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WILLS, Bristol and London. and the Drama, on an equality in point of information with the best informed circles of the Metropolis. OFFICE for ADVERTISEMENTS, 20, Wellington Published by JOHN FRANCIS, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. IS USED BY EVERY FAMILY OF DISTINCTION IN THE IT IS THE MOST HEALTH-PRESERVING ADJUNCT TO THE Highly and Extensively Recommended by Mr. JAMES STARTIN, Surgeon to St. John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin; the late D JAMES STARTIN 3, Savile Row; Dr MeCALL ANDERSON, Woodside Crescent, Glasgow; and the other Leading Members of the Profession. "It is the only true antiseptic soan."-British Medical Journal IN TABLETS 6d. AND 18. EACH, OF ALL CHEMISTS. "SAPO CARBONIS DETERGENS." Proprietors of the Coal-Tar Pill, "Pilula Carbonis Detergens." and Solution of Coal-Tar, Liquor Carbonis Detergens," particulars of which are en losed with each Tablet of soap. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 6, 1878. Januarius. i. *Circumcisio. Domini, in cap(pis). viii. Id. *Epiphania Domini, minus principale [octave in vii. CONTENTS. - N° 236. Fontange-Jingo"-Goethe and Johnson on Dante Notes on Books, &c. Notes. BREVIARY OF ST. ALBANS. I owe to Mr. Godwin the pleasure of seeing a unique volume belonging to the Marquess of Bute, the Breviary of St. Albans, printed in that famous monastery about the year 1524. It has no title-page, but carries its own authenticity in the mention of Abbot Ramrygge and Duke Humphrey, the dedication of the church, and the following rubric : Apud festum divi Jacobi Apostoli novicii duo psalteria pro anima nobilissimi regis offe ejusdem monasterii fundatoris precipui celebrare teneantur [rubrica de officiis mortuorum). Lect. xii. Passus est autem beatus Albanus die decima Kalendarum Juliarum [A.D. cclxxxvio- (Lect. i.) ccxcii"] juxta civitatem Verolamium que nunc a gente anglorum Verlamece sive Werlingacester appellatur. xj. viij. 29 iiij. No. S. Ulstani epi. et confessoris, iij. lect. Februarius. Purificatio S. Marie virgi. princ. S. Scolastice virginis non mar. in cap(pis). *S. Symeonis epi. in albis. *O(bitus) Humfridi ducis Gloucestrie. Martius. *Anniversarius dies parentum oim (omnium) ii. No. *S. Ambosii epi. et conf. in cappis. viii. S. Yvonis epi. et confessoris, xii. lect. S. Aerkenwaldi epi. et confess. xii. lect. i. *Apostolorum Philippi et Jacobi, in capis. xiiij. Kal. S. Dunstani archiepi. et confesso. xii. lect. S. Botulphi abbatis, iij. lectio. De S. Albano, iij. lect. S. Leofridi ab. con. *Nativitas S. Johis. Bap. minus princi. De S. Albano, iij. lect. sub dig. xij. lect. Julius. Vi. Marie, prin. Proces. con. *Translatio S. Thome archiepi. in capis. I have selected from the Kalendar the mosti. Octava *S. Johis. Bap. in albis. interesting feasts, and they have a peculiar value. Non. as they show the distinction of in cappis and Non. in albis, the latter not being white, but of the colour of the festival, as I showed in the Inventory | vii. of Westminster Abbey, printed by the London and Middlesex Archæological Society. It entirely dissipates the erroneous idea of a gloomy choir in a Benedictine church, the popular notion being that it was a mere aggregate of black frocks and cowls at all times, instead of being as bright as a secular church on holy days. * marks red letter feasts. *Octava Visitacionis S. Marie, in albis. Dies Dominicus infra oct. S. Benedicti celebr. de *Commemora. Sancti Benedicti abbatis, in capis. Augustus. i. *Vincula Petri, in albis. De S. Albano, com. iiij. Non. *Inventio S. Albani, prin. Steph. pa. et con. Nonas. *Scti. Oswaldi regis et mar. in albis. viii. Idus. *Transfiguratio Domini, in capis. S. Sixti, vi. V. iiij. com. *Fe. Nominis Jesu, prin. S. Donati, comm. *Oct. 8. Albani, in albis. S. Cyriaci, comme. S. Romani martyris, trium lect. * *S. Laurencii m. in capis. Anniversa. ij. Assumptio S. Marie, maius prin. *Passio S. Oswyni re. prin. Philiberti, comm. *Oct. S. Marie, in cap. *S. Bartholo. in cap. Audoeni, com. d. *Oct. Oswini, in albis. *S. Austu. epi. in cap. Heremetis, in comm. *Decolla. S. Jois. in cap. Sabine virg. comm. S. Aydani epi. et confessoris, trium lect. St. Stephen, St. John Evangelist, and Holy Innocents were kept in copes. MACKENZIE E. C. WALCOTT. SHAKSPEARIANA. "CYMBELINE," ACT II. SC. 1, L. 1.— "Was there ever man had such luck? when I kissed the jack upon an upcast, to be hit away!" Such is the punctuation of all the four folios, followed in every edition I have referred to down to the commencement of the present century. Monck Mason, in 1807, suggested the removal of the comma from 66 upcast to "jack," observing that "he means to lament his ill fortune in being hit away by an upcast when he kissed the jack.' The emendation, if so it must be called, does not seem to have met with much favour at the time, for it is not even noticed in the Variorum of 1821; but it was reproduced by Knight, with a note of similar purport, and has been since followed by Dyce, Halliwell - Phillipps, and the Cambridge editors (Globe), and possibly in other modern editions which I have not the opportunity of *S. Mathei apostoli et euang. in capis. *Comm. S. Amphibal. sociorumque mart. in examining. albis. *Sanctorum Cosme et Damiani, in albis. *Sancti Michaelis archangeli, in cappis. *Sancti Jeronymi abbatis confessoris, in capis. S. Leonardi abbatis et confes. xii. lect. iii. Idus. *S. Martini, in cappis. S. Benne mar. com. Idus. S. Bricii epi. et conf. xii. lec. xvi. Kal. xii. S. Edmundi archiepi. et confesso. xii. lec. *Scti. Edmundi regis et mar. in cappis. *S. Clementis pape, in albis. Felici. virg. com. *Sancte Katherine virginis et mar. in capis. *Sancti Andree apostoli, in capis. December. iii. Non. S. Birini epi. et confess. Comme. viii. Idus. *S. Nicholai epi. et conf. in capis. vi. *Conceptio Beate Marie virgi. minus princ. xii. Kal. *Passio S. Thome apostoli, in cap. iii. *S. Thome epi. et martyr. in capis. " 66 No one professes to speak from any knowledge of the terms used in the game of bowls. Will any telling us what is the meaning of an one acquainted with them settle the question by upcast"? If we are left to arrive at a meaning from analogy and context, I should suppose an upcast to be the final cast, or round, the state of the score being such that it must necessarily result in one or other side being "up." A precisely analogous term in archery, "upshot," has been received into our general vocabulary as equivalent to the final result of an argument or of a train of events. In this critical position of the game, while Cloten's bowl kissed the jack, and nothing else could prevent his winning, it was hit away. According to this interpretation, the pointing of the folios and eighteenth century editions is right. In a piece of colloquial prose like this, if he had meant "hit away by an upcast," why should he not have said so instead of using an inverted sentence, fit only for verse, and substituting the preposition “upon"? And why should the adversary's bowl be called an upcast" rather than a "downcast"? 66 "TWELFTH NIGHT," ACT I. Sc. 3, L. 135.— "Wherefore have these gifts a curtain before them? are they like to take dust like Mistress Mall's picture?" This would have been too clear to need a note, if Malone had not made it a peg on which to hang an utterly irrelevant dissertation on Moll Cutpurse, in which subsequent commentators have followed him, just as if she had been a Shakespearian character. Sir Toby has occasion to refer to the then common practice of hanging a curtain before a picture, to which we have an allusion at Act i. sc. 5, 1. 250 of the same play. Pictures in general, or any picture in particular, would have served his turn, but he gives force to the expression by specifying the portrait of Olivia's gentlewoman, Maria, with whom Sir Andrew Aguecheek and he have just been having a wit combat, and who was therefore present to his thoughts, if her picture was not hanging before his eyes. If any one be inclined to object that Mall is the familiar abbreviation of Mary, and not of Maria, Mistress Mall has herself solved the difficulty, for Maria and Mary are in fact the same name; and when, in the same scene, 1. 57, Sir Andrew, misunderstanding Sir Toby, addresses her as "Good Mistress Accost," she answers, "My name is Mary, sir." JOHN FITCHETT MARSH. "THE TEMPEST," ACT IV. SC. 1, L. 64 (5th S. viii. 385; ix. 405.)—MR. J. TOм BURGESS's view of the meaning of "pioned and twilled brims" gives a very fair sense, but is open to objections, and these not small ones. No dictionary nor glossary, provincial or other, no book nor man, has as yet yielded the word "pioned" or any semblance of it in the sense of pied. Neither will etymology, nor any etymological licence, derive pioned " from "pied," or deduce a greater affinity between them than that celebrated one between Monmouth and Macedon, for both begin with pi. These defects are cleverly slurred over by MR. BURGESS, but not sufficiently so. Nor can I take "twilled brims" as a Shakespere variant for "ribbed shore," more especially as the phrase is the twilled brims of banks, and these not river banks but banks of Ceres. 66 Were I to conjecture, I might do so, and yet, so many having failed, fail without shame. But the interpretation I had arrived at has, I find, been anticipated by Boswell (Malone, 1821, vol. xv. pp. 127-8). "Pioned" must be either pionied-that is, "peonyed" - an interpretation forbidden by both habitat and month, &c., or it must be from "pion," the root of "pioner" or "pioneer" and equal “dug,” and used as "pioning" was for "digging" by Spenser, and later by Mason in his Turke (1610). This latter is by far the more likely, as it well agrees with "twilled." Our present twill or twilled agrees with one sense of the French touiller, but the latter generally implies an admixture of filth; thus Cotgrave gives "begrimed, besmeeched," &c. And Shakespere was demonstrably acquainted with French, and made use of French derivatives. Brim is the upper edge. The "pioned and twilled brims" thus mean the dug and grimy edges (or upper edges) of the banks of Ceres, which are to be betrimmed by spongy April. If the reader objects to the above meaning of "pioned," he can substitute the French meaning of "small twigged," or bushy hedged. I would that the other difficulties in Shakespere could be as easily and satisfactorily explained. | I perceive that I have omitted my interpretation of "to make cold nymphs chaste crowns." Spongy April betrims these brims, so that maidens, either in the rural pastimes of May or on May-day, may be adorned with garlands of the white hawthorn flower. These are chaste because white, this colour having been always appropriated to chastity and maidens. Because spongy April betrims the hedges for this purpose, it does not follow that they are therefore necessarily fit for use in that month or before it ends. The explanation also rather favours the view that "pioned" is "small twigged," though it does not necessarily exclude the otherwise more probable one of "digged or dug." B. NICHOLSON. I feel that it is great presumption on my part to attempt to explain the meaning of a line which has puzzled so many commentators. The banks of rivers, especially of those smaller streams which wind through "flat meads," are frequently kept up by a sort of wattling made of stakes driven into the earth and intertwined with small branches. "Twilled" will certainly bear the sense of "woven"; and may not "pioned" be a local word, now disused, allied to or derived from the French pieu, a stake? E. McC. Guernsey. THE WRITINGS OF SAMUEL BUTCHER, D.D., LORD BISHOP OF MEATH. Like Bishop Dickinson (of whom mention has been made in 5th S. vi. 3), Bishop Butcher was a native of Cork; he was born there in 1811, and was son of Vice-Admiral Samuel Butcher. He entered Trinity College, Dublin, in 1829; was elected a scholar in 1832, along with the present Bishop of Limerick, the late Rev. William Archer Butler, and others; and in 1837 obtained a fellowship, with the present Dr. Carson, S.F.T.C.D. In 1850 he was appointed Professor of Ecclesiastical History, and in November, 1852, was elected Regius Professor of Divinity, on the death of the Rev. Dr. Elrington. In 1854 he was presented by the Board of Trinity College to the rectory of Ballymoney, in the diocese of Cork. In August, 1866, he was selected to fill the premier bishopric of Meath; and on the 14th of October following he was consecrated in the chapel of Trinity College by the Archbishop of Armagh, the sermon being preached by his friend and successor, the present Regius Professor of Divinity, Dr. Salmon. His death took place July 29, 1876; and a few days after his remains, attended to the grave by many who assembled to pay the last tribute of affection and respect to the deeply lamented prelate, were deposited in Ardbraccan churchyard, in the county of Meath. He was author of the following: 1. Introductory Lecture on the Study of Ecclesiastical History. Dublin, 1850. 8vo. 2. A Sermon preached in the Chapel Royal, Dublin Castle, on Wednesday, April 26, 1854, being the Day appointed for General Humiliation and Prayer. Dublin, 1854. 8vo. remarked, "there is much that is too valuable in them to allow of their being scattered up and down as fugitive pieces"; and they should be carefully republished in a collective form, with an introductory memoir. They were all, or nearly all, 3. An Introductory Lecture delivered in the Divinity"published by request.” School of Trinity College, Dublin, at the commencement of Michaelmas Term, 1854. Dublin, 1855. Svo. 4. The Present State of the Romish Controversy in Ireland: a Sermon preached in the Cathedral of Cork, at the Visitation held September 27, 1855. Dublin, 1855. 8vo. 5. The Claims of the Additional Curates' Fund Society: a Sermon preached in the Cathedral of Christ Church, Dublin, November 27, 1856. Printed at the desire of the Annual General Meeting. Dublin, 1857. 6. The Relative Value and Importance of Divine and Human Knowledge: a Sermon preached in the Chapel Royal, Dublin Castle, August 30, 1857. Dublin, 1857. 8vo. Svo. 1864. Svo.. 9. "Strangers and Pilgrims on the Earth"; a Sermon preached in [the Chapel of] the Magdalen Asylum, Dublin, February 19, 1865, on occasion of the Death of the Rev. Alexander M. Pollock, Chaplain of that Institution. Dublin, 1865. 8vo. 10. Reunion with Rome, as advocated in the Eirenicon of Dr. Pusey: Two Sermons preached in the Chapel of Trinity College, Dublin, on the first and second Sundays in Lent. Dublin, 1866. 8vo. 11. A Charge delivered to the Clergy of the Diocese of Meath, at the ordinary Visitation, October, 1867. Dublin, 1867. 8vo. 12. A Charge to the Clergy, &c., August, 1869. Dublin, ABHBA. VAUGHAN'S STONE.-At a meeting of the Worcestershire Naturalists' Club, on May 31 last, the party were shown a great stone slab standing in Froomebrook, at Avenbury, near Bromyard, Herefordshire, and one of the members, a lover of folklore, said that he had obtained a strange legendary story in connexion with this stone from an old inhabitant, which he would read, and it is thus reported in the Worcester Journal :— "As the traditionary account obtained from a trust7. The Conservative Character of the English Refor-placed in the brook to lay the spirit of one Nicholas worthy source states, the great stone mentioned was mation, viewed with reference to the present State of the Vaughan, who lived in olden days, a long time ago. Church: a Sermon preached in Christ Church Cathedral, According to Mr. Haywood's sage informant, Vaughan Dublin, February 16, 1862, on the occasion of the Consecration of the Right Rev. John [Gregg], Lord hood that no one dared to leave their homes after nightwas so great a terror to Bromyard and the neighbourBishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross. Dublin, 1862. 8vo. fall until cock-crowing while he was abroad on the earth. 8. A Few Thoughts on the Supreme Authority of the He forcibly demolished the bishop's palace then existing Word of God; laid before the Morning Clerical Meeting, hereabouts, and drove away all the sheep and cattle that held in the Rotunda, Dublin, April 13, 1864. Dublin, were depastured on the downs, and did no end of mischief in other respects. It would appear that he was no mortal power, and therefore spiritual weapons were necessary to overcome him. Nine priests were therefore called together, a circle was drawn, nine candles were lighted, and the holy office was begun. Nicholas was then heard to roar-so proceeds the legend-and forthwith was presented to view in a carriage drawn by four white horses, their nostrils flashing fire; but the circle stopped his course so that he could not cross it. The candles, however, burned blue, and eight of them went out, but the presence and power of the Bible caused them to be relighted, while at length Nicholas was forced to subside into vapour, which, becoming gradually less, was, by the sacred spell created, induced to enter a bottle, which was then cast into the river Froome, and commanded to float away into the Red Sea! In the burned out except one, and this was reduced to merely course of this priestly ceremony all the candles were an inch in length. This inch of candle was scaled in a 14. General Proof of Gauss' Rule for finding Easter flat stone laid upon it to prevent its removal; and until silver box, which was put into the Froome, and a heavy Day. Dublin, 1876. 4to. "A production which astonished his friends by proving how tenacious his is again brought into view, the spirit of Nicholas, thus any supernatural agency moves the stone, and the candle memory was, after long disuse, of mathematical prin- submerged, is bound to remain in the depths of the Red ciples.' Sea! Such is the ridiculous legend attached to a large 15. The Ecclesiastical Calendar; its Theory and Const ne in the river Froome, which, under Mr. Haywood's struction. [A posthumous publication.] Dublin, 1877. guidance, the party now hastened to see. Something like a great stone slab placed edgeways was indeed discernible just above the water, but its appearance was not very satisfactory, as it looked very like the bole of a tree However, on faith of the assertion of an old woman resibrought down by the stream and incrusted with dirt. dent near, this was taken to be the veritable stone, though no one would venture into the water to arrive at an accurate decision and feel for the silver box. quiet enough in the Red Sea, with the other spirits formerly consigned to its abysses." 1869. Svo. 13. The Order of Baptism: Speeches delivered by the Lord Bishop of Meath and the Lord Bishop of Killaloe in the General Synod of the Church of Ireland, 1873. Reprinted, with additions, from the Daily Express. Dublin, 1873. 8vo. 4to. He likewise edited the following: Sermons preached in the Chapel of Trinity College, Dublin, with a Lecture on the Inspiration of the Scrip tures, by Thomas Mac Neece, D.D., late Archbishop King's Lecturer in Divinity in the University of Dublin; with a Memoir. Dublin, 1863. 8vo. Sermons by the late Rev. Alexander M. Pollock, A.M., Chaplain of the Magialen Asylum, Leeson Street, Dublin; with a Preface. Dublin, 1865. 8vo. Bishop Butcher's writings are no doubt of a fragmentary character, but as one has truly Whether there or not, no doubt that Nicholas is now |