13. The single l, at the end of words, is sounded exactly the same as ll in the middle of words; for there is not the least difference between the pronunciation of pareil and that of pareille. See Rule 3 ante.

14. Of the double consonants, like tt in attelage, only one is sounded. When both are to be sounded, they will be noted.

15. When g is joined to the next word, it sounds like k. Thus, sang et is pronounced san-ké.

16. The t of the conjunction et is never sounded.

17. Pronounce exténué as if spelled éksténué. X has two sounds: that of ks, as in sexe, boxer; and that of gz, in all words beginning with a or ex, followed by a vowel, as in Xavier, exil.

18. The r final when preceded by e is silent, unless followed by a word commencing with a vowel. The e preceding r final is always sounded é.

19. C, before a, o, u, has always the sound of k. Thus, aucun is pronounced aukun.

20. C, before e, i, y, has always the soft sound of s.

21. When s final is joined to the next word, it sounds like z in the English word zeal. Thus, les-uns is pronounced lè-zuns.

22. When s is placed between two vowels, it sounds like ; except in compound words, in which it preserves the sound of the initial, as in parasol. Thus, chose is pronounced choz.

23. Gn, as a general rule, has a liquid sound nearly similar to that of ni in the English word onion.

24. When i, in the middle of words, is preceded by o, it alway sounds like è as in moine; except it is followed by r, when it sound. like a, as in gloire; or when it is followed by n and forms a nasın sound, in which case the i is unchanged by o preceding it, as in roine.

25. In the case of all words ending in n, in which the n ioined to the following word, as in un-âge; in order to give the cerct utter. ance, it is necessary to double the n. Thus, un âge is pronounced as if spelled un_râge, and not u_nâge. This is done for the sake

M*

of preserving the nasal sound of un, which would be lost if the latter pronunciation (u-nâge) were correct.

26. A is always long when followed by s at the end of words.

27. When the final e is preceded by a vowel, it always makes that vowel long. Thus, i in Marie is longer than in mari; and ou in moue is longer than in mou.

28. When the consonants rr form a single articulation, the vowel or vowels which precede them are generally long. Thus, bizarre is pronounced bizarre.

29. The t is soft before i, when i is followed by some other vowel or vowels. Thus, attention is pronounced atansion.

30. The u, in this word and its derivatives, has no power but that of giving a hard sound to the c preceding it.

31. The u between g, and e or i, never performs any office but that of making the g hard; except in aiguille, aiguiser, linguiste and their derivatives, and in arguer, besaiguë, ciguë, sanguification and languide; in which the u is distinctly sounded.

32. When i follows o, in monosyllables or in the last syllable of words of more than one syllable, it is always sounded like a. The s final makes it long. Thus, trois is pronounced as if spelled troâ.

33. The c has always the soft sound of s when there is a cedilla, thus f, under it.

34. The unaccented e at the end of words of more than one syllable is never sounded; but the consonant which precedes it is to be distinctly uttered with its natural sound. Hence, une, fine, &c., are not to be pronounced with the nasal sounds of un, fin, but thus, u-ne, fi-ne.

t

35. When d final is joined to the next word, it always sounds like Thus, rétend_animer is pronounced as if spelled prétan-tanimé.

36. The e, followed by z, at the end of the of verbs, is always long and sounded like é. nounced as if spelled pè-ié.

second person plural Thus, payez is pro

37. Final consonants are not sounded when followed by words commencing with consonants. Thus, dans followed by les is pronounced dan.

38. Final consonants are generally joined to the next word, when that word begins with a vowel. Thus, les affaires is pronounced lezafèr. These joining letters are marked in the Three First Parts of this work by a curve, thus

39. When the unaccented e is found in two adjoining moncsylla. bles, it is sounded in the first and silent in the second; thus, je me is pronounced je m'. When it occurs in three consecutive monosyllables, it is generally sounded in the first and last, and silent in the second: thus, que je te is generally pronounced que j' te.

40. There is no nasal sound when n or m is doubled, and the preceding vowel is short; except in ennoblir, ennuyer and their derivatives, and in emmener and all the words beginning with emm. These last three words are pronounced as if spelled an-noblir, an-nuié, an. mné.

41. The c final always sounds like k.

42. When two c's come together, the first always sounds like k; the other follows the general rule. See Rules 19, 20, ante.

43. The s is sounded in plus (the adverb of comparison) followed by que.

44. Ph is always sounded like f.

45. The h is never sounded after t.

46. The diæresis, thus", is placed over the vowels e, i, u, thus ë, I, ü, to intimate that they are to be pronounced separately from the preceding vowel. Thus, héroïnes is pronounced éro-ï-n.

LIST OF WORDS

WHICH DEVIATE FROM THE REGULAR PRONUNCIA. TION, OR PRESENT SOME DIFFICULTY.*

* Those words of this description which occur in Part I. of this work are omitted here.

†To each letter in the columns headed" Pronounced" its full value must be given, according to its French, and not its English, sound.

Pronounce the g hard in this word. See Rule 11 p. 280 ante.

Pronounce the g soft. See Rule 11, p. 280 ante

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