up a heap of stones in my garden, and then had the stable manure thrown over the heap till the interstices of the stones were pretty full. Here we planted our Jerusalem artichokes, and, more in their own interests than in mine, they flowered. The blossom was sun-like, and, as we thought, proved a true turnsole, looking the sun immodestly in the face, while they must have felt conscious of all the while cheating me out of my expected crop at their roots. This charming little tuber is best eaten with breadcrumbs and anchovy. TREGEAGLE. FLORAL CHIEF RENTS (5th S. ix. 367, 497; x. 16, 77, 115.)—The manor of Stretton, Rutland, which at the time of the Norman survey belonged to Judith, Countess of Huntingdon, passed from her to the Segraves, who held it of the Crown by the service of one clove gilliflower. CUTHBERT BEDE. "Both Scots and Southern chiefs prolong in French, and in that language tristement never means "stedfast." I still retain the opinion I expressed in 1871 (4th S. viii. 277), that the words so commonly attributed to Froissart were never written by him, nor by any old French author, but are altogether of modern invention. JAYDEE. ACTORS WHO HAVE DIED ON THE STAGE (4th S. xi. 14, 63, 126, 338; xii. 26, 317.)—Allow me to add to the notes which have already appeared on this subject two instances from Australia. As will be seen, in neither case did the death actually occur on the stage, although in the first the injury which eventually caused it was received behind the scenes, and in the other it occurred on the road to the theatre. Mr. Joseph Charles Lambert, an actor for forty years, during twelve of which he resided in Australia, died at Wells, Norfolk, on April 30, 1875, in the seventy-second year of his age, the cause of ST. GEORGE (5th S. viii. 447; ix. 189, 209, 349, death being disease of the heart. In what are 417, 495; x. 39.)—I imagine the date of the Lay known as "old men's parts" he had no superior in of the Last Minstrel to be lat in the reign of this part of the world, and although one, the late Henry VIII., not in the reign of Edward VI. Do Mr. Rogers, was quite his equal, the two stood so not the following lines prove this?— much above the general average as to make it certain that a long time must elapse before we look upon their like again. In a letter written to a friend in the city shortly before his death, and after the nature of his complaint had been thoroughly established, Mr. Lambert said his disease originated in the old Royal years ago. I was playing in a drama called Fazio the part of a miser. I had placed in my doublet for concealment a bag of gold (pebbles), just over the region of the heart, when Henry Edwards came up to me, and in a kind and playful manner said, 'My dear old friend, how are you?' at the same time striking me directly on the pebbles, driving them right on to the heart. I nearly fainted, and ever afterwards suffered great pain." K. P. D. E. LENGTH OF A GENERATION (5th S. ix. 488, 518; x. 95, 130.)—I scarcely feel that it is worth recording, but my maternal grandfather was born in 1713, temp. Queen Anne, exactly one hundred years before my birth, and he died in 1803. His daughter, my mother, was born in 1763, and died in 1851. Therefore should I, most improbably, live to attain either of their ages, the three lives will have run over about 190 years. My mother, it will be observed, was fifty at my birth. ALFRED GATTY, D.D. ST. DUNSTAN'S-IN-THE-WEST (5th S. x. 112.) Why is A. J. M. so displeased with the tower of St. Dunstan's-in-the-West? And what does he mean by "sham Gothic"? I always heard that it was copied from a church in York. Cunningham, in his Handbook of London, says St. Helen's, not All Saints', and I know that St. Helen's has an octagonal lantern. How can A. J. M. believe that any sane man would set up in London a copy of one of the church towers of York, and seek to avoid detection? The architect in this case was Mr. James Shaw, the well-known and respected designer of the new hall of Christ's Hospital. D. J. "LES ANGLOIS S'AMUSAIENT," &c. (5th S. x. 48, 136.)-Mr. Mortimer Collins seems to have forgotten that Froissart wrote not in English but * Mr. John Dunn was an actor of even longer standing than Mr. Lambert. His role, however, was low comedy and burlesque. As a young man he was the second "Jim Crow," and rivalled Rice, the original impersonator. One of his specialties was the delineation of negro character and eccentricities, before the modern Ethiopian serenader was developed. About twenty years ago he came to Australia, where, with the exception of one professional visit to the United States, he ever afterwards resided. On the night of August 17, 1875, he was on his way from his residence at Carlton, one of the suburbs of this city, to the Prince of Wales's Opera House, where he was engaged in the after-piece, when he was observed to fall, and upon being picked up was found to be in an The old Theatre Royal, Melbourne, destroyed by fire April 20, 1872, since replaced by the new Theatre Royal. apoplectic fit, from which he shortly afterwards expired in the sixty-eighth year of his age. Melbourne, Australia. 66 J. B. I believe the road through the Wyche is the Salt Way, a very ancient road running westward from Droitwich and the salt country. GWAVAS. "TIRLISED" (5th S. x. 68.)—The meaning of this word, as used by Smellie, is simply "trellised"; it is given as tirlest" by Jamieson. Most of us know the old-fashioned book-case with the brass trellis-work in the locked front frame. W. T. M. Reading. No doubt trellised. J. T. M. WEATHERLEY FAMILY (5th S. viii. 9; ix. 394.) ARMS ON OLD CHINA: SIR G. YONGE (5th S. ix. 487; x. 75, 114.)—Roberts, in his introduction to the Diary of Walter Yonge, published by the Camden Society in 1848, says he (Sir George Yonge) "resigned the office of Master of the Mint in 1799, upon his embarking as Governor of the Cape of Good Hope"; and, further, He had fallen under a cloud, owing to some defalcation at the Cape of Good Hope." The old seat of the Yonges is situate close to my house. This Sir-Having a Prayer Book, printed at Oxford by George died in great indigence at Hampton Court in 1812, and was brought down and buried very privately at Colyton. The "honour" of representing Honiton appears to have ruined him. The vault gave way in which he was buried during a heated vestry meeting assembled over the burialplace, the chairman, a heavy individual, disappearing underground. The writer of this took the brass coffin-plate off his (Sir George's) leaden coffin, and, having cleaned it, affixed it against the wall above. W. H. H. R. "THE WYCHE" (5th S. x. 87.)—I do not think MR. MAYHEW is right in saying "the word is often used in these parts [Worcestershire] to indicate where there is a salt spring." The largest saltworks are at Stoke Prior. The word "wich," or "wyche," has not been applied there. There is a popular superstition that where the word "wich" is in a place name it means there a salt spring; But it does not, though the error is an old and influential one, and houses where salt was kept have been and are called "Wych houses." So the roads to salt-works were called Wyche roads. The ancient road from Wales and Herefordshire to Droitwich was through the cut at the top of Malvern Hills, now called the Wyche, and derived its name from being the Wyche road, either as a contraction of Droitwyche (the old spelling) or from giving to the most remarkable spot on the road-the word associated with the article sought for. WILLIAM GIBSON WARD. Ross. There is a small farm bearing this name near Macclesfield, in Cheshire. There is a small stream running close by it, but whether from a salt spring or not I cannot tell. W. M. B. Thomas Baskett, Printer to the University, 1752, It is as "Isabella da. of Edward Oswald Weatherley, Esq", of Garden House in the County of Durham, m. James Taylor, Esqre, son of Commander Taylor, R.N., of Horton issue Edward James, b. April 24th, 1858, and Grace Bell, Grange in the County of Northumberland, and had b. July 22nd, 1859, d. 2nd Nov. 1870." I bought the Prayer Book for a small sum at Newcastle-on-Tyne Market, about three years ago. Barrow-in-Furness. JOHN HOWE. SLANG PHRASES (5th S. ix. 263, 398; x. 17.)GEN. RIGAUD asks me whence I derive the slang phrase "stone jug" for a prison. I answer him that it is one in common use in Dublin, especially in the low slang songs of that city (vide also The As for tronk as a Cape or even Hollandische slang phrase, it bears Slang Dictionary, p. 311). its explanation on the face of it. A wooden tronk being a receptacle for articles of value which should be kept carefully locked up, a brick or tion is of value to society at large, does not require stone receptacle for tramps or thieves, whose isolamuch imagination to conceive. Grose calls the latter a "stone doublet" (p. 157). H. HALL. Lavender Hill, LOCAL PROVERBS, &c., OF BERWICKSHIRE (5th S. ix. 483; x. 33.)-The result of Mr. Henderson's labours in this field was printed at Newcastle-onTyne for the author in 1856, under the title of The Popular Rhymes, Sayings, and Proverbs of the County of Berwick, with Illustrative Notes, by George Henderson, Surgeon, author of Winter Rhymes, &c. (184 pp.). A. C. MOUNSEY. Jedburgh. PIN WELLS (5th S. x. 8, 96.)-One of these is at Sephton, Lancashire, called St. Helen's Well, after the patron saint of the parish church. I was trying its virtues last Sunday (August 4). It is now a stone reservoir, in and out of which the water perpetually flows. Very few pins were then Stretford, Manchester. EMBLEMS OF THE PASSION (5th S. ix. 261, 411, 513; x. 118.)-Is not the Prince of Wales's crest (the plumes) derived from one of these emblems, the nails? The three nails are sometimes painted in the form of the three feathers. HENRY F. PONSONBY, Lieut.-Gen. CARLYLE'S DIFFICULTIES AS AN AUTHOR (5th S. x. 88.)-There are at least three versions (differing slightly in detail) of the story about the destruction of the MS. of the French Revolution. The late Thomas Aird, in The Old Bachelor in the Old Scottish Village, second edition, Edinburgh, 1857, p. 262, gives it as follows: "Thomas Carlyle lent the first volume of his French Revolution in MS. to a friend to read. By some strange neglect it was left exposed, and a stupid servant lighted the fire with it one morning. Not a scrap of a first copy had been preserved; and five weary months did Carlyle drudge, rewriting what had been already consummated with that buoyant enthusiasm in which words are born along with the thoughts. None but a mind of the firmest texture could have got on as he did. I saw him in Dumfriesshire, his native county, breathing himself after his heavy toil. He thought, however, that his second copy was better than his first, and was reconciled to what had happened." AN EPITAPH: "A LEGAL NIGHT OF TWENTY YEARS" (5th S. x. 88.)-The "legal night" in this epitaph means that for twenty years the subject of it was under the law (dreaded the terrors of it) on account of sin before he became converted-the law of which St. Paul speaks when he says, "I had not known sin but by the law," and "Ye are not under the law, but under grace." It is an adaptation of the second verse of the celebrated epitaph which the Wesleys placed upon the tombstone of their mother (I omit the first and fourth verses):— "True daughter of affliction, she, Inured to pain and misery, Mourn'd a long night of griefs and fears, The Father then reveal'd his Son, Him in the broken bread made known; And found the earnest of her heaven." 66 I conjecture that the "legal night" as to which MR. BOUCHIER seeks information belongs to the department of theology rather than to that of law. The subject of the inscription was probably a member of some Evangelical" community, and could give -after the manner of Mr. Wesley and his followers-the day and hour of his "conversion." The "legal night" of twenty years would represent then the spiritual state of the deceased previously to his conversion, while the terrors of "the law still held him in bondage. The Isle of Wight fifty years ago, in the days of Mr. Legh Richmond, The story is repeated (evidently copied) with was one of the sacred spots of Evangelicalism, and little alteration by Mr. Samuel Smiles in Self-inscriptions of this kind are likely to be as common Help, pp. 55, 56; and the following slightly dif- there as they are in other places similarly conferent version is given in a little brochure, Thomas ditioned-notably in Beckenham, Kent, the scene Carlyle, the Man and Teacher, by David Hodge, of the labours of the late Dr. Marsh. M.A. Edinburgh, published in 1873 (London, Houlston & Sons), p. 14: EDWARD H. MARSHALL. 66 I should judge that this epitaph was composed by or for a Calvinist or Antinomian of the "deepest dye." "The legal night of twenty years" probably refers to the time when he thought it necessary to his salvation to keep the precepts of the Decalogue. When he was enlightened," or converted, he doubtless found that he had needlessly troubled himself about leading a strict life, for "by the deeds of the law shall no man living be justified." Of course, I am putting the case from his own point of view. W. M. B. I hazard the speculation, though with considerable doubt, that the allusion may be to the statutory period of limitation to a judgment. A simple contract debt can be barred by effluxion of time in six years. A contract of record (as, for instance, a judgment) runs for twenty. S. P. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. The Life of Sir Martin Frobisher, Knight: containing a Narrative of the Spanish Armada. By Rev. Frank Jones. (Longmans & Co.) THE author of this volume believes that the reputation of Frobisher has been thrown into the shade by the fame of Hawkins and Drake. We shrink from sharing in this belief. The renown of Drake may exceed that of all the other sea-captains of great Eliza's reign, but Frobisher's name is certainly as well known as that of Hawkins. In some respects, indeed, Frobisher's virtues excelled those of any of his companions. For fifteen years he kept to his purpose of sailing his ship "by the West to the East"; thrice did he force his way through snow and ice into the Straits called after his name. Of the existence of the North-West passage he was thoroughly convinced; to establish the accuracy of his conviction was the aim of his life. In this conception there was nothing mean or sordid. He cared not one jot for the treasures of the Spanish carracks, and never turned from his purpose for the pursuit of gain. Even his regard for his companions and his affection for his wife and children were crushed out of his heart by the scheme of the North-West passage. Very touching is the petition of poor Isabel Frobisher, starving in lonely want at Hampstead, "having not to relieve herself," but obliged to receive "her children's children of her first husband." The voyages of Frobisher brought misery on all concerned in them. Michael Lock (a member of a family eminent in civic history and national enterprise) was reduced to utter ruin, and the fate of Lock's associates was like unto his. It was the victory over the Spanish Armada that brought honours and money to the bold Benbow of the sixteenth century. The oft-told tale of the defeat of the Spanish fleet is retold by Mr. Jones, but the narrative lacks the freshness of novelty attaching to the voyages to the Arctic regions. The volume is pleasantly written, but it lacks an index; and a table of contents is but a poor substitute for such a deficiency. The Revolt of the Women. A Free Translation of the Lysistrata of Aristophanes (acted at Athens B.c. 411). By Benjamin Bickley Rogers, M.A. (Bell & Sons.) MR. ROGERS won his spurs in the field of Aristophanic scholarship many years ago by an admirably executed edition and translation of The Clouds; that he followed up with a still better one of The Peace; and that by a better again of The Wasps. The present version of the Lysistrata lacks the text and notes, and is not complete, as we need hardly say, for who would dare to put it forth if it were? It is, however, full of the highest intelligence and scholarship, and, what is still more important in a poetic translation, of fine metrical instinct. We have seldom had to notice a more thoroughly satisfactory rendering of a classic work into English verse. paraphrases whereby certain essential passages, difficult to retain, are retained, and the method of re-compacting the disjecta membra of a play which it is absolutely impossible to offer to a modern audience in its entirety, seem equally praiseworthy; and it is difficult to say whether Mr. Rogers would come off better in a comparison of his plot as it stands with that of the Greek or by taking some of the choicest passages and examining their workmanship side by side with that of Aristophanes. Certainly he has managed to give the flavour of the arch-comedian with remarkable success; and all that we can regret is that human nature nineteen centuries after Christ has become so thoroughly degenerate The in its self-consciousness that it cannot be permitted to read what the élite of its representatives could witness on the stage unshamed 411 years before Christ. STATISTICS OF LIBRARIES.-The secretaries of the Library Association are compiling a list of all the libraries in the United Kingdom, and have already noted some 1,400, a number which will be greatly increased. An application for statistics having been addressed to 800 or 900 of the most important, it is hoped thus to collect a body of valuable information for the benefit of those interested in library work. Answers are requested to all or any of the following questions, which are applicable to every description of library used or owned by a number of persons, coming, therefore, more or less, under the title of public libraries:-1. Name and address of the library; if any branches. 2. Free or subscription (amount). 3. General character of the library. 4. Names of the librarians. 5. Date of establishment and references for its history. 6. Total number of volumes and number of yearly additions. 7. Yearly circulation; number of readers or subscribers. 8. Annual income and expenditure; endowment, if any; salaries of librarians (optional). 9. Days and hours of admission; limit of age, if any. 10. What catalogues are used? print or MS.? Library buildings and appliances, when noteworthy. 12. Bibliographical or other curiosities. Reports or other publications will be also thankfully received by the secretaries of the Library Association, Mr. H. R. Tedder, Librarian of the Athenæum Club, Pall Mall, S.W., and Mr. E. C. Thomas, 13, South Square, Gray's Inn, W.C. 11. THE Library Association of the United Kingdom will hold its annual meeting at Oxford on October 1, 2, and 3, under the presidency of the Rev. H. O. Coxe, Bodley's Librarian. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. "THOUGH LOST TO SIGHT TO MEMORY DEAR."-In reply to many correspondents, papers on this line will be found in "N. & Q.," 1" S. iv. 405; 3rd S. vi. 129; viii. 290; 4th S. i. 77, 161; vii. 56, 173, 244, 332; xii. 156, 217; also ante, pp. 106, 134. L. P.-The poetical satire, On the Abuse of Satire, was written by Isaac D'Israeli in 1789, and was directed against John Wolcot ("Peter Pindar"). See Adams's Dictionary of English Literature. X.-See Dyer's British Popular Customs (Bell & Sons), p. 176. RES FACTA. Have you consulted any dictionaries of painters? OMEGA. Hamlet, Act v. sc. 1. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. HEDGES & BUTLER RUPTURES.-BY ROYAL LETTERS PATENT. 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