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Adam Smith administration adopted advantage amount applied borrowing budget burden capital cent charge commodities connexion consumption contributions cost countries customs debt difficulty direct taxation distribution doctrine domain duties economic effect England English estimate excise existence expenditure expenses fact favour fees fiscal form of taxation France French funds further gain German important imposed incidence income tax increase indirect industry interest Italy J. S. Mill labour land tax latter legislation Léon Say levied limited loans ment method mode modern monopoly necessary noticed object obtained octrois outlay payment Physiocrats political position practical present principle production profits progressive progressive taxation proportion Prussian question railway receipts reduced regarded rent respect result revenue Roscher secure single tax sinking fund society supply theory tion United Kingdom Wagner Wealth of Nations yield
Popular passages
Page 50 - ... the duty of protecting the society from the violence and invasion of other independent societies; secondly, the duty of protecting, as far as possible, every member of the society from the injustice or oppression of every other member of it...
Page 413 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay ought to be certain and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
Page 50 - According to the system of natural liberty, the sovereign has only three duties to attend to — three duties of great importance, indeed, but plain and intelligible to common understandings: first, the duty of protecting the society from the violence and invasion of other independent societies...
Page 413 - The subjects of every state ought to contribute towards the support of the government, as nearly as possible, in proportion to their respective abilities ; that is, in proportion to the revenue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the state.
Page 414 - Every tax ought to be so contrived as both to take out and to keep out of the pockets of the people as Little as possible, over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the state.
Page 328 - States in proportion to the value of all land within each State granted to or surveyed for any person, as such land and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated, according to such mode as the United States in Congress assembled shall from time to time direct and appoint.
Page 8 - Political economy, considered as a branch of the science of a statesman or legislator, proposes two distinct objects : first, to provide a plentiful revenue or subsistence for the people, or, more properly, to enable them to provide such a revenue or subsistence for themselves ; and secondly, to supply the state or commonwealth with a revenue sufficient for the public services.
Page 661 - Here it is sufficient to say that the prophets of evil were under a double delusion. They erroneously imagined that there was an exact analogy between the case of an individual who is in debt to another individual and the case of a society which is in debt to a part of itself; and this analogy led them into endless mistakes about the effect of the system of funding.
Page 271 - A direct tax is one which is demanded from the very persons who, it is intended or desired, should pay it.
Page 706 - ... becomes at last irresistible, and overcomes the natural reluctance which every man feels to quit the place of his birth, and the scene of his early associations. A country which has involved itself in the difficulties attending this artificial system, would act wisely by ransoming itself from them, at the sacrifice of any portion of its .property which might be necessary to redeem its debt.