3. The Interrogative Form is twofold :—

a. The older and more formal question in the Present
and Past Indicative simply places the Verb before
the Nominative; as, Lovest thou me? Ask we for
flocks these shingles dry?

b. The common way of asking a question, if there
be no auxiliary, places do or did before the Nomin-
ative; as, Do I look pale? Did you see him?
If there be an auxiliary, it is simply placed first; as,
Am I looking pale? Will you take this?

4. The Negative Form is also twofold :—

a. The older and more formal way, when there is no auxiliary, places not after the Verb; as, I saw not; He opened not his eyes.

b. The common way of denying, if there be no auxiliary, uses do or did with not after it, between the Nominative and the Verb; as, I do not know him. If there be an auxiliary already in the Tense, not is inserted after it; as, I shall not see him.

Sing. 1. Ic baern-e, I burn. Sing. 1. Ic baern-de, I burned.

Example.-I ran to see him lying there.

I ran.

1. An Intransitive Verb-Strong Conjugation.

2. First.

3. Singular.

4. Past.

5. Indicative.

6. Active.

7. Of run-ran-run.

8. Agreeing with I.

9. Rule XIII.

To see.

1. A Transitive Verb-Strong Conjugation.

2. Present.

3. Infinitive.

4. Active.

5. Of see-saw-seen.

6. Depending on ran.

7. Rule XV.

Lying.

1. An Intransitive Verb-Strong Conjugation.

2. Present.

3. Participle.

4. Active.

5. Of lie-lay-lain.

6. Depending on him.

7. Rule X, (page 25.)

Note.--A Tense with auxiliaries may be parsed in two ways; thus, I may have seen may be regarded as the Perfect Potential Active of see; or we can parse may, to have, seen, as three separate Verbs.

RULES FOR THE VERB.

RULE XIII. A Finite Verb agrees with its Nominative in Number and Person; as, The man sees; I am going out.

SPECIAL RULES FOR NUMBER AND PERSON.

1. Singular Nominatives, joined by and, take a plural Verb, except when a Distributive Adjective goes before them; as, Henry, Francis, and Charles were the great monarchs of the time; but, Every man, woman,

and child was killed.

This rule does not always hold good in the English of Shakspere.

2. Singular Nominatives, joined by or or nor, take a singular Verb; as, Either the master or the pupil is to go.

Note.-If one of the Nominatives referred to in Rule 2 be plural, the Verb must be plural.

3. Collective Nouns in the Nominative Case take a Verb either singular or plural, according to the meaning; as,

The shoal of herrings was large.

The crowd were dispersing to their homes.

4. When Singular Pronouns of different persons are joined by or or nor, the Verb agrees with the first in order; as, I or he am wrong; He or I is wrong. But if either precedes the disjunction, the Verb should always be is; as, Either you or I is wrong.

RULE XIV. The Verb Be takes the same case after it that it has before it; as, Thou art the man; I knew him to be the person.

Note. This rule resolves itself into an instance of Apposition. See Rule II., page 17.

Note.-There has been much dispute as to whether It is me is good English. The similar French expression C'est moi, not C'est je, is an instance in favour of considering it so.

Several Intransitive Verbs, such as seem, become, &c., and

Passives, like is called, is considered, follow this rule; as, She seems a friend; He has become a soldier; He is considered an authority.

RULE XV. The Infinitive Mood is governed by another Verb; as, He told me to write; He loves to contradict.

Note. This Syntax arises from the fact that the Infinitive is really a Verbal Noun, and follows a Verb like its Objective.

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE INFINITIVE.

1. The Infinitive Mood is often governed by Nouns and Adjectives; as, He had a wish to learn; She is anxious to please.

2. The sign to is not used after the Auxiliaries, and such Verbs as see, hear, feel, bid, make, dare, need; as, I saw him go; He bade me come.

Note. After the Passive Voice of such Verbs the to is generally found; as, He was seen to go.

3. The Infinitive, the Imperative, and the Participle in ing are used independently; as, To speak freely, I think so; Speaking correctly, the word must be used; We shall take, say twenty, with us.

RULE XVI. The Present Participle Active has the Syntax either of a Noun or an Adjective: the Present Participle Passive is always used as an Adjective; as, The flaming signal announced the rising of the clans; The hero, undismayed by loss, continued his efforts for freedom.

SPECIAL RULES FOR THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE ACTIVE.

1. The Participle in ing of a Transitive Verb often governs an Objective Case; as, Defeating the enemy at every village, he marched through the land. Reading good books improves the mind.