Fear,

§. 95. word was heard to upbraid Ambition in his humbled hour. Byr. Maz. 2. Aber: Ambition is the best mistress to woo. Bulw. Nov. 9, 3. And through the hall there walked a jolly yeoman Appetite. Sp. 2, 9, 28. In his lap a heap of coin he (Avarice) told. 1, 4, 47. Ceremony doffed his pride. WS. The maister Cooke was cald Concoction. Sp. 2, 9, 31. Open-eyed Conspiracy his time doth take. Sh. Temp. Consumption his suit preferred. Gay 1, 47. Contentment walks the sunny glade and feels an inward bliss spring over his mind. Th. spr. 890. O softly swelling hills, on which the power of Cultivation lies, and joys the wonders of his toils. Th. I would take Desire prisoner and ransom him. Sh. LL. 1, 2. Grim Death, my (Sin's) son and foe. M. pl. 2, 804. Death hath crossed your brow with his finger WS. Ant. 33. Diet the steward was. Sp. 2, 9, 27. Digestion the kitchen clerke 2, 9, 31. Disaffection was heard muttering to himself. Shirl. 30. And let some strange mysterious Dream wave at his wings an airy stream. Milt. — I would rather be the bride of Destruction. WS. Ken. 34. the wicked enchanter, we Folly Frenzy could beget. swift he flies. Gay 1, 47. chimney reared. Longf. produce the mighty bowl. cheered by him sits at the social fire. Th. aut. 147. 18. Jealousy has fled; his bars, his bolts to the lively pipe his hand addressed. Collins. Hence labour draws his tools. Th. sum. 133. Laughter holding both his sides. M. Love, when he comes wandering to our door, is at once admitted. Shirl. 7. Withered Murder alarmed by his sentinel. Sh. Mach Knavery cannot hide himself in such reverence. Sh. Much. Leisure, that in trim gardens takes his pleasure. M. Passion holds his breath. Byr. Power has laid his rod of rule aside. WS. Revenge he threw his blood-stained sword in thunder down. Col Rancour threats his rusty knife. Sp. 2, 4, 44. Sleep give thee all his rest. Sh. Mids. Valour is a sturdy fellow. WS. IT volcanic rage. Byr. Vain-Confidence, fell. Shirl. 4.

40.

are his sworn enemy. 34. All that on
Pope. Dun. 1, 125. -Gout pleads how
Hospitality his great fires up the
Sated Hunger bids his brother Thirst
Thoms. Industry

Ere War arose in his

not seeing the way before him,

pensive winter Idleness Sp. 1, 4, etc. Byr. Joy he

Feminin sind: Affectation shows on her cheeks the roses eighteen. Pope RL. Where Beauty plays her idle freaks. T spr. 538. Charity she Bulw. Nov. 3. Chastity with blushes reddening

Cheerfulness was the hand- §. 95. Chivalry your ancient goddess.

she hath at all times a small

and low voice. WS. Pir. 18. Desolation plants her famished brood. By. CH. 1, 45. Despair extends her raven wings. Thoms. Dulness, daughter of chaos. Pope D. 1, 12. Experience her humbling, crushing, grinding lessons are yet to be learnt. Shirl. 7. Fame the enchantress. Byr. l'am. Famine with her skeleton hand. Bulw. Nov. 7, 3. The setting stars and breaking day dimmed the creation of Fancy: the wakened song of birds hushed her whispers. Shirl. 13. Fancy pours her beauties on his busy thought. Th. spr. 1097. Accuse not thy fate, she may redeem thee still. Byr. Fortune had fallen in love with you: she had decreed you the first prize. Shirl. 30. But long before had Freedom's face been veiled, and Anarchy assumed her attributes. Byr. CH. 4, 103. I have such a thirst for freedom, such a deep passion to know her and to call her mine. Shirl. 36. Where friendship full exerts her softer power. Th. spr. 1116. Glory sheds her light. Byr. 4, 147. Yet in his lineaments ye cannot trace, while gentleness her milder radiance throws along that aged venerable face, the deeds that lurk beneath. By. CH. 2, 62. And shall Grace not find means, that find her way. M. pl. 3, 228. God hath yoked to Guilt her pale tormentor Misery. Bry. And Havoc she had scarce left an uncommitted crime. Byr. Justice with her lifted scale. Pope D. 1, 52. Here young-eyed Lewdness walks her midnight rounds. Byr. CH. 1, 46. Liberty Britannia's Goddess. Pope Winds. Luxury poured out her glittering stores. Th. aut. 139. Still Memory does her vigils keep. White. But here, where Murder breathed her bloody steam. Byr. CH. 4, 142. Let me listen to Mercy as long as she is near me. Shirl. 14. You will know what to say to Malice when she comes whispering hard things in your ear. 28. Necessity he failed not Peace over the world her Pardon clad like a mother, gave The great princess Pride. Sp. 1, 5, 53. Persecution shall bite her chain. Pope. Winds. Philosophy he led her forth, daughter of heaven. Th. sum. 1532. Poetry exalts her voice to ages. Th. sum. 1740. Dame Pleasure. Sp. 1, 1, 45. — Reason tottered on her throne. WS. Ken. 2. I have

to learn in her school. WS. Pir. 13.
olive wand extend. Pope. Mess.
you her hand to kiss. Longf.

§. 95. thought till reason has often trembled on her throne. WS. Pir. 41. Religion gave her sanction to that intense animosity. Mac. 7, 21. Rebellion shall bite her chain. Pope Winds. Where Scorn her fingers points. By. CH. 1, 26. Soon as the light of dawning Science spread her orient ray. Th. sum. 1521. Reviving sickness lifts her languid head. Th. spr. 888. Beware, lest Sin surprise. thee and her black attendant Death M. pl. 547. Silence is the Queen of time. HW. 3, 390. Silence and Darkness, solemn sisters. Yo. 1. Now hath my soul brought forth her prodigy. Sh. KRb. 2, 2. This is the proper food of the Soul, and what perfects her. JBuncl. 9. Superstition when not arrayed in her full horrors. WS. Pir. 21. Treason, she sits at our feasts. WS. Qu. 10. Temperance a delicate wench. Sh. Temp. 2, 1. Shall truth fail to keep her word. M. pl. 10, 856. The well in which Truth herself is said to have dwelled. WS. Rob. 13. her weapons blunt. Pope Winds.

Vengeance

When wanton Wealth her mightiest deeds hath done. B. CH. 1, 22. 'T was his to be the mark, where Wrong aimed with her poisoned arrows. Byr. CH. 4, 39.

Manche Abstracte haben ein doppeltes Geschlecht. Discord will find her way into peaceful convents. WS. Ken. 34. Discord had beaten the ground with his stamping hoofs etc. Shirl. 19. Envy he chawed his own maw at neibor's welth. Sp. There hateful Envy her own snakes shall feel. Pope Winds. Here Folly still his votaries enthralls. Byr. CH. 1, 46. Folly holds her throne. Pope D. 1, 29. When Valour and Folly travel, Folly should bear the horn, because she can blow the best. WS. Iv. 40. Sh. KRb. 2, 2. Hope, when she to-morrow, is implicitly believed.

Cozening Hope, he is a flatterer. smiles on us, and promises happiness Shirl. 7. Hope lent her lustre

to my prospects. WS. Rob. 3. And dull, unfeeling barren Ignorance is made my gaoler. Sh.Ignorance, Night's daughter. Byr. CH. 4, 81. Plague represents his rapid power. Gay. 1, 47. Man is her destined prey. Th. sum. 1048. The ocean has his chart, the stars their map, and knowledge spreads them on her ample lap. B. CH. 4, 81. Knowledge is proud, that he has learned so much. Cowp. Amid the roses fierce Repentance rears her snaky crest. Th. And then comes Repentance and with his bad legs falls. Wisdom what is she, but the means of Happiness. Yo. Vice, that digs her own voluptuous tomb. Byr. CH. 1, 83. Vice in his high career would stand appalled. Th. wint. 353.

spr. 997.

Sh. Much.

-

Die Personification nöthigt aber den Dichter nicht immer, das §. 95. entsprechende Geschlecht eintreten zu laßen. Obgleich Sh. H. 1, 5. Lewdness und Angel als männliche, Virtue und Lust als weibliche Wesen gedacht sind, so heißt es doch: But virtue, as it never will be moved, though lewdness court it in a shape of heaven, so lust, though to a radiant angel linked, will sate itself in a celestial bed.

D. Genus der Fremdwörter.

Die Wörter, welche in das Ags. eindringen, behalten meist ihr §. 96. Geschlecht. Daher sind masculin: abbad (Abt), ancor (Einsiedler), antichrist, apostol, biscop, arcebiscop, engel, diacon, discipul, cliroc (Geistliche), munec (Monch), pâpa, preóst, sacerd (Priester), leo (Lowe); calic (Kelch), culter (Meßer), pipor (Pfeffer), port (Hafen), portic (Säulenhalle), pyt (Brunnen), munt (Berg), salm (Psalm), titul, ymn (Hymne) etc. Feminin: abbudisse, ælmæsse (Almosen), candel (Licht), culpe (Schuld), cyrice (Kirche), gimm (Edelstein), mæsse (Messe), mynet (Münze), plant (Pflanze), port (Pforte), tunica etc. Neutra: ele æl (Oel), cluster (Kloster), joc juc (Joch), meter (Versmaß), mynster (Münster), organ (Orgel), pell (Pallium), pund (Pfund), tempel.

Selten hat sich das Geschlecht geändert. 1) Ursprüngliche Femininen werden entweder masculin, wie persuc (Pfirsich), pistol (Brief), regol (Regel), box (Buchs), ancor (Anker); oder Neutra: nôn (None).

2) Ursprüngliche Neutra werden entweder masculin, wie balsam, crêda (Glaube); oder feminin, wie ôstre (Meermuschel), lilje (Lilie), palant (Pfalz), ceaster (Stadt), timpana (Pauke).

Nags. Bei Lag. behalten diese Wörter meist ihr Geschecht, doch beginnen einige, die nicht vom natürlichen Geschlecht getragen sind, zu schwanken, wie tempel, das A. 1176 fem., und B. neutr. ist. Und auch die pluralen pund-es, porz (= port-s) müßen ihr Geschlecht geändert haben. Die hier eindringenden romanischen Wörter behalten ebenfalls ihr Geschlecht. Von ihrer Bedeutung getragen sind: admiral, appostolic (pope) 29614, barun, duc, latinier (Erklärer), chevetaine etc.; ferner sind masc.: cheisil 23761, flum 1298, mahun (Götz) 230, mantel 15274, nap (Becher) 30845; fem. chapel B. 26140; neutr. senaht (Senat) 25388. Nicht erkennbar sind: canele, coriun crune, haleweie, paise, paradise, processioun, servise, conseile, contre, grace etc.

§. 96.

Im Ae. tritt auch hier das grammatische Geschlecht zurück und das natürliche ist entscheidend. Das fremde Material stellt sich dem germanischen völlig gleich.

§. 97.

Zweiter Abschnitt.

Flexio n.

Die verbale Flexion entsteht dadurch, daß die Personalpronomen an das Verb treten, mit demselben verschmelzen und nach und nach zu bloßen Endungen werden. Die Nominalflexion bildet sich auf gleiche Weise. Präpositionen oder vielmehr Postpositionen treten an das Nomen, um sein Verhältniß zu anderen Begriffswörtern anzugeben, verschmelzen mit demselben und werden zu Casusformen.

Stellt man die alten germanischen Sprachen zusammen, so treten in der substantivischen Flexion der a-Stämme folgende Casuszeichen auf.

Auffallend ist hierbei, daß dieselben Casus im Sg. und Pl. zum Theil ganz verschiedene Formen haben, während sie doch gleiche Verhältnisse bezeichnen. Diese Verschiedenheit erklärt sich, wenn ältere Formen des Sprachstammes zur Vergleichung herangezogen werden.

Zunächst hat die Bezeichnung des Numerus mitgewirkt. Der Singular nämlich bleibt unbezeichnet, der Plural wird mit s, as (? sa mit, sammt) ausgedrückt, das an die Casusform antritt.