Note IV. I cannot say if he was here, for I was absent. C. S.

Note V. -a. This elegant rose, had I shaken it less,

Might have bloomed with its owner awhile. C. S.

b. Reason holds, as it were, the balance between the passive and the active powers of the mind. C. S.

Note VI.-a. Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him.

C. S.

b. Whether he will publish his work or not is uncertain. C. S.

Note VII.-Pope does not show so much genius as Dryden in his works, but more. finish. C. S.

C. S.

Note VIII.-And, behold, it was no other than he. C. S. Note IX.-a. Neither flattery nor threats could prevail. b. Corn is not separated but by thrashing, nor men from worldly employments but by tribulation.-BURTON. Nor is in this case used without its correspondent conjunction Note X.-Tell him all terms, all commerce I deeline;

neither.

Nor share his council, nor his battle join. C. S.

SECTION DXXIX.-INTERJECTIONS.

RULE XLI.-CERTAIN INTERJECTIONS are joined with the objective case of the pronoun of the first person, and with the nominative of the pronoun of the second; as, "Ah me!" "Oh thou!" Oh or 0, in some cases, seems to stand instead of a subject and verb; as,

"O! that the rosebud which graces yon island

Were wreathed in a garland around him to twine.” "Oh that those lips had language ! life has passed With me but roughly since I saw thee last."

SECTION DXXX.-ELLIPSIS.

Ellipsis is the omission of some word or words necessary to the full construction of a sentence. It has also been called a defective mode of expression, substituted for, and originating in, one more perfect. See Section CCCCLXXX.

This figure is very common in the language, and often serves to avoid disagreeable repetition. When the ellipsis would obscure the sentence or weaken its force, it should not be admitted. definite rules can be given.

ELLIPSIS OF THE SUBSTANTIVE.

No very

1. These counsels were the dictates of virtue and the dictates of true honour. F. S. The second dictates should be omitted.

2. A taste for useful knowledge will provide for us a great and noble entertainment, when others leave us. F. S. It should be other entertainments.

3. Without firmness, nothing that is great can be undertaken, that is difficult can be accomplished. F. S.

ELLIPSIS OF THE ADJECTIVE,

1. That species of commerce will produce great gain or loss.

F. S.

2. His crimes had brought him into extreme distress and extreme perplexity. F. S. 3. The people of this country possess a healthy climate and soil. F. S.

ELLIPSIS OF THE ARTICLE.

F. S.

1. The more I see of his conduct, I like him better.

2. The gay and the pleasing are sometimes the most insidious and the most dangerous companions. F. S.

ELLIPSIS OF THE PRONOUN.

1. I gladly shunned who gladly fled from me. F. S.

2. His reputa ion and his estate were both lost by gaming. F. S.

3. In the circumstances I was at that time, my troubles pressed heavily on me. F.S

ELLIPSIS OF THE VERB.

1. The sacrifices of virtue will not only be rewarded hereafter, but recompensed even in this life. F. S.

2. Genuine virtue supposes our benevolence to be strengthened and to be confirmed by principle. F. S.

3. All those possessed of any office resigned their former commission. F. S.

ELLIPSIS OF THE ADVERB.

1. The temper of him who is always in the bustle of the world will be often ruffled and often disturbed. F. S.

2. We often commend imprudently as well as censure imprudently. F. S.

ELLIPSIS OF THE PREPOSITION.

1. Censure is a tax which a man pays the public for being eminent.

F. S.

2. Reflect on the state of human life, and the society of men as mixed with good and with evil. F. S.

ELLIPSIS OF THE CONJUNCTION.

1. No rank, station, dignity of birth, possessions, exempt men from contributing their share to public utility. F. S.

2. Destitute of principle, he regarded neither his family, nor his friends, nor his reputation. F. S.

PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES OF FALSE SYNTAX.

The pupil is expected to make the corrections, and give the Rules.

1. Neither death nor torture were sufficient to subdue the minds of Cargill and his intrepid followers.

2. Out of my doors, you wretch ! you hag !-Merry Wives of Windsor. Supply the ellipsis.

3. Believe me, the providence of God has established such an order in the world, that, of all that belongs to us, the least valuable parts can alone fall under the will of others.BOLINGBROKE. What word will you substitute for alone, and where in the sentence will you place it?

4. The earth is so samely, that your eyes turn toward heaven-toward heaven, I mean, in the sense of sky. Give the rule for forming adverbs from adjectives.

5.

We must not make a scarecrow of the law,

Setting it up to fear the birds of prey.-SHAKESPEARE.

I were flayed of flaying them I was afraid of frightening them. To fear, in the first example, and flaying, in the last, which is provincial, are examples of verbs used in a causative sense.

6. From what we can learn, it is probable that apples will be so plenty the coming autumn, that the inferior sorts will not be gathered at all. What word will you substitute for plenty, and why?

7. He that cometh unto me, I will in no wise cast out.

8. He is always master of the subject, and seems to play himself with it.

9. We enter, as it were, into his body, and become in some measure him.

10. One more unfortunate,

Weary of breath;

Rashly importunate,

Gone to her death.- HOOD.

Supply the ellipses.

How is smoking

11. Passengers are forbidden smoking in railway carriages.

parsed?

12. There are but few know how to conduct them under vehement affections of any kind. What will you substitute for them?

13. It is more than a twelvemonth since an evening lecture was commenced in this town. Name the Section in which such expressions as twelvemonth are mentioned?

14. Either, said I, you did not know the way well, or you did; if the former, it was dishonest in you to undertake to guide me; if the latter, you have wilfully led me miles out of my way.-W. COBBETT. How do you parse former and latter?

15. You are a much greater loser than me by his death.

16. Christ, and him crucified, is the head, and the only head of the Church.

17. I do not suppose that we Britons want genius more than the rest of our neighbours.

18. The first proposal was entirely different and inferior to the second.

19. Read, for instance, Junius' address, commonly called his letter to the king.

20. To the happiness of possessing a person of such uncommon merit, Charles soon had the satisfaction of obtaining the highest honour his country could bestow. Soon united the satisfaction, &c.

21. This effect, we may safely say, no one beforehand could have promised upon. 22. He is the man I want. What ellipsis is here?

23. Whom he would he slew. How do you parse whom?

24. Forthwith on all sides to his aid, was run

By angels many and strong.-Paradise Lost.

How do you parse was run? Is it used impersonally?

25. The youth and inexperience of the prince, he was only fifteen years of age, declined a perilous encounter. Is he not used instead of the relative? In old writers, he, she, and it are used instead of relatives.

26. Who would have thought of your presiding at the meeting? 27. There is a house to let in the next street. See Section DXI. 28. If I open my eyes on the light, I cannot choose but see. peculiar in this sentence?

What is there that is

29. The spread of education set the people a thinking and reasoning. parse a ?

How do you

30. What is religion? Not a foreign inhabitant, not something alien in its nature, which comes and takes up its abode in the soul. It is the soul itself lifting itself up to its Maker. Supply the ellipsis.

31. Out of debt, out of danger. Supply the ellipsis.

32. I thought to have heard the noble lord produce something like proof.

33. I have, therefore, given a place to what may not be useless to them whose chief ambition is to please. They stands for a noun already introduced; those, on the contrary, stands for a noun not previously introduced; them, in this example, is used' improperly.

34. My purpose was, after ten months' more spent in commerce, to have withdrawn my wealth to a safer country.

35. I have heard how some critics have been pacified with claret and a supper, and others laid asleep with the soft notes of flattery.

36. They that are truly good must be happy.

37. He was more bold and active, but not so wise and studious as his companion. 38. The greatest masters of critical learning differ among one another.

39. She mounts her chariot in a trice,

Nor would he stay for no advice,

Until her maids, that were so nice,

To wait on her were fitted.-DRAYTON.

40. Thank you; beseech you; pray you; cry you mercy; would it were so ; art going? Supply the ellipses in each case.

whither

Supply the ellipsis.

41. Seest how brag yon bullock bears;

So smirk, so smooth its prickled ears.-SPENSER.

42. The train of our ideas are often interrupted.

Is there a God to swear by, and is there none to believe in, none to trust to? This is barely allowable.

43. Mr. such an one was strongly opposed to the measure.

44. The sense of the feeling can indeed give us the idea of extension.

45. And though, by Heaven's severe decree,

She suffers hourly more than me.

46. The chief ruler in the United States is styled a president.

47. Let he that looks after them look on his hand;

And if there is blood on't, he's one of their band.-SCOTT.

48. No one messmate of the round table was, than him, more fraught with manliness and beauty.

How do you parse which and who in the last two passages? Are they in the nominative absolute?

With that keen appetite that he sits down ?-Merchant of Venice.

How is the second that parsed? Is it in the nominative absolute?

52. False prophets which come to you in sheep's clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.-Matthew vii. 15.

53. "There's I." "There's you." Which is the subject and which the predicate in these two examples?

54. There's two or three of us have seen strange sights. Which is the subject?

55. Vain wisdom all, and false philosophy,

Yet with a pleasing sorcery could charm.-Par. Lost, ii. 565.

What is nominative to could charm?

56. The milk-maid singeth blithe,

And the shepherd whets his scythe.-MILTON.

57. Their idleness, as well as the large societies which they form, incline them to pleasure and gallantry.

58. King James the First was seized with a tertian ague, which, when his courtiers assured him, from the proverb, that it was health for a king, he replied that the proverb was meant for a young king. * How do you parse which?

59. To be humane, candid, and generous, are in every case very high degrees of merit. 60. Nor have I, like an heir unknown,

Seized upon Attalus his throne.

61. I have read the Emperor's Charles the Fifth's life.

62. He whom ye pretend reigns in heaven, is so far from protecting the miserable sons of men, that he perpetually delights to blast the sweetest flowers in the garden of hope.

63. Some of the most sacred festivals in the Roman ritual were destined to salute the new kalends of January with vows of public and private felicity, to indulge the pious remembrance of the dead and living.

64. How is your health? How do your pulse beat?

65. In his days, Pharaoh-Necho, King of Egypt, went up against the King of Assyria, to the River Euphrates, and King Josiah went against him, and he slew him at Megiddo,, when he had seen him.-Ambiguous Syntax. To whom does he refer ?

66. Yet you, my creator, detest and spurn me, thy creature, to whom thou art bound by ties only dissoluble by the annihilation of one of us.- -Frankenstein.

67. A people that jeoparded their lives unto the death.

68. Although the conciliating the Liberalists and paralysing the Royalists occupied considerable time, he was never for an instant diverted from his purpose.-SCOTT. This use of the participle is not destitute of authority. What form, however, is preferable? 69. It is not fit for such as us to sit with the rulers of the land.-SCOTT's Ivanhoe. 70. I took the steam-boat as you.

71. One of his clients, who was more merry than wise, stole it from him one day in the midst of his pleading; but he had better have let it alone, for he lost his cause by his jest.

72. I know a bank whereon the wild thyme blows,

Where ox-lips and the nodding violet grows.

73. James used to compare him to a cat that always fell upon her legs.

74. Perhaps, too, this preponderance of what is termed fashion is with the Whig party; an assistance of very little use now to what it was when they were in a small minority, and required certain prestiges to protect them from ridicule.-BULWER. To what it was is idiomatic, but is not so much used as formerly.

45 [ENG. LANG, 27.]

CHAPTER IX.

SECTION DXXXI.-SYNTAX OF SIMPLE SENTENCES.

A SENTENCE is the expression of a thought in words.

A DECLARATIVE SENTENCE is substantially the same as a Proposition.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES are of two kinds, Direct and Indirect A DIRECT INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE is an inverted construction, in which the verb comes before the subject, and requires for an answer a direct Affirmation or Denial; as, Have you seen Henry?" "Yes." "Shall you go to York?" "No."

66

An INDIRECT INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE is always introduced by an interrogative word, as the pronoun who, the adjective which, the adverb when, and requires a specific answer; as, "Who defeated Villeroi ?" "The Duke of Marlborough." In which war? "In the French war of 1705." "At Ramillies."

"Where did he defeat him?"

An IMPERATIVE SENTENCE is an inverted construction, in which the subject follows the verb; as, " Speak ye."

An EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE expresses some passion; as,

a piece of work is man!"

"What

An OPTATIVE SENTENCE expresses a wish; as, 66 May you health and long life."

SECTION DXXXII.—THE PREDICATIVE COMBINATION.

have

A PREDICATIVE COMBINATION, as, "Russell wrote," constitutes a simple sentence in which there is a subject connected with a predicate. Whatever has already been said concerning Substantives, or words standing in the place of substantives, when used in the nominative case, relates to the predicative combination. Whatever, also, has been said concerning Verbs as agreeing with these subjects in expressing the relations of Person, Time, and Mode, relates to the predicative combination. Whatever, also, has been said concerning Adjectives, Participles, and Substantives, when used as Predicates relates to the predicative combination.

SECTION DXXXIII.-THE ATTRIBUTIVE COMBINATION.

Any notion added to a substantive, or a word standing as a substantive, for the purpose of describing it more exactly, but not asserted of it, is said to be joined to it ATTRIBUTIVELY. Thus, "The patriotic Russell wrote," or "Russell the patriot wrote," contains an attributive combination. Whatever has already been said concerning adjectives, pronouns, and substantives, when they limit the meaning of other substantives, relates to the attributive combination; as, "The wise king;" "the rising sun;" "that man;" "Macaulay