylinder carries a continuous sheet equal to 2,000 copies of a journal, and each copy is cut off by the machine and folded. The paper is not damped; the impression is superior to any produced on damp paper. The stereotyping is an almost miraculous process. In the ordinary course of stereotyping, several hours are required; here it is the work of fifteen minutes. A few sheets of tissue paper are placed together, and passed upon the forms containing the types. Thus the mould is formed, the metal is passed upon it, and as soon as it is cold, the stereotypes are ready for the cylinder. Thus, the wear and tear of the type is avoided, and a fount of type will. of course, be as perfect at the end of the year as at the commencement of it. The total cost of one of these machines, ready for action, is 25,000 francs."-John Bull. CANNEL COAL OF KANAWHA. We have observed, for the last year, with considerable interest, the progress of the Cannel Coal operations in the various localities in this county, and we may now say that large quantities have been mined and shipped, and profitable returns, the sure test of industrial enterprise, have been received to such an amount as to satisfy the most extravagant expectations of the friends of this undertaking. Of the quality of the cannel coal found in this country, so far as we can learn, but one opinion prevails, and that is, that it is fully equal to the best English and Scotch cannel coals. Such, we are informed, is the opinion of Professor Locke, of Cincinnati, to whom specimens from the mines of Edward Kenna, Esq., on Coal river, were exhibited; such, also, we know, was the opinion expressed by Prof. Johnston, of Washington city, who lately visited the several mines in operation or in progress hereabouts. What, then, is to prevent cannel coal from becoming a great element of wealth to our people? Nothing that we can see, but the want of capital. The coal trade of Wheeling, Pittsburgh, and the great tributaries of the Ohio, the Monongahela and the Alleghany, has made that section of Pennsylvania what it is yet they have no advantages over us in natural resources. In truth, we have many over them. Iron ore in large quantities and of a rich quality, coal in the greatest abundance, lime, vast water power-in short, all the elements of manufacturing and mineral wealth. We are below the most dangerous points in the navigation of the Ohio, to which they are exposed; we can send our products to the Western markets at seasons of the year when freights are not only intolerably high, from the upper Ohio, but navigation frequently stopped-and yet coal privileges sell at Wheeling and Pittsburgh for sums ranging from $300 to $1,000 per acre, whilst coal lands of a vastly superior |