A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive |
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Common terms and phrases
abstract affirmed animal antecedent applied Archbishop Whately ascer ascertained assertion attributes axioms believe body called carbonic acid cause character circumstances classification coexistence color common conceive conception conclusion connexion connotation consciousness consequent considered copula deductive definition denote distinction doctrine effect empirical laws equal error Ethology evidence example exist experience expression fact fallacy feelings follow genus grounded human idea individual induction inference inquiry instance kind knowledge known language laws of causation logic logicians matter meaning men are mortal mental merely metaphysics Method of Agreement Method of Difference mind mode motion noumenon objects observation particular peculiar phenomena phenomenon philosophers possess predicate premisses principle produced properties proposition proved quadrupeds question ratiocination reason resemblance respecting result scientific sensations sense signification Socrates species substances sufficient supposed supposition syllogism term theory things thought tion true truth uniformities universal universal proposition Whewell word
Popular passages
Page 170 - The cause, then, philosophically speaking, is the sum total of the conditions, positive and negative, taken together; the whole of the contingencies of every description, which being realized, the consequent invariably follows.
Page 192 - If two or more instances of the phenomenon under investigation have only one circumstance in common, the circumstance in which alone all the instances agree is the cause (or effect) of the given phenomenon.
Page 96 - When we say, All men are mortal Socrates is a man therefore Socrates is mortal; it is unanswerably urged by the adversaries of the syllogistic theory, that the proposition, Socrates is mortal...
Page vii - Truths are known to us in two ways : some are known directly, and of themselves ; some through the medium of other truths. The former are the subject of Intuition, or Consciousness ;* the latter, of Inference. The truths known by intuition are the original premises from which all others are inferred.
Page 476 - Necessity is simply this: that, given the motives which are present to an individual's mind, and given likewise the character and disposition of the individual, the manner in which he will act might be unerringly inferred: that if we knew the person thoroughly, and knew all the inducements which are acting upon him, we could foretell his conduct with as much certainty as we can predict any physical event.
Page 173 - This is what writers mean when they say that the notion of cause involves the idea of necessity. If there be any meaning which confessedly belongs to the term necessity, it is unconditionalness. That which is necessary, that which must be, means that which will be, whatever supposition we may make in regard to all other things.
Page 261 - The process of tracing regularity in any complicated, and at first sight confused, set of appearances, is necessarily tentative; we begin by making any supposition, even a false one, to see what consequences will follow from it ; and by observing how these differ from the real phenomena, we learn what corrections to make in our assumption.
Page 91 - The maxim is, That whatever can be affirmed (or denied) of a class, may be affirmed (or denied) of everything included in the class. This axiom, supposed to be the basis of the syllogistic theory, is termed by logicians the dictum de omni et nullo.
Page 129 - When we have often seen and thought of two things together, and have never in any one instance either seen or thought of them separately, there is by the primary law of association an increasing difficulty, which may in the end become insuperable, of conceiving the two things apart.
Page 213 - We seem, therefore, to have detected the sole difference between the substances on which dew is produced, and those on which it is not produced. And thus have been realized the requisitions of what we have termed the Indirect Method of Difference, or the Joint Method of Agreement and Difference.