ALLER À PIED.-1. How shall we go to the farm?-We shall walk. 2. How did you come?-I walked.

After having travelled for three hours through half-cultivated fields, we allowed our beasts to rest; we had been riding (949.) for ten hours.

1. AN;

2. ANNÉE.-1. We shall leave in two years. 2. We go to the Hague every year. 3. We have had a good year. 4. This artist will go to Switzerland next year. 5. I became acquainted with your father the second year of my stay in Holland. 6. What year is this?

1. SOIR; 2. SOIRÉE; 3. NUIT.-1. We must wait till the evening. 2. Come to-morrow evening. 3. I am going to the evening class. 4. I spent the evening in company (very likely till twelve, perhaps later). 5. In winter, evenings (nights) are long. 6. I am invited to go to a dancing party. 7. It thundered during the night. 8. How long the night appears to sleepless sorrow!

MATIN, MATINÉE.-1. I shall start to-morrow morning. 2. We went every morning. 3. I shall go and see you some fine morning. 4. What a beautiful morning! 5. You will receive your parcel in the course of the morning. 6. We have been working the whole morning. 7. He works from morning till night. 8. During the holidays, I often lie late in bed.

Jour, JOURNÉE.-1. He was firmly persuaded that the year was composed of 365 days and a quarter. 2. Days are long in summer, and short in winter. 3. I returned three days ago. 4. The day is long for an idle man. 5. We shall go and see you in the course of the day. 6. We work by the day. 7. Prince Edward in that battle did not lose sixty men. 8. They travelled by slow journeys. 9. The poor live from hand to mouth. 10. I wish you a good day (or morning).

IDIOMATICAL PHRASES.

(PAGE 343.)

3. She is hungry. 4. We ARE wrong.

5. You ARE

28.

1. I AM cold. 2. He Is warm. right. 6. His niece Is twenty years of age. 7. The poor child was afraid. 8. It is useless for you to act, you will not succeed. 9. It was in vain that John Petit spoke, he could not prevent the crime from being considered as abominable by everybody. 10. We were present at that discussion. 11. It is important to study. 12. Do you attend the classes of the university? 13. They broke their spears. 14. He broke everything to a thousand pieces. 15. We have broken a glass. 16. Whatever falls from a high position breaks. 17. I have broken with him. 18. She has at last broken the ice. 19. That treaty has been broken off. 20. He has used me ill. 21. Whom do you blame? 22. He looks vulgar. 23. He is vulgar. 24. She is lady-like. 25. That is not proper (gentlemanly, or lady-like). 26. Somebody is calling you. 27. Call at my brother's on your return. I shall call upon your father, if you do not behave better. 29. Your coat fits very well. 30. Those colours do not become her. 31. Blue and pink go well together. 32. I passionately long to see her again. 33. These poor children are dying with hunger and thirst. 34. I cannot do without my servant. 35. We shall arrive early to-morrow. 36. Take eare not to drink pure cold water when you are very warm. 37. In order to be able to work after our meals, we must breakfast or dine upon light things. 38. We have changed our clothes. 39. My uncle has exchanged all his modern pictures for a collection of paintings of the Spanish school. 40. He boasted of changing all metals into gold. 41. My Racine is incomplete; I have lost the second and fourth volume. 42. That work is only in two volumes; I shall send you the second to-morrow. 43. The wise man envies no one. 45. That baker has sup

44. Honesty is loved and admired (825.) without being envied. plied us with bread during the whole winter. 46. His house is very well furnished. 47. I have taken a furnished room. 48. Your milliner has arranged my bonnet with very pretty flowers. 49. He keeps his carriage. 50. He keeps a house. 51. He tended sheep. 52. He keeps two servants and a horse. 53. He keeps his horse upon oats and hay. 54. I shall leave Scotland in a month. 55. Leave my horse in the stable. 56. I am going to take a house, to hire a servant, &c. 57. I let my house every summer.

58. How does he

like Edinburgh? 59. I like Paris better than London. 60. Look at me. 61. You look tired. 62. She looks ill. 63. That meat looks fresh. 64. I am looking for the railway terminus. 65. My professor delivered a very fine lecture upon literature. 66. Are you fond of reading? 67. I am very busy this winter; I attend a chemistry class. 68. I shall leave England in two years. 69. When will you leave your brother? 70. You have left your watch upon the mantel-piece. 71. Throw that in the fireplace. 72. The smoke escapes through the chimney. 73. After he had given an account of his expedition at the office, the spoils of the grocer were taken into the pantry (store). 74. His boots were worn out. 75. Never use that expression. 76. That word is not often used. 77. Has your servant served you long? 78. My father, after having carried arms for many years in the service of the Spanish monarchy, retired into the town where he was born. 79. How long did he serve you? 80. This book is of no use to you, lend it to me. 81. Alas! even were I to grant you his pardon, my indulgence would be of no avail. 82. Show me that, I am

you

a good judge. 83. You do not set properly about it. 84. I caused that young lady to sing a song. 85. Have you made your pupils write an exercise? 86. I must have that done. 87. I am going to satisfy you, since it must absolutely be so. I distinctly see that with You, figures of rhetoric are useless. 88. You do not belong to this country then, friend? 89. They spend two months at a watering-place, and the remainder of the season in the country. 90. Give him a little bread. 91. Our baker makes excellent rolls. 92. As soon as I come home I set to work. 93. Life is at stake. 94. I come to hear him. 95. I have just heard him. 96. Should he hear you, he would be in a passion. 97. What do you want? 98. Do you want to go to the park? 99. I wish you to do your duty. 100. I should like to go to the country, but I have not time. 101. What does he want? beef or mutton. 102. May I ask you a question? 103. He has apologized to us. 104. She puts everybody about. 105. Do not take the trouble of going. 106. We are quits. 107. I was let off with remonstrances. 108. Well, after all his speeches, what does he mean to do? 109. I am angry with him for having behaved in that manner. 110. Can you drive? 111. I shall take my sister to the opera. 112. You will have to submit to that. 113. I cannot recover from my astonishment.-What! you have escaped! 114. I shall go to Paris, and there I shall enjoy myself. 115. What! I should have laboured all my life for so little! 116. We have met in the street. 117. Do know my music-master?-I have met him several times at my drawing-master's. 118. They met to elect a government. 119. They saw Mary and their mothers, who were coming to meet them. 120. He pretends to be ill. 121. He pretends to be intoxicated. 122. He began to imitate the cry of a little pig, which he did so well, that the whole assembly cried out-ENCORE! ENCORE! 123. We are returning from Brest, where we saw several men-of-war. 124. I expect two hundred tons of coal by a Newcastle vessel. 125. His brother is a captain (in the navy). 126. Henry is a captain in a (merchant) vessel. 127. There are many ships (of war) and merchant vessels in the harbour. 128. His cousin was a worthless fellow; he is now a cabin boy on board a brig. 129. They have gone to New Orleans by the sailing packet, but they will return by the steamer. 130. I have some shares in the Northern Railway. 131. At what o'clock does the Paris train arrive? 132. I always travel first class. 133. Last Saturday an accident happened on the line; one of the firemen was killed at the Abbeville station. 134. These engines were built in Birmingham. 135. When we are at the Boulogne terminus, you will have my boxes put on board the Folkestone steamer. 136. The guard has my passport. 137. These are the "gendarmes" and the custom-house officers; we must go to the custom-house. 138. Do not forget my travelling-bag. 139. I have found out the secret. 140. He fell from the frying-pan into the fire. (See note, p. 374.) 141. You are right, but keep your mind easy, I shall not be obliged to undertake any other journey than that of Paris. So I start to-night. 142. Keep quiet, or else I shall punish you. 143. The sultana wrote to me, with her own hand, a note badly spelt, to ask me to

come to court.

FREE EXERCISES.

Although the learners, in going through the Syntax, have received every assistance which could be desired, and should now be prepared to write the following extracts with correctness and fluency, I would advise the teacher always to read once in French the subject to be translated, and even, in their first attempts at composition, to allow the pupils to take notes, as he translates the English into French.

Another good result, and one peculiarly conducive to the pupils' acquirement of facility in expressing themselves, is obtained from the master reading aloud, in French, stories of the nature of those given at p. 10 et seq., one of the class being called upon (after the master has satisfied himself that the tale has been fully understood) to relate in French the same story as near to the original as possible. Both whilst the master reads and the pupil repeats the tale, the class might be allowed to take notes. At the next day of meeting, the pupils should bring the story in French for correction.

A Few Hints on the Manner of Translating the Free Exercises.

1. Enough of the piece to be translated should be read attentively, in order that the translator may understand the style of the original, and, as much as possible, adapt his own style to it.

2. Next, he should endeavour to translate, not merely the words, but the sense.

3. If the English sentence should happen to be idiomatic, or should contain inversions, it had better be turned into simple style, † still preserving the same meaning; and in that state be translated.

4. As English admits of more inversions and of longer sentences than French, the learner will usually find it safer and more consonant with the perspicuity of the French language, to divide the sentence, and make two in French.-(MERLET'S DICT. OF DIF.)

I. THE SULTAN AND HIS VIZIER.

We are told (825.) that the Sultan Mahmoud, by his perpetual wars abroad, and his tyranny at home, had filled the dominions of his forefathers with ruin and desolation, and had unpeopled the Persian empire.

The vizier of this great monarch affirmed, that he had learned of a certain dervis to understand the language of birds as easily as if it were his own; so that there was not a bird that could open his (725.) mouth (bec), without being understood by him.

We cannot decide whether the minister merely pretended that he knew that language, or vainly imagined that he did; we can only state that his assertion was generally believed throughout (1043.) the country; for the reader doubtless knows what credit they give to all that is wonderful in the eastern countries.

As the vizier and the emperor were one duskish evening together, on their return from hunting, Mahmoud, whose sight was keener (perçant) than his vizier's, saw two owls upon a tree that grew near a greenish (see note §, p. 244) old wall, out of a heap of rubbish (décombres).

"Do you see those birds upon that tree that grows yonder?" said the sultan, pointing

+ Unless the learner is forward enough to give the equivalent idiom in French.

to (indiquer) one of its largest branches. "I do," answered the statesman, "though I did not see them at first, and probably should not have seen them at all, had (830.) you not called my attention to them."

"Well," said Mahmoud, "perhaps they are talking to each other, and I would fain know (voudrais bien savoir) what they are saying. If I mistake not, you pretend that you can understand what birds say (879.); since you are so learned, listen to their discourse, and you shall afterwards give me an account of it."

"O prince!" said the vizier, "thou hast but to command, for thou art mighty. Power and dominion are thine (716.), but thou rulest with clemency, and dost outshine the most powerful sovereigns! Be it as thou wilt, thy slave obeys thee. Deign only to seat thyself here, and wait till he returns."

After having spoken thus, the vizier approached the tree, which he did very cautiously, and, concealing himself behind some bushes, pretended to be very attentive to the two owls. When he returned to the spot where the sultan was waiting for him: "Sire," said he, "I have heard part of their conversation, but dare not (1025.) tell you what it is."

"Why not?" said Mahmoud, who reddened with anger; for he was the most impatient of monarchs. "We are determined (note †, p. 236.), however, that you shall repeat to us word for word everything they have said. Ought not our subject to know that we do not suffer ourself to be trifled with (qu'on badine avec nous)? Speak! What have you

heard?"

"Sire," said the vizier, "thou wast ever kind to thy servant, and hadst forbearance with him; but if thou wast displeased with his account, might he not lose thy favour?" "Do not fear," said Mahmoud with mildness. "Whatever you may say, I promise you I will be indulgent. Compose yourself (se remettre), and let me hear you directly."

"You must know, then," said the vizier, "that one of these owls has the handsomest son, and the other the most lovely daughter in the world, between whom (au sujet desquels) they are now upon a treaty of marriage; because, I must tell you, their children love one another tenderly."

"Is it possible!" exclaimed Mahmoud, interrupting his minister, and laughing heartily. "And where does the daughter live? I should like to see her."- -"She lives in one of the darksome grottoes, with which the passes of the upland yonder abound," replied the minister gravely, "but she never goes out without her mother."

"This is certainly the first time I ever heard of such a thing," said the sultan. "Do you, then, pretend to say that the daughter of an owl behaves herself so coyly (avec tant de réserve), and that the manners of these birds are no less refined than ours? We give fortunes to our children, and so do they to theirs, I suppose. But go on," added he, "I am curious to know more." (1037.)

The vizier proceeded: "The father of the son, a venerable grey-headed (488.) owl, said to the father of the daughter, if I understood rightly: "Brother, I do not object to this marriage, provided our wives consent to it, and you promise to settle upon your daughter fifty ruined villages for her portion."

"How many did you say?" inquired the father of the daughter in a tone of surprise. "Fifty," answered the other. "Do I require too much?"-" Pshaw! (Bah!) you and your son undervalue yourselves," replied the former. "How modest you are! Do you forget that we are in Persia, and that numberless villages are mine? Instead of fifty, I will give my child five hundred, if you please, in addition to two hundred which are already hers. You might have gone further, and asked me even for a thousand, for I could give them, without any detriment to myself, if I were so disposed.

"My wife's father," he went on to observe, "had three daughters, and gave each of them four hundred ruined villages; for thousands were then his. He is now grown more wealthy than ever; and, between ourselves, it is his intention soon to give each of them seven or eight hundred more. God grant a long life to Sultan Mahmoud! Whilst he reigns over us, we shall never want ruined villages!"

"You are right," quoth the father of the son; "but we were indifferent to your daughter's fortune; for, though our family is not so rich as yours, still one may value one's self on one's possessions (on peut être fier de ce que l'on possède)."

66

They were going on," concluded the vizier, "priding themselves and exulting over the devastation which, they pretend, is spreading itself more and more every day. But as you were waiting for me, I durst not remain longer; for I thought you might grow impatient, and you know how much I fear to displease you."

The story says, the sultan was so touched with this fable, that he rebuilt the towns and villages which had been destroyed; reduced the taxes, with which the country was overburdened; and, from that time forward, consulted the good of his people.

II. THE DERVIS.

A dervis, travelling through Tartary, being arrived at the town of Balck, went into the king's palace by mistake, thinking it to be a public inn or caravansary. Having looked about for some time, he entered into a long gallery, where he laid down his wallet and spread his carpet, in order to repose himself upon it, after the manner of the eastern nations. He had not been long in this position, before he was discovered by some of the guards, who asked him what was his business in that place. The dervis told them he intended to take up his night's lodging in that caravansary. The guards let him know, in a very angry manner, that the house he was in was not a caravansary, but the king's palace. It happened that the king himself passed through the gallery during this debate, and, smiling at the mistake of the dervis, asked how he could possibly be so dull as not to distinguish a palace from a caravansary. Sire, give me leave to ask your majesty a question or two. Who were the persons that lodged in this house when it was first built?" The king replied, "My ancestors." "And who," says the dervis, "was the last person who lodged here?" The king replied, "My father." "And who is it," says the dervis, "that lodges here at present?" The king told him that it was he himself. "And who," says the dervis, "will be here after you?" The king answered, "The young prince, my son."-"Ah, Sire," said the dervis, " a house that changes its inhabitants so often, and receives such a perpetual succession of guests, is not a palace, but a caravansary."—(ADDISON, Spectator.)

III. A LESSON.

A friend of Dean Swift one day sent him a turbot, as a present, by a servant who had frequently been on similar errands, but who had never received the most trifling mark of the Dean's generosity. Having gained admission, he opened the door of the study, and abruptly putting down the fish, cried very rudely, "Master has sent you a turbot." "Young man," said the Dean, rising from his easy chair, "is that the way you deliver your message? Let me teach you better manners; sit down in my chair, we will change situations, and I will show you how to behave in future." The boy sat down, and the Dean, going to the door, came up to the table with a respectful pace, and making a low bow, said, "Sir, my master presents his kind compliments, hopes you are well, and requests your acceptance of a small present." "Does he?" replied the boy; "return him my best thanks, and there's half-acrown for yourself." The Dean, thus drawn into an act of generosity, laughed heartily, and gave the boy a crown for his wit.

IV. NAPOLEON AND THE BRITISH SAILOR.

Whilst the French troops were encamped at Boulogne, public attention was much excited by the daring attempt at escape made by an English sailor. This person having escaped from the depôt, and gained the borders of the sea, the woods near which served him for concealment, constructed, with no other instrument than a knife, a boat entirely of the bark of trees. When the weather was fair, he mounted a tree and looked out for the English flag; and having at last observed a British cruiser, he ran to the shore with his boat on his back, and was about to trust himself in his frail vessel to the waves, when he was pursued, arrested, and loaded with chains. Everybody in the army was anxious to see the boat, and Napoleon, having at length heard of the affair, sent for the sailor and interrogated him. "You must," said Napoleon, "have had a great desire to see your country again, since you could resolve to trust yourself on the open sea in so frail a bark. I suppose you have left a sweetheart there?" "No," said the sailor, "but a poor infirm mother, whom I was anxious "And you shall see her," said Napoleon, giving at the same time orders to set him at liberty, and to bestow upon him a considerable sum of money for his mother, observing that "she must be a good mother who had so good a son."

to see."

V.-RABELAIS, A TRAITOR.

This celebrated wit was once at a great distance from Paris, and without money to bear his expenses thither. The ingenious author being thus sharp set, got together a convenient quantity of brick-dust, and having disposed of it into several papers, wrote upon one, Poison for Monsieur;† upon a second, Poison for the Dauphin; ‡ and on a third, Poison for the

† Monsieur, employé absolument, se disait de l'aîné des frères du roi de France.

Titre que portaient anciennement les comtes de Viennois, et qui passa au fils aîné des rois de France an milieu du quatorzième siècle, époque à laquelle Humbert II céda la province du Dauphiné a Charles-Philippe de Valois. Guigues IV est le premier comte de Viennois qui ait pris ce titre (en 1140) mais on en ignore complètement l'origine; on pense seulement, et cette hypothèse est assez probable, qu'il venait d'un dauphin (dolphin) que Guigues portait dans ses armoiries. Quoi qu'il en soit les terres soumises à Guigues prirent dès lors le nom de Dauphiné.