Ein sermon von dem wücher [No. 1]. D.M.L. [Woodcut.] Bezal, oder gib zinsz. [Fol. 6, front] Gedruckt und volendt durch Martinum Flach nach Christus geburt, tausent fünff hundert, un in dem zweintzigsten jar.-Strasburg. 4to. 6 leaves. Without pagination and catchwords. German letter. M. Ein sermon von dem wücher. [No. ?]. Leypss, durch Wolffg. Stöckel, 1520. 4to. B. Paulus de Middelburgo, Bishop. De numero atomorum totius universi contra usurarios.-Impressum Romæ in campo floræ per Marcellum Silber als franck artis impressoriæ magistratum, 15 kl. Maii, anno 1518, regnante Leone X. pont. max. 4to. 22 sheets, no pagination. M. Anonymous? The market or fayre of usurers. A new pasquillus or dialogue agaynst usurye, &c., translated Eyn sermon von dem wucher [No. 2]. Doctoris Mar- out of the high Almaigne, by William Harrys. Cum tini Luther Augustiner zu Wittenbergk. [Woodcut.]-privilegio-ad quinquennium. London, Steven Mierd[Fol. 16, front] Gedruckt zu Wittenbergk, durch Joan. man, 1550. 8vo. (Ames, Heber, Watt.) Grünenbergk, nach Christ gepurt tausent funff hundert un zwentzigsten jar. 4to. 4 sheets, without pagination. German letter. [Begins] Zum ersten. Ist zu wissen, das zu unsern zeyten (wilche der Apostells. S. Pauell vorkundt hatt das.... M. Ain sermon von dem wücher [No. 2]. Doctor Martini Luthers Augustiner zü Wittemberg. Bezal oder gib zinsz, dan ich beger gewinsz. Woodcut.] [Ends, fol. 17, back] Gedruckt zü Augspurg, durch Silvanum Ottmar bey Sant Ursula ckoster, anno Ic im zwaintzigsten. 4to. 17 leaves, without pagination and catchwords. German letter. Sig. c 3, back, Das ander tail dises sermons. M. Ain sermon von dem wucher [No. 2]. Doctor Martini Luthers Augustiner zü Wittenberg. Betzal oder gib tzinɛz, dan ich beger gewinsz. Ah lieber herr, beyten mir lenger. [Woodcut.] [Ends, fol. 17, back] Gedrückt tzu Augspurd, durch Jorg Nadler, als man tzalt nach der geburt Christi, M.D. und im tzwaintzigsten. 4to. 17 leaves, without pagination and catchwords. German letter. Sig. c 3, back, Das ander tail dises sermons. M. Ein sermon von dem wucher [No. 2]. [Wittenberg? 1520?] 4to. 14 leaves, without pagination. M. copy mislaid. Von kaufszhandlung und wucher. M. Luther. Wittemberg, 1524. 4to. 29 leaves. Signatures a-f in fours, g in two, and h in three. Without pagination and printer's name. Printed at Nuremberg? German letter. Sig. d 1, back, Vom wucher (No. 2); sig. f 3, front, Das ander tail vom wucher. (With two pages more than in earlier dated editions.) M. Von kauffshandlung und wucher. Martinus Luther. Wittemberg, 1524.-[Fol. 36, front] Gedruckt zu Wittemberg durch Hans Lufft. 4to. 9 sheets, without pagination. German letter. Sig. e 1, front, Vom wucher (No. 2); sig. g 4, front, Das ander teyl vom wücher. (With two and a half pages more than in earlier dated editions.) M. Vonn kauffszhandtlungen und wucher. Luther. Vitemberg, 1525. 4to. 29 leaves, without pagiMartinus nation and printer's name. German letter. Signatures a-f in fours, g in two, and h in three. Sig. d 1, back, Vom wucher (No. 2); sig. f3, front, Das ander teyl vom wucher. M. An die pfarrherrn wider den wucher zu predigen. Vermanung D. Martini Luther. [Ends] Gedruckt zu Wittemberg, durch Joseph Klug, Wittemberg, 1540. Ï540. 4to. 47 leaves, without pagination. German letter. M. An die pfarrherrn wider den wucher, zu predigen. Vermanung D. Martini Luther. Wittenberg, 1540. 4to. 29 leaves, without pagination and printer's name. Signatures a-g in fours, and one leaf. Printed at Nuremberg? German letter. Has printed marginal notes. M. Select works of Martin Luther. Translated by Henry Cole. London, 1826. 8vo. 4 vols. Vol. 4, pp. 107-111, Commentary on Psalm xv. M. De usura taxanda ad pastores ecclesiarum commone factio. Francofurti, 1554. 8vo. B. An die, so da wucher treiben und doch Christen seyn wollen. Frankf.-a-M., 1818. Andreä, gr. 8. (Kaiser, Index librorum, vol. 3, p. 608.) Hotman (François). De usuris libri duo. Lugduni, 1551. 8vo. B. Statute 5 & 6 Edward VI., c. 20:-"...be it enacted.. that from and after the said first day of May [1552]...no person, or persons...shall lend, give, set out, deliver, or forbeare any sum, or sums of money, to any person, or persons, or to any corporation, or body politic, to, or for any manner of usury, increase, lucre, gaine, or interest to be had, received, or hoped for, over and above the sum, or sums so lent, given, set out, delivered, or forborne..." F. W. F. (To be continued.) BRINLEY'S "IMPOSTURES OF WITCHES." John Brinley, Gent., although not free from superstition, saw some things more clearly than his neighbours when he published in 1680 his Discovery of the Impostures of Witches and Astrologers.* The dedication is dated from "Brockton in the County of Stafford, Novemb. 7th, 1699," and in the preface he assures us he designs nothing "but the good of my poor illeterate Country-men whom I dayly see imposed upon by such Deluders." The author testifies to the extent of the superstitious belief in witches, necromancers, and astrologers : and Afflictions, forthwith make their Applications to John Brinley, Gent., whilst not denying the possibility of bewitchment, warns them that many natural diseases are mistaken for it. Thus catalepsy "being not so common as the Measles or Countrey people forthwith cry out there's Sorcery the Small-Pox, the Tooth-ach, or the Ague, the in the case; cut off some of his hair and bring it to the Wiseman" (p. 16); "Hydrophobia is a kind of madness wel known in every Village" (p. 17); and many other diseases are named as proceeding from natural causes. The custom of passing through St. John's fire he says is yet retained Astrologers. By John Brinley, Gent. London, printed *"A Discovery of the Impostures of Witches and sold by Edward Milward, Bookseller, in Leitchfield, for John Wright at the Crown on Ludgate Hill, and 1680." 12mo. This title gives the name of a predecessor of Dr. Johnson's father. and practised amongst those of the Romish Church" (p. 32). It is disappointing, after some passages showing glimpses of vigorous common sense, to find our author arguing for the credibility of written compacts with the devil, and telling us that the Evil One "enters into the Possest thorough the Nose or Mouth or Ears, like a thin subtle Wind, or a Mouse, or some such little Animal" (p. 55). In one of the lucid intervals he writes : "It bringeth honest and innocent people into suspicion and Infamy, and the hatred of all the Neighbourhood: for thus if the Horse be sick, or the Cow dead, or the Plum-tree do not blossom kindly, some harmless old woman is suspected, all her words, postures and actions are mostly critically observed, and the most malicious reflections made of them that the envy of man can invent. So the poor creature comes to be hated and abused, and revil'd by all that know her, and that infamy shall never be wiped off her and her generation, even by her most Religious or innocent deportment of her whole life. Hence the poor woman is made miserable all her life, and her family Scandalous to succeeding Ages, through the unreasonable fears and jealousies of foolish and inconsiderate people. But this is not all; for it does sometimes happen that the suspected (though Innocent) is halled before Authority, and her life not seldom endangered, sometimes taken away."-P. 28. Yet the man who could thus expose the folly of witchcraft believed in it, and six years later wrote a "Discourse proving by Scripture and Reason and the best Authors that there are Witches." WILLIAM E. A. AXON. ·Bank Cottage, Barton-on-Irwell. JOHN HUTCHINS, THE HISTORIAN OF DORSET.I have just lighted on the enclosed letter of Mr. Hutchins, the eminent historian of Dorset, addressed to my collateral ancestor the Rev. George Bingham, Rector of Pimperne, who had given him much assistance in the work, and contributed his memoir to the second edition, in which a brief reference is made to this letter. It will not, I think, be uninteresting to certain of your readers, accompanied as it is by some memoranda of the cost of printing, &c., at that time. The "Mr. Godwin" alluded to was the Rev. Charles Godwyn, B.D., Fellow of Baliol, grandson of Dr. Francis Godwyn, Bishop of Hereford, and great-grandson of Dr. Francis Godwyn, Bishop of Bath and Wells. He was a life-long friend of Mr. Hutchins, and died April 23, 1770. He is mentioned in terms of special affection in the preface to the first edition of the History of Dorset. July 23, 1770. Dear Sir,-Some preparations for our Confirmation, y fell to my share, & a Disorder in my Eyes hindered me from answering yours. My last Advertisemt was owing to ye great Importunity of some Friends, & much blamed by others, but I cannot find it has done any harm. I go on in my Review, Sum totus illo Sed enim gelidus tardante senecta. Sanguis hebet, frigentq' effetæ in corpore vires I meant yt Subscriptions sh" be deposited in a Friend's Hands, for ye Intentions you mention, whence Mr Gough advises they shd be transferred into a Banker's hands. time to write, & lay before you ye whole of Mr Gough's I wish to see you, when I cou'd say more yn I have correspondence. Perhaps you wd be glad to Retire out of ye way of y Races. The death of Mr Godwin was a great loss to me, I My Canal of Knowledge is Cutt of, & I must live quite am Sensible I am deprived of a valuable correspondent. Stranger to y° affairs of ye literary world. I decus! I nostrum ! On ye other side you have a list of subscribers, a very Mr. G. Pitt subscribes for 10 Setts. Dr. LLoyd. Mr. Owen. Mr. Burt of Askerswell. Mr. Bankes of Kingston Hall. Mr. Weld, 10 Setts. Mr. Barker of Wareham. "With full double Potts Let us liquor our throats, And then we 'll to work, with a hoh, ho, ho, Whilst ev'ry stroke his lab'ring lungs resound." effigy. There are five saints on each side, arranged set by Mr. Marsh, junior, 1676, proves by the vertically, and distinguished severally by a nimbus chorus that the paviors in Charles II.'s time, did and the appropriate symbol, those on the right of it. The words are :— the central figure being St. Peter, St. Alban, St. John the Evangelist, St. Andrew, and St. Thomas the Apostle; those on the left St. Paul, St. Oswin, St. James the Great, St. Bartholomew, and St. Philip. The last three saints in each row are each accompanied by a male figure, devoid of any symbol or nimbus, but clothed in a long flowing robe, and bearing a blank scroll. It is to these six figures that I wish to draw attention, since, so far as I know, no attempt has hitherto been made to identify them with any persons in sacred or profane history. Now, I have lately seen a modern engraving of a portion of the brass in Lubeck Cathedral to the two bishops John de Mvl (1350) and Bvrchard de Serken (1317), consisting of a pair of subordinate figures, closely resembling in design the pairs upon the De la Mare brass. Beneath the engraving are the words, "Contre-Druck eines Propheten & eines Apostels auf dem pfeilerartigen Rahmen welcher die grossen Darstellungen der Bischöfe umschliesst" (engraving of a prophet and an apostle on the ornamental pillar-frame which surrounds the great representation of the bishops). Since the resemblance between the Lubeck and the St. Alban's brasses (both of which are Flemish) is so close in general design and in detail as to lead to the supposition that they are both by the same hand, it seems permissible to apply the same principle of interpretation to corresponding portions of each, and thus we arrive at the conclusion that the hitherto unidentified figures represent prophets. Now, in Dr. J. M. Neale's Medieval Hymns and Sequences, second edit., p. 156, there is given a table, taken from mediaval sources, of the apostles and prophets, arranged in pairs, by reference to which the particular prophet associated with any one of the apostles can at once be ascertained; and by its help we find St. John the Evangelist coupled with Daniel, St. Andrew with David, St. Thomas the Apostle with Hosea, St. James the Great with Isaiah, St. Bartholomew with Haggai, and St. Philip with Joel. Thus, if my method of interpretation be correct, the puzzle may be looked upon as solved. R. R. LLOYD. St. Albans. THE PAVIOR'S "HOн."-It used to be stated in elementary works on natural philosophy and animal mechanics, that when a man by using violent muscular exertion compressed his chest, the air being thus suddenly forced out through the larynx caused him to cry out involuntarily hoh, or hah; and it was said that paviors, when at work with their rams, illustrated this. That paviors when at work did this is certain. Thomas Duffett, in his poem entitled The Pavier's Song, EDWARD SOLLY. CHARLES II.-I beg to forward copies of letters LETTERS WRITTEN BY OLIVER CROMWELL AND addressed respectively by Oliver Cromwell and King Charles II. to my ancestor Thomas. Knyvet, Esq., of Ashwelthorpe, co. Norfolk. transcribed from copies made between forty and They are fifty years ago from the originals, which were then in possession of my uncle, Robert Wilson, Lord Berners, of Didlington Hall, Norfolk. At that time they were in the hands of my father, the late Rev. George Wilson, Vicar of Didlington, who lent them for inspection to Mr. Dawson Turner, a well-known archaeologist then living at Yarmouth; but though, I believe, repeatedly asked for, they were never returned, on the plea that they could not be found. I think it probable they may have been sold amongst his other curiosities at his death; if so, wherever they are, they are the rightful property of the present Baroness Berners. I existence as they are interesting family relics. should like much to know whether they are in found in Carlyle's Life of Cromwell. Whether that I may add that Oliver Cromwell's letter is to be book was published before or after the loss of the letters I cannot say, but I think after: I wonder whether Mr. Carlyle knows anything about it. Letter written by Oliver Cromwell to Thomas Knyvet, Esq., of Ashwelthorpe, co. Norfolk. thing I have done, nor ask any favor for any service I "Sir,-I cannot pretend to any interest in you, for any may do you; but because I am conscious to myselfe of a readiness to serve any gentleman in all possible civilities, I am bold to be beforehand with you to ask your favor on the behalfe of your honest poor neighbours of Hapton, who as I am informed are in some trouble and are likely to be put to more by one Robert Browne, your tenant; who, not well pleased with the way of those men, seeks their disquiet as he may. "Truly nothing moves me to desire this more than the pittie I bear them in respect of their honesties, and the trouble I hear they are like to suffer for their consciences, and however the world interpret it, I am not ashamed to solicit for such as are any where under a pressure of this kind, doing herein as I would be done by. "Sir, this is a troublesome age; and the anger seems to me to be the worse, when the ground is difference of opinion; which to cure, to hurt men in their names, persons, or estates, will not be found an apt remedy. "Sir, it will not repent you to protect these poor men of Hapton from injurie and oppression, which that you would is the effect of this letter. "Sir, you will not want the grateful acknowledgements nor utmost endeavours of requital from your most humble servant, OLIVER CROMWELL. "1646, July 27, London. For my noble friend Thomas Knyvet, Esq., at his house of Ashwelthorpe, Norfolk, these.' Letter written by Charles II. to the same Thomas Knyvet. “This bearer hath informed me of the grate affection "Breda, 27 April, 1660. and zeal, you have expressed for my service; and of the endeavours you have used to promote my interest; for which I give you hearty thanks, and hope the time is at hand, that I shall receive the fruit of your labours, and that you may receive my thanks more avowedly than it is yette safe for you to do. I am very glad you have put your country into so good a position, and I hope you will be so imitated by others, that we may all attayne the end we desire; without effusion of blood, and by such a universal consent, as may more manifest the wonderful mercy of God to the nation. "You shall always find me to be E. Dereham, Norfolk. "CHARLES R." ROLAND WILSON. "No IRISHMEN NEED APPLY."-As a pendant to the rubric of "No Scotchmen need apply (ante, p. 306), I subjoin a very apposite clause, inserted, it appears, in John, which granted the royal chapelry and deanery an original charter of King of Penkridge in this county to the Archbishop of Dublin and his successors, with a corresponding We are inhibition as to natives of the sister isle. at liberty to discuss this king's motives, and to refer the clause to his preference for the greater stability of the English character or to a spiteful resentment felt by him against the Irish generally, for which see Mr. Green's observations in his first volume of the History of England; or, if we can accept this writer's view as to the ability which characterizes this wicked king's public conduct, we may fancy it here displayed in getting rid of the class of objectors who, as appears from the Parliamentary Rolls, afterwards protested loudly against the diversion of English rents, &c., to alien priories.* A patent of the fourteenth year of Henry III., pt. ii. memb. 4, is to the following effect : Canons of Pencric' greeting.-Forasmuch as by inspec"For the Bishop Elect of Dublin.-The King to the tion of the charter of the Lord John, the king our father, Archbishop of Dublin, it appears unto us that he granted which he caused to be made unto H, formerly to the same archbishop, and to his successors the archbishops of Dublin who should not be Irishmen, the deanery and foundation (ordinatio) of the church of Pencric', of which grant we were not aware when we conferred the John, who resigned that deanery, and of which deanery deanery aforesaid on our beloved clerk Richard de St. we quitted claim to the venerable father Lelect of Dublin, according to the tenor of the charter notwithstanding the (vow of) obedience which you have aforesaid of the same our father: we command you that, made to the aforesaid Richard, you render canonical according to the custom of your Church. and due obedience to the elect aforesaid as to your dean "Tested by the king himself at Basingstoke on the 14th day of April, in the 14th year of his reign." Stafford. T. J. M. the NAMES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.-As a by twenties-at so much a score. Churchdown. [See ante, p. 283, for "The Local Weights and Measures of Cheshire."] GISTERS.-I send literal transcripts of some rather *But the real reason rather seems the trouble occa- Henry de Loundres, Archdeacon of Stafford (ibid.). quaint entries of burials which I have lately met with in two of the parish registers of Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, and which, if I mistake not, are worthy of admission into "N. & Q.": 1746-7. January 24. A Maid from Jn° Hampton's. 1747. April 24. An Inphant from the Work house. 1755. March 7. Elizabeth a Stranger. 1759. June 7. Mr Edward Timbrell, Sen', who died Friday, June the 1st, and has left behind him 6 children, and has buried eight. 1759. October 10. William, son of Mr Taylor, the Cook. 1767. August 6. A Stranger. [There are very many similar entries.] 1768. November 6. A child of a Stranger. 1772. March 14. A Soldier's Wife. 1785. September 22. William Sheffnell, a Stranger. 1793. August 10. Benjamin Charlwood, of Walton, a Player. 1794. January 24. A Strainger's Child. 1794. May 18. A Strainger, B. B. 1795. January 26. A Private of the 113th Regt. 1795. June 1. A Child of Nicholls, B.B. 1796. April 13. A woman with the small Pox. 1796. June 6. A blind man, a stranger. 1805. August 21. John Hale, Serv' to the Archbishop of Canterbury. 1805. December 26. Tho Gray, Esq. 1810. January 21. Thomas Princott, Servant to 1806. July 15. Benjamin Trindal, Small Pox. Romeo Hamilton, a Negro. Henry, son of Elizabeth. 1810. January 30. The foregoing are curious, and certainly do not say much for the care of the clergyman or his clerk. The registers, however, contain many important particulars. They date from November, 1558, and are sixty-three in number. With the exception of a period of nearly twenty-three years (from July 15, 1653, to June 4, 1676), they are continuous to the present date, and, generally speaking, they are in good condition. ABHBA. LITHOGRAPHED SERMONS.-The following is worthy of a place in "N. & Q." It is from Southey's Common-place Book, and seems somewhat apt when we clergy are now so much pestered with offers of "Original MS. lithographed (!) sermons at 13s. 6d. per quarter," from Bristol and Poets, extracts from Flatman:- "When on my sick bed I languish, "Pope has done something Still young and fine, but what is still in view W. G. paper I observe it stated that the family of MontMONTGOMERY OF BRAIDSTANE.-In a weekly gomery of Tyrella is "descended from the Braidstane line of the noble house of Eglinton." There is no proof whatever of any such connexion, for the origin of the founder of the Tyrella family has never been more than conjectural, there being no documentary evidence of the assumption. Some Genealogist a careful analysis of the claim to the years ago there appeared in the Herald and descent in question, which left little to be said; and that nothing could be said in refutation cf this adverse analysis must be inferred from the Sexaginta Conciones ad Fidem et usum Christiana Had there been any documentary evidence forthsilence of those who propounded the pedigree. religionis spectantes, novis typis accurate Manuscript. in imitantibus Mandatæ, a Presbytero Ecclesiæ Anglicana coming it is reasonable to suppose that it would compositæ veneunt apud Ostell, Ave-Maria Lane, Lon-have been noticed in subsequent editions of the elsewhere :- "[An Every-day Advertisement in 1849.] dini. Pretium 31. "Hæ conciones aptantur ad omnes Dies Dominicas totius Anni, et ad Occasiones tam speciales quam consuetas. Prostant venales, simul sub involucro sigillato cui inscribitur Sexaginta Conciones, &c.Courier, Saturday, May 9, 1807." There was no excuse, as a rule, in those days for sermons "ready made and to order" for "the overworked clergy," which is, I believe, now the plea for this lithographed-may I be very vulgar and call it-rot. R. C. S. W. for there are no data. All rests upon conjecture, Landed Gentry. The fact is there is no argument, and the Scotch records fail to show any such descent. S. running along a village street, it is a sure sign A DEVONSHIRE BELIEF.-If a hare is seen that a fire will shortly break out in the place. CUTHBERT BEDE. Gen. ix. 16. |