à (prep.), of indir. obj., §362, 2, §451, 1; verb + à = Eng. tran., §296, 2; idio- matic with verbs, §296, 4; with names of countries, §333, 3, obs. ; denoting possession after être, §377, 1;in prepositional phrases, §432; repetition, $434;= 'concerning,' 'of,' §436, 2; of 'place,' 'time,' §439, 1, $444, 2; of motion to wards,' §451, 2; 'with' (characteristic), §454, 4. abbreviations, §461. 'about,' §436.
accent, accent marks, §5; stress, §7.
acute accent, §2, 1. adjective, §§336-358, see also possessive adj., demonstr. adj., interrog. adj., indef. adj., numeral ; fem., §§336-337; plur., §§338-
339; agreement, §§340- 344; as adv., §410, §343, 1; nouns as adjs., §344; com- parison, $§345-349; posi- tion, §§350-353; with à, $355; with de, $356; with en, §357; with envers, §358.
adverb, §§408-420; list, §408; in -ment from adjs., §409; adjs. as advs., §410; ad- verbial locutions, §411; comparison, §412; posi- tion $413; negatives, §§414-419; distinctions in use, §420; numeral advs., §426.
afin que,+subj.,§455, §271,2. attendant; en- que,+subj.,
agir, impers., §251, 1, obs. aïeul, plur., §309. ail, plur., §309. aimer, +à, +de, without
aller, +infin., §230, 8; im- pers., §252, 1, obs.; s'en aller, §247.
allez, special force, $267, b. allons, special force, §267, b. alphabet, §4 ; names of let- ters, §4.
$455, §271, 1. attendu, §289, a. au, à+le, §317. aucun(8), § 403, 3; use, §406, 1; with ne, §415. aucunement, with ne, §415. au-dessus de, §448, 1. au-dessous de, §453, 2. aussi, in comparison (adj.), §345; (adv.), §412. autant, §420, 2. automne, gend., §304, 3, a. autour de, §436, 1.
âme qui vive, with ne, §415, autre, §403, 3; use, §406, 2; 2, c. with ne, 419, 3, n.
áme vivante, with ne, §415, autrement, with ne, §419,
à moins que, with ne, §419,1. autrui, §403, 2; use, §405, 1. 'among,' §438. aux, à+les, $317. amour, gender, §304, 3, b. auxiliary verbs, use §§227- 'and,' untranslated, §456, 2; 229; modal auxs., §230, =ni, §457, 2. 5, n. apostrophe, §5, 5, §19. avant, §440, 2. apposition, use of art., §330,
4. approuvé, §289, a. après, §437.
après, +infin., §282, 4. après-midi, gender, §304,
arriver, impers., §252, 1,obs. article, §§315-335, see also def. art. and indef. art.; agreement and repetition, §318; use with nouns, §§319-335; omission, §330; in apposition, §330, 4; un- classified examples, §331; with proper names, §§332-
avant que, with ne, §419, 1, subj.,
b; avant que,
$455, §271, 1. avec, § 454, 1, 3. avoir, conjugn., §154; used to form comp. tenses, $227, §229; y avoir, §250; il y a and voilà, §250, 3; avoir besoin, etc. (without art.), §330, 1; avoir l'air, agree- ment of adj. with, $343, 4, c, denoting dimension, §428, obs. 3; denoting age, $430.
B. beaucoup, +de, agreement of verb, §232, 2, a, b; with partitive, §325, 1, d; re-
placed by plusieurs, §406, 4; comparison, §412, 2; not modified, §412, 2, a. 'before,' §440.
bel, $337, 1, (3). bestiaux, §308, 4, n. bétail, plur., §308,4, n. bien, with partitive, $325, 1, b; irreg. comparison, §412, 2.
bon, comparison, §346; +à or pour, §355, §355, a, §358, a.
ce n'est pas que + subj., | 'concerning,' §436, 2.
ceci, §378, 2; use, §388. cedilla, §5, 4.
cela, $378, 2; use, §388; re-
placed by là, §388, d. celui, §378, 2; use, 381. celui-ci, §378, 2; use, §382. celui-là, §378, 2; use, §382; replacing celui, §381, b.
bien que,+subj., §455, §271, cent(s), §421, b, c, d, e. -cer, verbs in, §156. certain, §403, 1; use, §404, 1. certifié, §289, a. cesser, with ne alone, $418, 4. cet, for ce, §378, 1, obs. chacun, §403, 2; use, §405, 2. chaque. §403, 1; use, §404, 2. chez, §439, 2, §451, 2, §454, 2. -ci, $380.
bouger, with ne alone, $418,4. bout; aude, §437, 2. brin, with ne, §415, 2, b. 'by,' §441; of 'dimension,' §428, a.
f', $378, 2, obs.
ça, for cela, $388, e, f; dis- tinguished from çà and çà !, $388, f. n. çà, çà !, distinguished from çà, §388, f. n. capitals, use, §21. cardinals, $421, §427; in dates, etc., §427; for or- dinals, §427. cas; au où, +indic. or subj., §455, §271, 3; au- que, +subj., $455, §271,3; dans le où, +indic. or subj., §455, §271, 3; en que, +subj., §455, $271, 3. case relations, of nouns, §313; of conjunctive pers. prons., §362.
ce (adj.), $378, 1; use, $380. ce (pron.), §378, 2; agree- ment of verb with, $232, 3; use, §§383-387; +être, $383, §384; c'est and il est, §384; +a relat., §385; in phrases, $386; ce semble, 8386, a; pleonastic, §387;
condition; à la — que, +in-
dic. or subj.,§455, §271,3,c. conditional sentences, §274, $275; use of mood and tense in, §275. conditional, tense, $265, in condl. sent., §275. conditional anterior, tense, $266; replaced by plupf. subj., $272, 3; replaced by impf. indic. in 'result' clause, $274, c.. conjunction, §§455-459; list, §455; with indic., subj., indic. or subj., see list, §455; use of certain, §§456- 459; distinctions, $459. conjunctive pron., §359 and n.; use, §§362-371. consonants, prncn., §§16-17; final, prncn., §18. couple, gender, §304, 3, e. craindre, with ne, §419, 2. orainte; de- que... ne, + subj., §455, §271, 2. D.
d'abord, §426, a. dans, §444, 1, 3; with names of countries, §333, 3, obs. dates, §427.
dative, of pers. pron., §362, 2; ethical, $362, n. davantage, §420, 3. de, as partitive sign, §§323-
325; agent after passive, $240, $356, §441, 1; verb+ de=Eng. transitive, $296, 1; idiomatic with verbs, $296, 4; with names of countries, §333, 2; de= 'in,' after superl., §347, 2; denoting 'by how much,' after superl., §349, 2; pleo- nastic after interrog., §391, n. ; of 'dimension,' §428, obs. 1, §430, obs. 3; in prepositional phrases, §432; repetition, §434; de
='by' (measure), §441, 3; de='from,' §443, 1; of 'place' (after superl.), §444, 4; de' of,' §445, 1; de='with,' §454, 6; = 'concerning,'' of,' §436, 2. de ce que, constr., §269, 4, b. décider, +à, +de, §281, 2. défier, +à, +de, §281, 3. definite article, forms, §316; contractions, §317; agree- ment and repetition, §318, $347,a; with general noun, $321; with partitive noun, $323; in titles, §327; for possessive adj., §328; dis- tributively, $329; omis- sion, §330, §333, 4; un- classified examples, §331; with names of persons, §332; with names of coun- tries, §333; with names of cities, etc., §334; with names of mountains and rivers, §335; in superla- tive, §§347-349; replacing demonstr. adj., §380, b; in fractions, §424, b. délice, gender, $304, 2, c. demi, agreement, §343, 4, a; in compounds, §311, 2, a, §343, 4, a; in fractions, §424, a. demonstrative adjective, forms, §378, 1; agreement, §379; repetition, §379, a; use, §380; replaced by def. art., §380, b. demonstrative
pronoun, forms, §378, 2; agreement, $379; use, §§381-388. demonstratives, see demon- str. adj. and demonstr.
depuis, §443, 3; with ne, $419,6; -que, distinguish- ed from puisque, $459, 3. dernier, +subj., §270, 3; +a+infin., $279, 3, a. des,=de+les, §317.
différents, §403, 1; use, envers, §451, 3. $404, 3. environ, §436, 4.
diphthongization, absent in ès, en les, §317, n. 2. French, §1, 6.
direct obj., §293. disjunctive pron., §359 and n.; use, §372; avoided, §372, 6, n.
-esse, fem. ending, §306, 2.
dire,+de,+dir. infin., §281, est-ce que, use of, §236, 4. et (conj.), use of, $456. été, invar., §239, obs. -eter, verbs in, §158. ethical dative, §362, n. être, §154; forming comp. tenses, $228, $229; form- ing passive, §239; form- ing reflexive comp. tenses, §242; as impers. verb, $250, 2; +a+infin., §279, 5 and 6, b; +à,+à....de, +a....à, §281, 8.
divers, §403, 1; use, §404, 3. donner, conjugation, §153. dont, §395; use, §398. double, as adv., §425, a. du,
dû, agreement, §292, 4, b. dur,+pour, §358, a. durant, position, §433, b.
eu, past part., agreement, §292, 4, d.
-eur, fem. of, §337, 2, (2).
'either,' 'nor-,' 'not-,' éviter, with ne, §419, 1.
$457, 3. -eler, verbs in, §158, 2. elision, $19. elliptical tense forms, §256. empêcher, with ne, §419, 1. empresser(s'),+à,+de, §281,
en (pron. adv.), §360; use, $367, §372, 6, n.; position, $370.
en (prep.), in gerunds, §286,
3; agreement of past part., §292, 3, a; with names of countries (no art.), §333, 2; repetition, §434; of 'place,' 'time,' $439, 1, §444, 2, 3; of
fâché, +contre, $356, a. façon; de -que,+indic. or subj., $455, §271, 2, a. faire,+infin., §230, 6; +de +infin., §278, 6, b; of weather, etc., §249, 2; +infin., constr. of obj., $293, a; passive force of trans. infin. after, $241, 3. fait (past part.), agreement, $292, 4, c. falloir, 251. fatiguer(se), +à,+de, §281,9. feminine, see gender.
feu, $343, 4, b.
finir, conjugation, §153; +à, +de, $281, 10. fois (une fois, etc.), §425, 2. fol, $337, 1, (3). 'for,' §442.
force, agreement, §232, 2, a. fort, sur, $357, a. foudre, gender, §304, 3, h. fractions, §424.
franc de port, §343, 4, a. 'from,' §443.
future, §263; in condl. sen- tence, $275; replaced by pres., §257, 4, 5; replaced by condl., §265, 3. future anterior, §264; re- placed by past indef., $259, 3.
garde-, in compounds, §311, 5, a.
gender, of nouns, $300-306; by meaning, § 303; by endings, §302; by deriva- tion, §301; double, §304; of compounds, §305; for- mation of fem., §306, $336, §337; of adjs., §336, $337.
general noun, §321; and
partitive, §326. gens, gender, §304, 3, j. gent, plur., $308, 5. gerund, §286, 3; English, $287, 2.
goutte, with ne, §415, 5, b. grave accent, $5, 2. guère, with ne, §415.
hair, +de+infin., §279, 6, c. haut, for hauteur, §428,
'however,' §404, 5, b and n. hymne, gender, §304, 3, d. hyphen, use, §5, 6.
ignorant, sur, §357, a. ignorer, +negative, constr. after, §269, 5, d.
il (impers.), agreement, $232, 4, §361, d; as sub- ject of impers. verb, §248, §252, 2, §253; il y a, §250, 3; il est, §250, 2, §383, 1, a, b; il faut, §251; il
indefinites, see indef. adj. and pron.
indicative mood, §254, see also the various tenses; in conditions, §275, obs. indirect discourse, mood of, $254, n. 1; tense of, §258, 5. indirect obj., $293, 2, §294, $362, 2, §451, 1. indulgent, + pour or à, §358, a.
s'en faut, §251, 5; distin--ine, fem. ending, §306, 3. guished from ce, §384, 1; infinitive mood, §§276-285; il est vrai, §384, 1, a; il semble, §386, a; il s'en faut, with ne, §419, 5; il ya, with ne, §419, 6. imperative, §26"; retention of -8 in 2 sg. before y or en, $153, §159, 4; in condl. sentence, §275; replaced by fut., $263, 4. imperfect, (indic.), §258; in narrative, examples of, §261; in condl. sentence, §275; replacing plupf. or condl. ant. in condl. sen-
tence, $275, c; (subj.), $273, 2 and 4, e; for perf. subj., §273, 4, a. impersonal verbs, §§248-253; verbs used impersonally, §252; de+infin. as logical subj. of, §280, 1. importe (qu'), §232, 4, a. 'in,' $444. indefinite article, forms, §315; agreement and re- petition, §318; use, $320; omission, $330; unclassi- fied examples, §331; with names of persons, $332, 3. indefinite adj., forms, $403, 1-3, §407, 1; use, §404, $406, §407; position in negation, $416.
indefinite pron., forms, §403, 2, 3, §407, 2; use, §405, §4C6, §407; position in negation, §416, §416, b.
without prep., §278, re- ference list, §278, 6; with à, $279, reference list, $279, 6; with de, §280, reference list, §280, 6; historical, $280, 4; dis- tinctions, $281; with other preps., $282; for subordinate clause, $283; with passive force, $284; for Eng.-ing, §285, §287, 3. interjection, §460. interrogation, word order, §236 indirect, §238. interrogative adj., forms, $389, 1; agreement, $390; use, $391, $392, 1, b, 2. interrogative locutions, §394 interrogative pron., forms,
$389, 2; agreement, $390; use, §§392, 393. interrogatives, see interrog. adj. and pron. 'into,' §414.
intransitive verbs, $294. inversions, rhetorical, §237. irregular verbs, §§156-226; list of, §226; in -er, §§156- 161; in -cer, -ger, $156; in -yer, $157; with stem- vowel e (é), §158; in -eler, -eter, §158; in -ir, §§162- 179; in -re, §§180-211; in -oir, $§212-225; in -andre, -endre, -erdre, -ondre- -ordre, §210. -issime, superl. ending, §348, a.
jamais, with ne, §415. je soussigné, $372, 2, n. jumelle, §337 1, (3).
ma mie, §374, n. m'amour, §374, n. manière, de-
que, +indic. or subj., §455, §271, 2, a.
jurer, +de, +dir. infin., manquer, +à, +de, §281,
masculine, see gender. mauvais, irreg. comparison,
c; ne...ni, position, $416, d; ne...que and seulement, §420, 4. negation, §§414-419; also ne, non, pas, etc. 'neither... nor,' translated §416, d, §457, 3.
ni, use, §233, b, §457, 1;
with ne, §415; ni... ne, position, $416, d.
même, §403, 3; use, §406, 3. n'importe, §418, 5.
mie, with ne, §415, 2, b. mien, etc., for le mien, $377, 2. mieux, §412, 2. mil, in dates, §421, c. mille, §421, e.
là, 8380. laissé, §292, 4, a. laisser, +infin., §230, 7; + de+infin., §278, 6, c; +à, +de, +dir. infin., §281, 12; constr. of obj., §293, b. large, for largeur, §428, obs. 4. lasser (se), +à, +de, §281, moi, for me, §370, 3, obs. 1.
le (la, les), see def. art. and pers. pron.; predicative, §364; pleonastic, §365; = 'one,' 'so,' §365, b. length, see quantity. lequel?, §389, 2; use, §391. lequel, §395; use, $400. 'less'; 'less and less,' §345, d; 'the less,' $345, d; 'less than' (adv. of quan- tity), §412, b. liaison, §18.
linking, see liaison. lip-rounding, §1, 4. loin que,+subj., §455, §271,
for longueur, $428, obs. 4.
1; in address, §376, 4. mood, see the various moods; of subordinate clause, §254, n. 2. 'more'; 'more and more,' §345, d; the more,' $345, d; 'more than,' (adv. of quantity), §412, b. mot, with ne, §415, 2, b.
lorsque, distinguished from multiplicatives, §425.
quand, $459, 1.
l'un, §406, 7, (1), a. l'un l'autre, §406, 7, (2).
maint, §403, 1; use, §404, 4. mal, irreg. comparison, §412, 2. malgré que, subj., §455, §271, 4.
narrow, of sounds, §1, 3. n'avoir garde, §418, 5. ne(n'), §§415-419; with pas, point, etc., $415; posi- tion, §416; omisssion, §417; alone as negative, §418; pleonastic, §419; ne...que, position, §416,
nombre, de, agreement
with verb, §232, 2, a. non (pas point), §414; que non, §420, 1, a. nonante, §421, n. nonobstant que, + subj.,
non (pas) que, subj., §455, §271, 5.
'nor'; -' either,' §457, 3. 'not'; 'either,' §457, 3. noun, §§300-314; gender, $$300-306, §§336-337; num- ber, §§307-312; case rela- tion, §313; agreement, §314; as adj., §343, 3, §344, §352, 2, (3). nous, for je, §361, a; pleo-
nastic, $372, 5, a; nous autres, §406, 2, c. nouvel, §337, 1, (3). nu, agreement, §343, 4, a. nul, §403, 3, §337, 1, (2), b; use, §406, 1; with ne, §415. nullement, with ne, §415. number, of nouns, §§307-
312; general rule, §307; exceptions, §308; double plurs., $309; foreign nouns, §310; comp. nouns, $311; plur. of proper nouns, $312; of adjs., §§338-339. numerals, §§421-430; car- dinals, §421; ordinals, §422; collectives, §423; fractions, §424; multipli- catives, §425; adverb, §426; remarks on use, §§427-430; in dates, titles,
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