LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 17, 1878. CONTENTS. — N° 242. religion is computed at 260 persons. The extreme rigour that was adopted to establish Papacy, served entirely to abolish it, as the people seemed more terrified into the of Mary gave them an opportunity of following the practice than to follow it by inclination: and the death doctrine that pleased them best. As the catalogue of martyrs that suffered in this 1. Iohn Rogers, burned Feb. 4 in Smithfield. NOTES:-"The History of the Gunpowder Plot," 121-Clerical Wigs, 123-The Law written in the Heart-A Papal Brief-Receipt for Making or Keeping the Mouth Small, 124 -Skeffington's "Heroe of Lorenzoe"-The Old Walls of Dublin - Divorce-"Hamir," 125-A Song, "The Conservative"-Rodney's Letters-"God save the Queen"-The Lollards' Tower-Torpedoes-Death of a Centenarian-Cure for Whooping Cough, 126. QUERIES:-San Stefano-Balliol College, Oxford-"A Dictionary," &c.-"The Gentleman's and Connoisseur's Dic tionary of Painters "-"Admirable History of a Magician" -"The Leather Bottèl"-R. B. Sheridan-Sir W. Scott and the Kilt-Theatrical Tooth Powder, 127-"Knocked into cocked-hats"-The "Louis d'or "-Derby Square, DublinIndian Dinner Services-The Strength of Truth-"Novell": "Mariol"-Henry Roberts, 128-Basing House, HantsAuthors Wanted, &c., 129. REPLIES:-Funeral Armour, 129-Length of a Generation, 5. Tho. Tomkins, b. March 16 at Smithfield. 130-Divination " per tabulas et capras," 131-Punishment 6. William Hunter, b. March 26 at Burntwod. in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century, 132-Kit's Coty 7. Tho. Higbed, b. eodem die at Horndon. House, 133-Dean Swift-"Noblesse oblige The First King of Abyssinia-"Though lost to sight"The Gresham S. Thomas Cawston, b. eodem die at Rayly. Grasshopper, 134-Pope's Essay on Criticism"-" Upon 9. William Piggot, b. March 28 at Braintree. content"-Farwell Family-Wakes in Cheshire-Spinning 10. Stephen Kuight, b. eodem die at Mauldon. Terms-Watch-case Verses-"King by your leave"-The 11. Iohn Lawrence, b. March 29 at Colchester. English in India, 135-" Les Anglois," &c.-" Give peace in 12. D. Farrar, Bish. of S. Dauids, b. March 30 at Carour time "-" Cold as charity "-Uhlan-"Vincent Eden "Gorkerel "-The "New Catalogue of Living Authors ""Cucklen wretch," 136-" Viewy "-Public-house SignsPopular Legal Fallacies-Sheldon Hall-Amen Corner, 137"In Memoriam"- Baldwins, Counts of Flanders-A "Coincidence" in the "Pickwick Papers -"The darkest hour is that immediately preceding the dawn"-Corston Church, Somerset-"Between you and I"-Authors Wanted, 139. Notes. "THE HISTORY OF THE GUNPOWDER PLOT," &c. I have lately read a somewhat rare book, entitled "The History of the Gunpowder Plot: with several Historical Circumstances prior to that Event, connecting the Plots of the Roman Catholics to reestablish Popery in this Kingdom. Digested and Arranged from Authentic Materials by James Caulfield. (12mo., with portraits.) London : Printed by N. Biggs, Crane Court, Fleet Street, for Vernor & Hood, 31, Poultry. 1804." It contains lists of persons who suffered death (when and where) on account of religion in the reigns of the queens of England, Mary and Elizabeth. As many readers may probably not have seen any such lists, I beg to give a copy of the two articles (with the numbers added), viz. :— Mary the First.-The first use Mary made of her power was to displace all Protestant preachers, and supply their places with zealous Papists. She next commissioned Bonner, Bishop of London, with other Catholic priests, to examine such persons as were suspected of heresy, in denying the tenets of the Catholic Church; and the punishment inflicted on those convicted of this pretended crime was burning alive. Many of the highest character in the Church suffered by the flames, particularly Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury; Ridley, Bishop of London; Latimer, Bishop of Worcester; Farrar, Bishop of St. Davids; Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester; and many of inferior dignity in the Church, besides an immense quantity of private persons: the whole of which, in this reign, that suffered death for marthê. 13. Rawlins White, b. eod. fe. temp. at Cardiffe. 18. 1o. Simson, b. June 10 at Rochford. 20. Tho. Hawkes, b. June 10 at Coxhall. Iohn Tovley digged out of his graue, and b. eod. fe. 22. Nicholas Chamberlaine, b. June 14 at Colchester. 23. Thomas Osmund, b. June 15 at Mâningtree. field. 27-30. Ioh. Bland, Io. Frankesh, Nicholas Sheterden, 33. Christo. Waide, b. July 19 at Rochester. 38. George Tankerville, b. Aug. 26 at S. Albons. 41. Rich. Hooke, b. eodem mense at Chichester. 48. Ely. Warne, b. eodem mense at Stratf. Bow. 49. Robert Smith, b. eodem mense at Vxbridge. 50. Steph. Harward, b. eodem mense at Stratf. Bow. 51. Thomas Fust, b. eodem mense at Ware. 52. Wil. Haile, b. eodem mense at Barnet. 53. Wil. Allen, b. eodem mense at Walsingham. 54. Roger Coo, b. mense Sept. at Yexford. 55. Thomas Cobbe, b. mense Sept. at Thetford. 56-60. Rob. Streater, George Catmer, Anth. Burward, Geo. Bradbridge, and Iames Tutty, b. eodem mense at Canterbury. 61-62. Io. Goreway and Tho. Hayward, b. eodem mense at Litchfield. 63-64. Rob. Glouer and Cornelius Bougey, b. Sept. 20 at Coventry. 65-66. Bishop Ridley and Bish. Latimer, b. Oct. 16 at Oxford. 67-68. Wil. Wolsey and Robert Piggot, b. eodem die at Ely. 69-71. Iohn Webb, George Roper, and Gre. Parke, b. Nouem. 30 at Canterbury. 72. Io. Philpot, Archdeacon, b. Dec. 18 in Smithfield. 80-84. Iohn Lomas, Anne Abbright, Ioane Catmer, Ioane 86-88. Iohn Spicer, Wil. Cobberley, and Io. Maundrell, 89-90. Ioane Trunchfield and Agnes Potten, b. eodem mense at Ipswich. 1556. 91-92. Iohn Harpoole and Ioane Beech, b. Aprill 1 at 93. Iohn Hulliar, b. Aprill 2 at Cambridge. 100-105. Christopher Lyser, Io. Mace, Iohn Spencer, 106-107. Thomas Drury and Thomas Crooker, b. May 5 at Gloucester. 108-109. Hughe Lauerhoke and Ioh. ap Rice, b. May 15 at Stratford-le-Bowe. 110-113. Katherine Hull, Ioane Horns, Eliz. Thackvelt, and Margery Ellis. b. May 16 in Smithfield. 114-116. Tho. Spicer, Ioh. Denny, and Edmund Poole, b. May 21 at Beckleys, in Suffolke. 167-168. Io. Philpot and Thomas Stephens, b. in Jan. at Wye. Martine Bucer and Paulus Phagius bones digged vp and with their bookes bur., also Peter Martyrs wives bones remooved and buried in a dunghill, Feb. 16 at Cambridge. 1557. 169-174. Tho. Loseby, Henry Ramsey, Tho. Thirtle, Marg. Hyde, and Agnes Stanly, b. Aprill 12 in Smithfield. 175-176. Rich. Sharpe and Tho. Hale, b. May 7 at Bristow. 180-186. Ione Brabridge, Wal. Apleby, and Petronell his 204-205. Simô Myller and Elyzab. Cooper, b. July 13 at 216. Rich. Crashfield, b. Aug. 5 at Norwich. 219. Tho. Benyon, b. Aug. 27 at Bristow. 226. Ioyce Lewis, b. eodem mense at Litchfield. 117-120. Tho. Harland, Ioh. Oswald, Tho. Auington, and 123. Thomas Moore, b. June 26 at Leicester. Wye, Wil. Halliwel, Tho. Bowyer, George Searle, 140-142. Iulius Palmer, Io. Gwyn, and Thomas Askine, 150. Ioane Wast, b. Aug. 1 at Darby. 159-164. Wil. Waterer, Steph. Kempe, Wil. Hay, Tho. 165-166. Ni. Final and Mat. Brabridge, b. Jan. 16 at Ashford. 233-234. Iohn Rough and Margery Mearing, b. Dec. 22 1558. 241-243. Hugh Fox, Iohn Dennish, and Cuthbert Sim- 244. Wil. Nicholne, b. Aprill 9 at Hereford. 248-250. Wil. Harris, Richard Day, and Christian George, 251-255. Henry Pond, Raynold Eastland, Robert 256. Richard Yeoman, b. July 10 at Norwich. 263-266. Iohn Cooke, Robert Myles, Alex. Lane, and 267. Thomas Bembridge, b. eodem mense in Winchester Diocese. 268-269. Alex. Gowch and Alice Driuer, b. Nouem. 4 at Ipswich. 270-273. Phil. Humfrey, Iohn David, Hen. Dauid, and a woman named Preest, b. eodem mense at Exceter. 274-278. Iohn Corne ford, Christopher Browne, Io. Herst, Alice Snoth, and Cathe. Knight (alias Tynley), being (as sayth M. Fox) the last that suffered in Queen Maries Raigne, were b. Nouem. 10 at Canterbury. The article "Elizabeth" will be given in another communication. CLERICAL WIGS. D. WHYTE. The first wig on record was put by Michal on the head of the image which personated David, "posuit super lectum et jecur caprarum posuit ad caput ejus" (1 Sam. xix. 13, 16). A wig is more appropriate than "pillow" (A.V.). "It was a simple image of a man's head, such as we now use for blocks whereon to comb our perukes." The hair was fine and of the same colour as David's (Patrick's Commentary), and laid on the bolster. Cyrus marvelled at the painted face and the false hair, the Median fashion, worn by Astyages (Cyrop., 1. i. c. iii.). Hannibal had a wardrobe of wigs by way of disguise. Horace mentions "altum caliendrum" (Sat., lib. i. viii. 48). Martial speaks of the galericulum (Epigr., xiv. 50, iv. 4). Suetonius alludes to the galericulum of Caligula (Vita XII. Cæsar., c. 14), Nero (c. 26), and Otho, "capiti propter raritatem capillorum adaptato et annexo (lib. vii. c. 12). Tertullian inveighs against "enormitas capillamentorum in galeri modum quasi vaginam capitis et operculum verticis" (De Cultu Fœminarum). Ovid says that the hair was imported from Germany : " "Nunc tibi captivos mittet Germania crines Culta triumphatæ munere gentis eos." Council of Rome in 743 proscribed it under pain of excommunication at the time of mass, under the authority of St. Paul. In time, however, the amice, barret, mitre, skull-cap, and hood were permitted, except at the most solemn parts of divine service. To this day the cap is still carried in choir by cathedral clergy. In France canons were forbidden to celebrate in the peruque. In 1668 licences to use it were issued by the Pope or bishops, but in 1688 it was forbidden in the diocese of Albi. At length the peruque was tolerated if it had the mark of the tonsure, like the wigs of our judges bear a coif. The wig probably dates in France from the time of Louis XIII., and the periwicke or periwig (a corruption of "perruque ") was imported from France in the reign of Charles II. in lieu of the love-locks of the Cavaliers. In France the first innovating priest was called "le patriarche des ecclésiastiques imperruques." Its supporters in England wrote a book called Absalom, which attributed the young man's death to his want of the wig, which Bailey well explains as a cap of human hair worn by men." Cranmer let his hair grow over the tonsure, and wore a beard. In the time of Elizabeth the ruff and beard were worn, and after the Restoration the wig and small mustachio, in all these cases following the laity. Charles II., however, forbade "robustious periwig-pated fellows" (as Shakespeare would have called them as well as actors) at Cambridge to wear this lay appurtenance, which his father had used in 1623 on his journey to Spain. Tillotson is the first prelate represented in a wig. The moustache and beard Juvenal also accuses Messalina (Sat., vi. 120) of of the earlier part of the century had disappeared. wearing a toupee: "Nigrum flavo crinem abscondente galero." In 1281 Archbishop Peccham forbade the clergy the use of "infulæ aut tenæ coram prælatis aut coram populo." In church these "infula" were coiphe coifs, alba fasciola sacerdotalis capitis: tenæ, extremitates dependentes diversorum colorum," but they might wear them at night (Lyndw., lib. iii. tit. i. p. 120) or on a journey (Const. Othob., tit. vi. p. 88). The monks of Canterbury and Peterborough wore caps in choir during winter time by a special privilege. Hoods and pilei were allowed to be worn by the clergy. At Exeter in 1343 the caps were black. At St. Paul's the "pilleum duplicatum' was used, and at Chichester and Sarum the vicars wore caps but not hoods. In 1343 we find the clergy condemned because they wore "barbas prolixas, et crines intonsos, extensos quasi ad scapulas, cum furrurâ vel sandalo [thin Cyprus silk] revolutos et reversatos" (Wilkins, ii. 703). The Sacramentary of St. Gregory forbade any covering for the head of the clergy in church except they were infirm, and the [* How about Egyptian sculptured wigs?] " The Bishop Butts at Ely has a flowing wig, but at a THE LAW WRITTEN IN THE HEART.-We learn from Plutarch that Lycurgus would not have his laws committed to writing because, as he affirmed, the principal provisions in them, and those which were most conducive to the public benefit, being written in the hearts of their youth by a sound education, and by a uniform and habitual practice of them, becoming in time a second nature, would consequently supply in them the place of both a law and a lawgiver for the rest of their lives. He says also that in the Rhetra there is express prohibition against this practice. How like is this to what St. Paul says, speaking of the heathen world: "Which show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the meanwhile accusing or excusing one another" (Rom. ii. 15). This, to say the least of it, is a curious and striking coincidence; for we know from his own writings that St. Paul was well informed in the manners and customs of the ancients, especially the Greeks, whence it is not improbable that this prohibition of Lycurgus might have been known to him. It is beyond dispute also that the training of the conscience was what, in his code of laws, Lycurgus specially kept in view. Eschylus, in his Prometheus Vinctus, 11. 788-9, has a notion very much like it, though with a reference quite different : Σοὶ πρῶτον, Ἰοῖ, πολύδονον, πλάνην φράσω, ἣν ἐγγράφου σὺ, μνήμοσιν δέλτοις φρενῶν. "Io, to thee first I will relate my devious and troubled wanderings, which do thou write deeply on the retentive tablets of thy mind." Patching Rectory. EDMUND TEW, M.A. A PAPAL BRIEF.-In early times, when princes desired to found a university, they commonly made previous application to the Pope to issue a bull for granting the foundation and its privileges (Karl von Raumer, German Universities). The Pope, as head of all the faithful, declared it his duty to do all in his power to promote the prosperity of learning, by which the glory of God is spread abroad, and the true faith, law and justice, and human happiness are promoted; therefore he willingly authorized the foundation of a university studium generale, as prayed for, and granted it all the privileges of universities already existing From this and the following brief it would appear that before 1482 the dissection of corpses was not practised in medical schools. See Magazin vor Aerzte, published by E. G. Baldinger, vol. ii. p. 1068, about 1778. "Julianus, miseratione divinâ, episcopus Sabiniensis, dilectis in Christo, rectori, doctoribus, ac scolaribus universitatis studii generalis oppidi Tybingen, Constantiensis diocesis, salutem in Domino. Ex parte vestrâ fuit pro positum coram nobis quod vos, uti docti et experti in arte medicinæ officiamini, cupitis corpora sive cadavera merita ultimo supplicio per justiciam secularem tradi nonnullorum malefactorum, quibus propter eorum decontigerit, morte subsecutâ, de loco ubi vitâ functi erant, recipere, ipsaque corpora sive cadavera, secundum medicorum canones et praxin scindi et dismembrari facere, idque vobis minime permittitur, absque sedis apostolicæ fecistis humiliter nobis super hiis per sedem eandem dispensatione, seu licenciâ speciali. Quare supplicare maximè provideri. Nos igitur, auctoritate domini papæ, cujus penitentiariæ curam gerimus, et de cujus speciali mandato super hoc vivæ vocis [agimus ?] recipere, ipsaque secundum canones et praxin homines scindi et dismemveris existentibus præmissis, liberam concedimus faculbrari facere possitis et valeatis vobis, tenore præsentium, tatem, ac vobiscum super hiis maxime dispensamus; proviso ut condemnatos homines postquam scissi et dismembrati fuerint, prout tales sepeliri consueverunt, sepeliri faciatis. Datum Romæ, apud sanctum Petrum, sub sigillo penitentiariæ iiij non. Aprilis, pontificatus domini Sixti papæ iiij, anno undecimo, veneris. "L.S., Seraphini." Legend of seal, "Sigillum officii sacræ penitentiariæ apostolicæ." medical faculty at Tubingen (Würtemberg). Original, on parchment, in the archives of the Washington, D.C. G. A. M. RECEIPT FOR MAKING OR KEEPING THE MOUTH SMALL.-The proverb, "Live and learn," received an amusing exemplification in my own case yesterday (Aug. 3). I was reading a feuilleton in the French Figaro of July 31, when I came across the following sentence in the description of a beautiful bêtement étroites, rêve des demoiselles de la rue young girl: "Elle n'a point une de ces bouches du Sentier qui passent une heure chaque jour à répéter petite pomme." Until yesterday I had been totally unaware of the existence of any artificial method for the production of that coveted attraction, a small mouth; and then, all at once, without the least effort or research upon my own part, I was not only made aware of the existence of such a method, but was put in possession of the actual receipt, which, it appears, for an hour a day. There were ladies in the room, consists in the repetition of the words petite pomme and I immediately communicated the receipt to them, thinking that it would be much more valuable to them than to me, especially as I wore a moustache. But judge of my horror when I discovered that I had only made an exhibition of my that it was no new thing to her, that her grandown ignorance. One of the ladies declared at once mother had very early put her in possession of a similar receipt, from which she had derived great benefit, and that the words she had found so useful were miminy, piminy. And, indeed, these words seem to me better adapted for the purpose *In my plan of Paris I find a Rue du Sentier leading out of the Boulevard Poissonnière. Is this the street? and, if so, is it noted for one or more girls' schools? than the French ones, inasmuch as they contain along the rear of houses in Little Ship or Sheepe Street, Kennedy's Lane, and Back Lane (old Rochelle Street), where at Corn Market they joined the New Gate or Old Black Dog Prison, of which all traces are now lost, except perhaps a few old foundation walls in Lamb Alley. They then ran south to the Liffey, at or near Wormwood Gate, and the neighbourhood of Meeting House Yard or Cook Street may afford still some traces of them. There were none of any kind on the north side of the Liffey or any east of the Castle, although that end of the city was quite open to the inroads of [In Dickens's Little Dorrit, Mrs. General addresses to the Wicklow Byrnes and O'Tooles, who often Amy Dorrit the following remarks: "Father is rather harried the more fashionable neighbourhoods of vulgar, my dear. The word Papa, besides, gives a pretty Rathmines, Rathgar, Ranelagh, and Cullenswood; form to the lips. Papa, potatoes, poultry, prunes, and while the locality still called the Bloody Fields, prism, are all very good words for the lips; especially near Miltown, preserves the traditionary memory prunes and prism. You will find it serviceable in the of Black Monday, March 30, 1299, when five formation of a demeanour, if you sometimes say to yourself in company-on entering a room, for instance-hundred Dublin burgesses were massacred by these Papa, potatoes, poultry, prunes, and prism, prunes and wild tribes while a-pleasuring in this delightful prism."] neighbourhood, with all "their pretty chickens and their dams at one fell swoop." Lavender Hill, SKEFFINGTON'S "HEROE OF LORENZOE."-The same afternoon (Friday, Aug. 9) that Lord Lichfield was unveiling, in St. Mary's, Stafford, the bust in memory of Iz. Walton, just executed by Belt, a sale was going on at Sotheby's, where, among a few lots interesting to the admirers of the dear old angler, was a copy of Sir John Skeffington's Heroe, 1652, in the original sheep binding. The great attraction of the rare little 18mo. lay, however, in the fact of its having been Walton's own copy, and that he had inscribed his name at the bottom right-hand corner of the title-page, alongside the date (I am thus minute because I thought it such an odd place to write it), as well as on the fly-leaf. I left a commission for 27. 10s. on it, carelessly thinking that sum would make me its happy possessor; but at the close of the day I learned, like Samson of old, with "sad surprise," that a paltry bid of a shilling in advance of mine had secured it. Some incredulous mortals ask if the I. W. of "Let this be told the Reader" may not stand for John White, or any other I. W.; but were not the flavour of the address so thoroughly Waltonian, I think the appearance in the market of Izaak's own copy of the little book translated by his friend, who, let it be borne in mind, also belonged to his native county of Stafford, should remove all doubt in the matter. Those who would know more of this little volume are referred to "N. & Q.," April, 1855 [1 S. xi. 257, 327], where there is a short account of the Spanish Jesuit who wrote it, as also of the English translator, Sir John Skeffington, of Fisherwick, co. Stafford. CH. ELKIN MATHEWS. THE OLD WALLS OF DUBLIN. - Remains of these old walls may still be traced, commencing at the Castle steps, west of the Castle, and running DIVORCE. H. HALL. than four ages elapsed from the foundation of their city "Among the Romans," says Bishop Horne, "more without any complaint or process on account of adultery, and it was not till the year 521 that they saw the first divorce, when though the cause was specious the indignation of all Rome pursued the divorcer to the end of his days. These men were heathens, but their morals put Christians woefully to the blush."-Discourses, ii. 446. E. H. A. "HAMIR."-The following I take from a critique in a daily" of some two months back : "But though no French family bears an English motto, what passed for an English cry or response was long preserved in one of the companies of the French Guard. The men of the Scotch Company, known in the days of Quentin Durward as Archers, were required to answer when their names were called out, Hamir,' In a and in that case the French assertion that no English motto has ever been adopted in France would be in accurate." The critic seems to have missed the point of the word. "Awm here," in broad Scottish dialect, is plainly "Hamir" (I am here), and most will agree with the writer that it is "a fair equivalent " for |