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movements of revolution, dictating that they shall in every case be royalist, and bridling all contingent democratic fury by the hope of his powerful aid. Thus a contest which might be desolating and lingering, he deprives of all its most dangerous properties, while allowing the forces of society to gravitate into their natural places, by which alone they can make a true breakwater against foreign action. England might aid this great and good work. Hitherto she has chosen to stand aloof, and has prudentially refused to succour Sicily, Naples, Spain, Poland, Lombardy, or Hungary. All her exploits of late in Western Europe are confined to her crushing the constitutional liberty of Portugal in 1847. And now, if France chooses to pursue a braver course, shall England feel hostility lest French aggrandizement follow? The way to hinder it is, not to thwart, but to assist France whenever the cause

is intrinsically a good one. As regards a bulwark against Russia, we cannot construct or reconstruct empires; but the elements of a new and really powerful kingdom are obvious on the banks of the Danube. If Austria fall, Germany will run together, and the Queen's grandson become King of Germany, perhaps with Switzerland bined; that is no bad bulwark ; and to a free Hungary, it is highly probable that Servia and the Principalities will join themselves, if Western policy favour such a development.

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Our readers must not suppose that we are blind to the misdeeds of Napoleon III. in Italy for the last two months. As to Rome, we are not sure that he is to be censured; that depends on his after

policy. He has damped and restrained the impetus of the Spanish and German Catholics, and has beneficially retarded the moment of papal despair, until Italy shall be organized and strong. But his interference in Gaëta has gone beyond the mark of this, and has visibly prolonged the disorganization and weakness of Italy. We trust that our Government will be able to dispel the suspicion which has been expressed, that it has seen with complacency this conduct of the Emperor, in hope that it will cripple Italy and make a war for the recovery of Venice impossible. We confess the present aspect of things suggests, that Napoleon is still struggling to bring about a division of Italy into two States. If England desires a united Italy, the way to it is by supporting the Italian movement; certainly not by supporting Austria under the plea of jealousy against France. The French Emperor, by nature and by position, can do nothing straightforwardly. He cannot

afford to avow noble objects with the simplicity of a Garibaldi. But it remains possible that ere long he may say to the English ministry: "You have wished for a united Italy; have your wish; but now learn, that the inevitable result is a war on Austria, and an invasion of Hungary; a war which I have deprecated, but in which I feel bound to become a contingent ally to Italy, so far as to insist that Austria shall receive no aid.' It is well that Englishmen should pronounce whether they will there upon allow the British forces to aid an old and pernicious despotism against Hungary and Italy, and give to France the avowed leadership of liberty.

1861.]

WE

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A STRANGE STORY OF TITAHUA.

E were three very dissimilar and yet not unwelcome companions-an eager, successful man of business; a sickly, withered student; and a weather-beaten old sea-captain. We had clambered up to a projecting rock which overhung a placid bay, and overlooked a vast expanse of sea, with mountains seen dimly in the distance. The captain and the man of business had with much difficulty succeeded in dragging up the student to this height; but when there, he perhaps of all of us most enjoyed the glorious scene. I cannot say for certain how our conversation wandered to the theme, to which afterwards it kept most closely. This theme was the great revolution in human affairs which might be effected by some small change. I think, though, the way in which the conversation arose was from the man of business commenting upon the shortness of the harvest, and upon the derangement which might thus occur in monetary matters. For these were all in all to him. We agreed that it was wonderful that mankind, with such imminent dangers always impend

ing over them as famine and pestilence, could afford to give so much of their time to wars and other frivolities. The student then observed, in his imaginative fashion, that it needed not these great calamities to diminish or to destroy the human race, but that the smallest change in some unnoticed element of life, or in some disregarded insect, would suffice to sweep from the earth its noblest denizen. Suppose,' he said, 'the domestic fly were to be made poisonous: the whole race of men would soon vanish from the scene, and leave their palaces, citadels, and towers, to flies.'

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We then began to talk of the revolutions that would be created by any slight change in man himself; and we naturally alluded to the story of the Palace of Trutha story which much delighted our immediate forefathers. From that we were led to talk of the blessings and the curses of concealment; and how, if men's thoughts were visible upon their faces, civil society would be at an end.

Henceforward I give the conversation literally as it occurred.

STUDENT.

For

No, it is not all loss our not living in a Palace of Truth. instance, you give a man all manner of reasons, good and bad, for others taking a course which is injurious or offensive to him, and which reasons may or may not satisfy the man; but you cannot tell him of the reason which is convincing to your mind, and which has reference to his own disqualifications, demerits, or simply to his disagreeableness. How rude it would be to tell him of this, and how much pain he is spared from not seeing the real reason in your countenance.

MAN OF BUSINESS.

Ah, but think of the simplification of all manner of business-how soon merchants could effect their dealings.

SEA CAPTAIN.

Those crocodiles, the lawyers, would have nothing to do.

MAN OF BUSINESS.

Diplomatists would have nothing to diplomatize about, each seeing at once all that the other wanted and meant to have. The task of statesmen, too, would become an easy one. Moreover, those of a shifty nature would not be able to impose upon us in the least. A man would be talking of his country: and, all the while, in his eyes would be read the words, his party, or himself. One of the most amusing things would be to see in all business the prevalence of some very, very small motives.

You suppose, now, when words are almost omnipotent, that a man is thinking of the best, and scheming for the best-I mean for himself, or for those he represents-whereas he is often thinking only of what will be least trouble to him. And he votes for this course or for that, simply because if what he urges is adopted, he will not have a difficult letter to write, or a disagreeable oral statement to make.

STUDENT.

What a revolution it would make in love! I do not well see, moreover, how a three-volumed novel could be written, for there would be none of those delicious misunderstandings which often sustain the whole of the second volume and part of the third. Besides, love, in acquiring certainty, would lose a great deal of its most pleasurable pain. A lover would not spend the night in considering whether she frowned or whether she did not frown; and that pretty play with a flower, picking off the petals and saying, 'he loves me: he loves me not,' would have no interest whatever in it. The instantaneous perception of affection and its certitude, would destroy half the poetry of love.

MAN OF BUSINESS.

So much the better. The drollest thing to observe, I think, would be the effect on friendship and acquaintanceship of this plain-speaking with the countenance. Think of a man going through all the forms of friendship, and asking, with the proper affectionate tones of voice, about yourself, your fortunes, and your family, while all the time his unmastered countenance inevitably declared what a bore he thought you, how anxious he was to have gone through all this questioning, and so to escape the east wind which was blowing upon you both in the market-place.

STUDENT.

On the other hand, you would find that many persons have some regard for you, whom you do not at present suspect of any such weakness.

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Relationship I think would gain by this plain-speaking of the

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The every-day civilities of strangers, which now sometimes form a striking contrast to the rudeness or the bluntness of near relations, would go for nothing, or for worse; and so relationship would gain. Relations might still be as tiresome as ever, but their sincerity would have its value.

MAN OF BUSINESS.

Still, it would be very awful to find how often you are distasteful to those with whom you are most closely bound.

The greatest surprise, however, would be for the man who flatters himself that he has many enemies, and accounts for all his reverses by their imaginary hostility. I think I can see him rushing about in a wild manner looking for an enemy: fastening upon some man who, he knew, had talked him down, or written him down, or voted against him on some critical occasion. And then to find out that all this was done with perfect indifference, and that the supposed enemy did not dislike him a bit more than he did other people! It would be very mortifying.

1861.]

The Sea-Captain's Narrative.

STUDENT.

153

When one comes to think of the enormous revelations and revolutions that this change would produce, one sees that it could not be done in a world like this, where the needs of men are so pressing, and where opposing interests clash so fiercely. How could you expect, for instance, that an American farmer could sympathize with his European brother in distress, when his own good fortune depends so much upon bad harvests in our hemisphere? It might be very well for bodiless creatures to have countenances that concealed nothing; but a creature that needs food, warmth, and shelter, must conceal its thoughts.

But what says our friend the Captain? He has been very silent and meditative for a long time, while we have been chattering.

SEA-CAPTAIN.

You say it would be impossible. I do not know. I could tell you a strange story.

Pray do.

STUDENT.

SEA-CAPTAIN.

We were cruising once in the Pacific. It was a day like this-that is, if any day in those latitudes could be like a day in these. The sea was without a ripple; not even the track of a fish was to be seen in it; and I was thinking (not a very sublime thought) how like the surface of the sea was to the molten lead, out of which I used to make bullets when I was a boy, just before it hardened. The sun was going down; and we, poor becalmed folk, were lazily looking out upon the expanse, without a hope of seeing anything to amuse us or arrest our attention, when suddenly a black speck was visible in the distance. It soon grew larger and larger, until it showed that it was a man in a canoe. Before sunset he had reached our vessel. He hurried up on deck. He was a white man, and could speak our language. As he looked worn and emaciated, I instantly begged to know whether he wanted food. Upon this he burst out into a wild laugh of delight, and exclaimed, 'Once more again— once more I am with you dear people who can keep your thoughts to yourselves. You wished to know where I came from and who I am, before you offered me food. But your face did not betray your first thoughts. You can safely tell lies-I love you.' Thereupon he kissed my hands, and began to dance about the quarter-deck. We thought him deranged. I had him clothed after our fashion, and fed; and he slept for a day and a night without waking. The first time I saw him after this he was thankful but reserved. He said he had been many weeks paddling about on the ocean, having escaped from an island in the South Sea. Gradually we became friends. At first he had an unpleasant habit of staring fixedly at you; and, if you spoke to him, he did not answer until he had peered into your face. This wore off, however; and, by degrees, he came to behave like other people. I ventured to remind him of his wild sayings when he first came on board, and expressed a wish to hear the narrative of his sufferings and of his escape. At first he showed much reluctance to gratify me in this respect; but, before our voyage ended, he did consent to tell me his story. It was this:

I am a naturalist (he said), perhaps not without renown in my own country. I came out on a voyage of discovery. It was my second voyage; and I had learnt the language spoken in many of the South Sea islands. We were wrecked in these seas some time

ago: what time I hardly know, for I have kept no account of time. The crew took to the boats, and were lost. I alone stuck to the wreck; and, drifting on with it, was slowly driven on a friendly shore. When first surrounded by the natives I at once perceived that

they were not like other men. I had the strangest feeling that you could see right into them, as it were, and that nothing was concealed from me of all they thought. A trifling incident at once confirmed this strange supposition of mine. A beautiful young woman, thirteen years of age (they grow to womanhood early there), was among the bystanders. An old man, who stood near her, and whose hand she held, exclaimed: 'Ah, Dalora, how your tender heart pities this poor man.' I had been thrown by the breakers on the rocks, and was bleeding from my wounds. When

the old man spoke to the damsel, he was standing a little behind her, and she answered, 'Yes, grandfather, I do pity him.' But her countenance, which was looking towards me, spoke these words, if I may say so, in the clearest tones: 'Oh, how hideous he is in that pale skin, of which I have never seen the like! I pray the Great Fish that grandfather will not give the pale one shelter in our house.'

Alas! alas! why should I make a long story of a sad one! I pass over the welcome that they gave me, and how I was tended, and who received me; for these are small matters. From the first I had been sure that I was thrown amongst a people somewhat alien from the rest of the human race. My worst fears were soon confirmed; and I found that all the inhabitants of this miserable island were compelled to speak with their countenances the uttermost and most exact truth to one another. There was, however, some little alleviation. Their faces only spoke the exact truth when they were in the open air, and while there was any kind of sunlight. I discovered this when I inquired for the king of the country, and wondered that I had not yet seen a monarch of whom his people were never weary of talking. The king, I found, never left his palace; for the business of statecraft could not be conducted in that country by a monarch who should indulge in open air and sunlight. For his majesty did not possess any regal privileges as regards

the concealment of his thoughts; and his face, like that of any common man, was constrained to tell. the truth if ever his majesty should come out into the open air.

The present prime minister had once taken a stroll to the seashore; and, being unfortunately encountered in his walk by the ambassador of a neighbouring island, called Lupambae, had betrayed by his looks so many state secrets, that though he lied gallantly in words all the time, and did what a prime minister could do to retrieve the misfortune, the country was nearly ruined by this betrayal of its secrets.

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It was commanded that, for the future, the prime minister, ThanTo-Khai, should always wear silver mask, except in the royal presence; and that, by way of additional precaution, ambassadors should not be received from Lupambae, unless they consented to wear four golden bells upon their coronets of coral, to give notice to all official persons of their dangerous approach.

Everything was distracted and strange in this unhappy island, which was named Titahua. To ask

a person to take a walk was considered the most deadly insult, for it was supposed that you meant to insinuate that he was not speaking the truth, and wished to seduce him into the open air to see what he really thought. There was a veiled council of eleven, who helped to decide most of the affairs of state. They were veiled, because, though the council was held within doors, and therefore the faces of the councillors were not compelled to speak the exact truth; yet the trick of looking the truth which many of these unfortunate men had contracted from their habit out of doors, led to discrepancies between the expression of their faces and their abject words, which had caused many executions in the former reign, before the councillors had thought of demanding to be veiled. Indeed, there was a melancholy story of a very wise councillor, named Calavra-Pavra, who, after listening in council to a re

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