uments and pictures, etc. (The other 300 churches of the city are mostly very uninteresting, and many of them shockingly out of repair.)

Very much of the interest of sojourn at Naples, however, will be found entirely removed from the city itself-in the lovely

Bay of Naples, considered one of the finest, in every point of view, in the world, with its great

Isle of Ischia and some other and smaller, lying at the north lip of the Bay, and the more diminutive but more beautiful

Isle of Capri, holding a similar position across the Bay from the city, at the south lip; in the aspects of

Mount Vesuvius, lying a few miles east and south of the city, in full view, and easily reached, by those who wish to make the excursion and ascent, by the short railway to Resina (where guides can be procured), thence on horseback up the mountain-side to the Hermitage, thence to the top on foot-the whole excursion and return occupying a laborious but most interesting day. The volcano may or may not happen to be in a state of eruption; but at all events, the débris, or "hash," of what it has already done, may prove to be quite sufficient, even if a stream of flowing lava should not chance to be met coming down as the tourist is going up!

(It is to be presumed that no born American, making this excursion, will need to be advised to obey the guides, keep at the windward side of the crater, and avoid tumbling into the same-in the which tumble he would be likely to illustrate Latinity on its own ground and discover the meaning of

“facilis descensus Averni," without consulting the books! Any undue exposures in this direction, as in climbing Swiss glaciers, should be left to madmen, members of the English "Alpine Club," and people who have their lives heavily insured without any proviso against suicide.)

The next excursion, also occupying one day, will be that to

Pompeii and Herculaneum, the two cities buried by an eruption of the before-named (and visited) Vesuvius, in A. D. 79 if the history of the affair is to be credited. The visit may be made either by railway, to Herculaneum first, leaving at an early hour in the morning and laying over one train there before proceeding on to Pompeii,-or by private carriage, at very nearly the same cost if a party of three or four are to make it together. The theatre, really an "amphitheatre," is the only monument enough dug out to be recognizable, at Herculaneum ; but at Pompeii there are very many curiosities, enough to occupy hours in examination-among which perhaps the most interesting will be found the House of Diomed (see Bulwer's "Last Days of Pompeii "), the Street of the Tombs, the City Gate (with the sentry-box where the soldier was found dead on duty), the City Walls, the Street of Abundance, Forum, Amphitheatre, etc. An excellent local map may be bought on the spot, with the streets and houses named, and it will be found indispensable. (A single word of warning: the propensity to carry off relics from Pompeii is very general, and visitors are very closely watched-it is not policy to make

the attempt: better buy them-genuine or counterfeit-at Naples.)

Other charming excursions may be made, if time allows, to Castellamare (very short, by railway); to Sorrento (ten miles by carriage from Castellamare); to Capri (island, very beautiful and famous resort for invalids) by boat from Sorrento; to the ruins of Pæstum; to the Grotto of Pausillippo, Sybil's Cave, Lake Avernus, Baiæ, etc.

For return northward, from Naples by rail to Rome, thence on by rail to

Civita Vecchia, unimportant place except as the sea-port of Rome; thence on by rail (with possible view of the Island of Elba lying off at the left, when passing Follonica) to

Leghorn (Italian "Livorno"), an old seaport on the Gulf of Genoa, with very little other attraction than the fact that the ships and flags of all nations may generally be seen in the harbor-that it has really a large commerce, makes millions of straw hats, and boasts a coral-fishery.

From Leghorn, if for Eastern Italy or any of the Eastern crossings of the Alps, to Florence, by

Pisa, of which the principal curiosities are the Duomo, or Cathedral; the celebrated Leaning Tower, or Campanile; and the Campo Santo, or Holy Field, a covered, colonnaded, and monumented burial-place of considerable extent, the ground formed of earth brought from Mount Calvary.

If for Western North Italy or a Western crossing, from Leghorn, by steamer (leaving every evening, up the Gulf of Genoa), *

GENOA, called the "City of Palaces," with many of those ancient abodes of the nobility in excellent preservation-particularly the Rossi, with many fine pictures; the Doria Tursi, with many reminders of Columbus (native here); the Ducale; the Reale and Pallavicini, both with fine pictures; the Spinola, Universita, etc.; handsome black-and-white marble Cathedral of St. Laurence, with many religious relics within; monument to Columbus, in the Place d'Acquaverde; fine promenades; extensive fortifications, etc.

Or, from Leghorn on by rail to Spezzia, thence diligence to Chiavari, and thence rail to Genoa.

From Genoa, by rail to Turin, if for Alpine crossing; or, by diligence, occupying two days and spending the night at Oneglia-by the

Corniche Road, one of the most beautiful in the world, literally overhanging the Gulf of Genoa, throughout almost all the route, and supplying the loveliest of sea and shore views,-to

Nice, on the Gulf of Genoa, formerly belonging to Sardinia, but now to France, with some interesting antiquities, much beauty in location, and a peculiarly soft climate, making it the paradise of invalids. Thence by rail to

MARSEILLES, for return northward through France, eastward to the Swiss or German borders, or westward and southward on the way to Spain.

SHORT TRIPS IN SPAIN.

THE most convenient way of entering Spain, from France, is from Bayonne, one of the most stronglyfortified cities in France, famous for having given birth to that deadly instrument of warfare, the "bayonet," and reached by railway from Paris by Orleans, Tours (both fine old cities, with Cathedrals and much historical interest), Bordeaux (on the Garonne, the head of the Southern French wine-trade, with beautiful quays and much commercial prosperity, a handsome Cathedral, some Roman remains, a Triumphal Arch, etc., all worth notice).

From Bayonne, by rail, to

Biarritz, within a few years made famous by its becoming the favorite sea-side resort of the Emperor and Empress of France, who have a villa (the "Villa Eugénie ") here.

By rail from Biarritz, for a very brief ride to the Spanish frontier-town of

Irun, where the division between the two countries is crossed and change of trains is made from the French Chemin de Fer du Midi (French Central Railway) to the Ferro Carril del Norte (Northern Spanish). From Irun, passing at the edge of the Pyrenees, the tourist will be principally occupied with going through tunnels (of which there are