(prep.), of indir. obj., §362, 2, §451, 1; verb + à =Eng. tran., §296, 2; idio- matic with verbs, §296, 4; with names of countries, §333, 3, obs. ; denoting possession after être, §377, 1;in prepositional phrases, §432; repetition, $434;= 'concerning,' 'of,' §436, 2; of 'place,' 'time,' §439, 1, 8444, 2; of 'motion to- wards,' §451, 2; ' with ' (characteristic), §454, 4. abbreviations, §461. 'about,' §436.
accent, accent marks, §5; stress, §7.
acute accent, §2, 1. adjective, §§336-358, see also possessive adj., demonstr. adj., interrog. adj., indef. adj., numeral; fem., §§336-337; plur., §§338- 339; agreement, §§340- 344; as adv., §410, §343,1; nouns as adjs., §344; com- parison, §§345-349; posi- tion, §§350-353; with à, §355; with de, §356; with en, §357; with envers,
adverb, §§408-420; list, §408; in -ment from adjs., §409; adjs. as advs., §410; ad- verbial locutions, §411; comparison, §412; posi- tion 413; negatives, 88414-419; distinctions in use, §420; numeral advs., §426.
afin que,+subj.,§455,§271,2. | attendant; en-que,+subj.,
aller, +infin., §230, 8; im- pers., §252, 1, obs.; s'en aller, §247.
attendu, §289, a. au, =à+le, §317. aucun(8), § 403, 3; use, §406, 1; with ne, §415. aucunement, with ne, §415. au-dessus de, §448, 1. au-dessous de, §453, 2. aussi, in comparison (adj.), §345; (adv.), §412. autant, §420, 2. automne, gend., §304, 3, a. autour de, §436, 1.
allez, special force, §267, b. allons, special force, §267, b. alphabet, §4; names of let- ters, §4. âme qui vive, with ne, §415, autre, §403, 3; use, §406, 2; with ne, 419, 3, n. 2, c.
âme vivante, with ne, §415, autrement, with ne, §419,
2, c. à moins que, with ne, §419,1. 'among,' §438. amour, gender, §304, 3, b. 'and,' untranslated, §456, 2; =ni, §457, 2. apostrophe, §5, 5, §19. apposition, use of art., §330, 4.
approuvé, §289, a. après, §437.
après, +infin., §282, 4. après-midi, gender, §304, 3, a.
arriver, impers., §252, 1,obs. article, §§315-335, see also def. art. and indef. art.; agreement and repetition, §318; use with nouns, §§319-335; omission, §330; in apposition, §330, 4; un- classified examples, §331; with proper names, §§332-
3, n. autrui, §403, 2; use, §405, 1. aux, à+les, §317. auxiliary verbs, use §§227- 229; modal auxs., §230, 5, n. avant, §440, 2.
avant with ne, §419, 1, que, b; avant que, + subj., §455, §271, 1. avec, § 454, 1, 3. avoir, conjugn., §154; used to form comp. tenses, §227, §229; y avoir, §250; ilyr and voilà, §250, 3; avoir besoin, etc. (without art.), §330, 1; avoir l'air, agree- ment of adj. with, $343, 4, c, denoting dimension, §428, obs. 3; denoting age, $430.
B. beaucoup, +de, agreement of verb, §232, 2, a, b; with partitive, §325, 1, d; re-
placed by plusieurs, §406, 4; comparison, §412, 2; not modified, §412, 2, a. 'before,' §440.
bel, §337, 1, (3). bestiaux, §308, 4, n. bétail, plur., §308,4, n.
bien, with partitive, §325, 1, b; irreg. comparison, 8412, 2.
ce n'est pas que + subj., | 'concerning,' §436, 2.
ceci, §378, 2; use, §388. cedilla, §5, 4.
cela, $378, 2; use, §388; re-
placed by là, §388, d. celui, §378, 2; use, 381. celui-ci, §378, 2; use, §382. celui-là, §378, 2; use, §382; replacing celui, §381, b.
bien que,+subj., §455, §271, | cent(8), §421, b, c, d, e. 4.
bon, comparison, §346; +à or pour, §355, §355, a, §358, a. bouger, with ne alone,§418,4. bout; au-de, §437, 2. brin, with ne, §415, 2, b. 'by,' §441; of 'dimension,' §428, a.
f', $378, 2, obs.
ça, for cela, §388, e, f; dis- tinguished from çà and çà !, §388, f. n.
-cer, verbs in, §156. certain, §403, 1; use, §404, 1. certifié, §289, a. cesser, with ne alone, §418, 4. cet, for ce, §378, 1, obs. chacun, §403, 2; use, §405, 2. chaque. §403, 1; use, §404, 2. chez, §439, 2, §451, 2, §454, 2. | -ci, §380.
ciel, plur., §309. ci-inclus, $289, b. ci-joint, §289, b. circumflex accent, §5, 3. civil, +à l'égard de, §358, a. collationné, §289, a. collectives, §423.
çà, çà !, distinguished from combien, agreement, §232,
çà, §388, f. n. capitals, use, §21. cardinals, $421, §427; in dates, etc., §427; for or- dinals, §427. cas; au où, +indic. or subj., §455, §271,3; au— que, subj., $455, §271, 3; dans le où, +indic. or
subj., §455, §271, 3; en que, +subj., §455, §271, 3. case relations, of nouns, §313; of conjunctive pers. prons., §362.
ce (adj.), §378, 1; use, §380. ce (pron.), §378, 2; agree- ment of verb with, §232, 3; use, §§383-387; +être, $383, §384; c'est and il est, 8384; +a relat., §385; in phrases, §386; ce semble, §386, a; pleonastic, §387;
2, b. comme, for que in compari- son, $345, b. comparison, of adjs., §§345- 349; of advs., §412; irreg. (adj.), §346; irreg. (adv.), §412, 2; remarks, §349; followed by ne, §419, 3. comparative, see compari-
condition; à la que, +in- dic. or subj.,§455, §271,3,c. conditional sentences, $274, $275; use of mood and tense in, §275. conditional, tense, §265, in condl. sent., §275. conditional anterior, tense, §266; replaced by plupf. subj., 272, 3; replaced by impf. indic. in 'result' clause, $274, c. conjunction, §§455-459; list, §455; with indic., subj., indic. or subj., see list, §455; use of certain, §§456- 459; distinctions, §459. conjunctive pron., §359 and n.; use, §§362-371. consonants, prncn., §§16-17; final, prncn., §18. couple, gender, §304, 3, e. craindre, with ne, §419, 2. orainte; de — que... ne, + subj., §455, §271, 2.
of countries, §333, 3, obs. dates, §427.
dative, of pers. pron., §362, 2; ethical, $362, n. davantage, §420, 3. de, as partitive sign, §§323-
325; agent after passive, $240, $356, §441, 1; verb+ de=Eng. transitive, §296, 1; idiomatic with verbs, $296, 4; with names of countries, $333, 2; de= 'in,' after superl., §347, 2; denoting 'by how much,' after superl., §349, 2; pleo- nastic after interrog., §391, n.; of dimension,' §428, obs. 1, §430, obs. 8; in prepositional phrases, §432; repetition, §434; de
descendre, +à, + dir. infin., $281, 4. désobéir, passive use, §241, 1. determinatives, position, $353. déterminer,+à, +de, §281,5. deuxième, for second, §422,b. devant, §440, 1.
'material', $445, 2; of 'motion towards', §451, 2. encore que,+ subj., §455, $271, 4.
encore un, §406, 2, a. en premier lieu, §426, a. ensuite, §426, a.
entendre, +infin., constr. of obj., §293, 2, b.
devoir, +infin., §230, 2; + entendu, §289, a, §292, 4, a. de+infin., §278, 6, a.
d'entre, after superl., §347, 2.
différents, §403, 1; use, envers, §451, 3. §404, 3. environ, §436, 4.
diphthongization, absent in ès, en les, §317, n. 2. French, §1, 6.
direct obj., §293. disjunctive pron., §359 and n.; use, §372; avoided, §372, 6, n.
='by' (measure), §441, 3; | dès, §443, 3. de='from,' §443, 1; of 'place' (after superl.), §444, 4; de='of,' §445, 1; de='with,' §454, 6; = 'concerning,'' of,' §436, 2. de ce que, constr., §269, 4, b. décider, +à, +de, §281, 2. défier, +d, +de, §281, 3. definite article, forms, §316; contractions, §317; agree- ment and repetition, §318, §347,a; with general noun, $321; with partitive noun, $323; in titles, §327; for possessive adj., §328; dis- tributively, §329; omis- sion, §330, §333, 4; un- classified examples, §331; with names of persons, §332; with names of coun- tries, §333; with names of cities, etc., §334; with names of mountains and rivers, §335; in superla- tive, §§347-349; replacing demonstr. adj., §380, b; in fractions, §424, b. délice, gender, §304, 2, c. demi, agreement, §343, 4, a; in compounds, §311, 2, a, §343, 4, a; in fractions, §424, a. demonstrative adjective, forms, §378, 1; agreement, §379; repetition, §379, a; use, §380; replaced by def. art., §380, b. demonstrative pronoun, forms, §378, 2; agreement, $379; use, §§381-388. demonstratives, see demon- str. adj. and demonstr.
depuis, §443, 3; with ne,
§419,6; -que, distinguish-
ed from puisque, $459, 3. dernier, +subj., §270, 3; +a+infin., $279, 3, a. des, de+les, §317.
-esse, fem. ending, §306, 2. dire,+de,+dir. infin., §281, est-ce que, use of, §236, 4. et (conj.), use of, §456. été, invar., §239, obs. -eter, verbs in, §158. ethical dative, §362, n. être, §154; forming comp. tenses, §228, §229; form- ing passive, §239; form- ing reflexive comp. tenses, $242; as impers. verb, $250, 2; +a+infin., §279, 5 and 6, b; +a,+à....de, +à....à, §281, 8.
divers, §403, 1; use, §404, 3. donner, conjugation, §153. dont, §395; use, §398. double, as adv., §425, α. du, =de+le, §317. dú, agreement, §292, 4, b. dur,+pour, §358, a. durant, position, §433, b. E. 'nor-,'
eu, past part., agreement, §292, 4, d.
-eur, fem. of, §337, 2, (2). 'not-,'éviter, with ne, §419, 1. excepté, §289, a.
' either,' §457, 3. -eler, verbs in, §158, 2. elision, §19. elliptical tense forms, §256. empêcher, with ne, §419, 1. empresser(s'),+à,+de, §281,
en (pron. adv.), §360; use, §367, §372, 6, n.; position, §370.
en (prep.), in gerunds, §286,
3; agreement of past part., §292, 3, a; with names of countries (no art.), §333, 2; repetition, §434; of 'place,' 'time,' §439, 1, §444, 2, 3; of
F. fâché,+contre, §356, a. façon; de-que,+indic. or subj., $455, §271, 2, a. faire,+infin., §230, 6; +de +infin., §278, 6, b; of weather, etc., §249, 2; +infin., constr. of obj., $293, a; passive force of trans. infin. after, $241, 3. fait (past part.), agreement,
§292, 4, c. falloir, 251. fatiguer(se),+à,+de,§281,9. feminine, see gender.
feu, §343, 4, b.
finir, conjugation, §153; +d, +de, §281, 10. fois (une fois, etc.), §425, 2. fol, $337, 1, (3). 'for,' §442.
force, agreement, §232, 2, a. fort, +sur, §357, a. foudre, gender, §304, 3, h. fractions, §424.
franc de port, §343, 4, a. 'from,' §443. future, §263; in condl. sen- tence, §275; replaced by pres., §257, 4, 5; replaced by condl., §265, 3. future anterior, §264; re- placed by past indef., $259, 3.
garde-, in compounds, §311, 5, a.
gender, of nouns, §300-306; by meaning, § 303; by endings, §302; by deriva- tion, §301; double, §304; of compounds, §305; for- mation of fem., §306, §336, §337; of adjs., §336, §337.
general noun, §321; and partitive, §326. gens, gender, §304, 3, j. gent, plur., §308, 5. gerund, §286, 3; English, $287, 2.
goutte, with ne, §415, f., b. grave accent, §5, 2. guère, with neo, §415.
haïr, +de+infin., §279, 6, c. haut, for hauteur, §428,
'however,' §404, 5, b and n. hymne, gender, §304, 3, d. hyphen, use, §5, 6.
ignorant, +sur, §357, a. ignorer, +negative, constr. after, §269, 5, d.
il (impers.), agreement, $232, 4, §361, d; as sub- ject of impers. verb, §248, §252, 2, §253; il y a, §250, 3; il est, §250, 2, §383, 1, a, b; il faut, §251; il
indefinites, see indef. adj. and pron.
indicative mood, §254, see also the various tenses; in conditions, §275, obs. indirect discourse, mood of, §254, n. 1; tense of, §258, 5. indirect obj., §293, 2, §294, §362, 2, §451, 1. indulgent, §358, a.
s'en faut, §251, 5; distin--ine, fem. ending, §306, 3. guished from ce, §384, 1; infinitive mood, §§276-285; il est vrai, §384, 1, a; without prep., §278, re- il semble, §386, a; il s'en ference list, §278, 6; with faut, with ne, §419, 5; il à, $279, reference list, ya, with ne, §419, 6. $279, 6; with de, $280, imperative, §267; retention reference list, §280, 6; of -8 in 2 sg. before y or historical, §280, 4; dis- en, §153, §159, 4; in condl. tinctions, §281; with sentence, §275; replaced other preps., $282; for by fut., $263, 4. subordinate clause, §283; imperfect, (indic.), §258; in with passive force, $284; narrative, examples of, for Eng.-ing, $285, §287, 3. §261; in condl. sentence, interjection, §460. §275; replacing plupf. or interrogation, word order, §236; indirect, §238. interrogative adj., forms, $389, 1; agreement, §390; use, §391, §392, 1, b, 2. interrogative locutions, §394 interrogative pron., forms,
condl. ant. in condl. sen-
tence, §275, c; (subj.), §273, 2 and 4, e; for perf. subj., §273, 4, a. impersonal verbs, §§248-253; verbs used impersonally, §252; de+infin. as logical subj. of, §280, 1. importe (qu'), §232, 4, a. 'in,' §444.
$389, 2; agreement, §390; use, §§392, 393. interrogatives, see interrog. adj. and pron. 'into,' §444.
intransitive verbs, §294.
indefinite article, forms, §315; agreement and re-inversions, rhetorical, §237. petition, §318; use, §320; irregular verbs, §§156-226; omission, §330; unclassi- list of, §226; in -er, §§156- fied examples, §331; with 161; in -cer, -ger, §156; in names of persons, §332, 3. -yer, §157; with stem- indefinite adj., forms, §403, vowel e (é), §158; in -eler, 1-3, §407, 1; use, §404, -eter, §158; in -ir, §§162- $406, 8407; position in 179; in -re, §§180-211; in negation, §416. -oir, §§212-225; in -andre, indefinite pron., forms, §403, -endre, -erdre, -ondre- 2, 3, §407, 2; use, §405, -ordre, §210. §406, §407; position in -issime, negation, §416, §416, b.
jamais, with ne, §415. je soussigné, §372, 2, n. jumelle, §337 1, (3).
ma mie, §374, n. m'amour, §374, n. manière, de- que, +indic.
or subj., §455, §271, 2, a.
jurer, +de, +dir. infin., manquer, +à, +de, §281,
masculine, see gender. mauvais, irreg. comparison,
ni, use, §233, b, §457, 1; with ne, §415; ni...ne, position, $416, d.
même, §403, 3; use, §406, 3. n'importe, §418, 5.
mie, with ne, §415, 2, b. mien, etc., for le mien,
$377, 2. mieux, §412, 2. mil, in dates, §421, c. mille, §421, e.
lasser (se), +d, +de, §281, moi, for me, §370, 3, obs. 1.
le (la, les), see def. art. and pers. pron.; predicative, §364; pleonastic, §365; = 'one,' 'so,' §365, b. length, see quantity. lequel?, §389, 2; use, §391. lequel, §395; use, $400. 'less'; 'less and less,' §345, d; the less,' §345, d; 'less than' (adv. of quan- tity), §412, b. liaison, §18. linking, see liaison. lip-rounding, §1, 4. loin que,+subj., §455, §271,
long, for longueur, §428, obs. 4.
moindre, §346. moins, §412, 2; in compari- son (adj.), §345, (adv.), §412; moins de, 412, 1, b; à moins que...ne, + subj., $455, §271, 3, + de deux, agreement of, §232, 2, c.
mol, §337, 1, (3). mon, for ma, §374, 1, obs.
1; in address, §376, 4. mood, see the various moods; of subordinate clause, §254, n. 2. 'more'; 'more and more,' §345, d; 'the more,' §345, d; 'more than,' (adv. of quantity), §412, b. mot, with ne, §415, 2, b.
lorsque, distinguished from multiplicatives, §425.
quand, §459, 1.
T'un, §406, 7, (1), a. P'un l'autre, §406, 7, (2).
maint, §403, 1; use, §404, 4. mal, irreg. comparison, §412, 2.
malgré que, subj., §455, 8271, 4.
narrow, of sounds, §1, 3. n'avoir garde, §418, 5. ne(n'), §§415-419; with pas, point, etc., §415; posi- tion, §416; omisssion, §417; alone as negative, §418; pleonastic, §419; ne...que, position, §416,
nombre, de, agreement with verb, §232, 2, a. non (pas point), §414; que
non, §420, 1, a. nonante, §421, n. nonobstant que, + subj.,
non (pas) que, +subj., §455, §271, 5.
'nor'; 'either,' §457, 3. 'not'; —'either,' §457, 3. noun, §§300-314; gender,
$8300-306, §§336-337; num- ber, §§307-312; case rela- tion, §313; agreement, §314; as adj., §343, 3, §344, §352, 2, (3). nous, for je, §361, a; pleo- nastic, $372, 5, a; nous autres, §406, 2, c. nouvel, §337, 1, (3). nu, agreement, §343, 4, a. nul, §403, 3, §337, 1, (2), b; use, §406, 1; with ne, §415. nullement, with ne, §415. number, of nouns, §§307-
312; general rule, §307; exceptions, §308; double plurs., §309; foreign nouns, §310; comp. nouns, §311; plur. of proper nouns, §312; of adjs., §§338-339. numerals, §§421-430; car- dinals, §421; ordinals, §422; collectives, §423; fractions, §424; multipli- catives, §425; adverb, §426; remarks on use, §§427-430; in dates, titles,
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