6,207; in 1907, 10,268. This article staple articles of our manufactures. We is, in one sense, a new production in In- find, that cotton wool has been increased dia; not that the insect is a new impor- from 332,203lbs.; in 1804, to 534,486; tation there, but that it has but lately in 1805, 642,125 in 1807; and no less become an object of European attention: than 1,189,092 in 1808. Of this, none and even at this day, it is not completely was exported. The consumption of such established, because the insect which quantities at home must mark a spread of yields the prime colour has not yet been manufactures, in some shape or other. naturalized in the country. The govern- Many other articles might be enumement has offered a premium for the in-rated, but this specimen appears to us to troduction of it. Compare Panorama, Vol. V. p. 160. : be sufficient, and as fair as any we could select. We are reminded by the number Indigo may also be considered as a new of pages already occupied, of the duty of article of importation from India. That abridgment. Most commodities importcountry, it is true, has had the dye for ed fluctuate yearly, so that, to obtain any ages, and there is every reason to believe distinct perception of their quantities, we that the name of the commodity is de- must compare distant intervals and several rived from the country but the in-years, Jogether; for which purpose tables creased production of it, and, we be- like the present are of the greatest use. lieve, the improved beauty of it, is but We cannnot advert to the other ports of of late years. India furnished in 1804, this kingdom, particularly; but must con2,632,110lbs.,-in 1806, 4,666,292; in tent ourselves with stating, that, however 1807, 2,612,181. A considerable quan- some branches of trade may appear to tity, this, of additional employment to have declined, yet that others have inthe provinces engaged in the cultivation creased is beyond denial. of this drug. The exportation from London has been somewhat more than half the quantity' imported. Pepper exhibits considerable fluctuation: the imports of it were in 1804, 7.607,410bs.; in 1805, 2,730,186; in 1806, 8,291,337; in 1807, 4,721,409. This last quantity might be thought to indicate a falling off in the article, did we not find that, after the deficient year 1805, a great quantity than before was brought over in 1806. These variations are, probably, not to be prevented; they may depend on the seasons, or on contingencies. Pepper was, exported in the year 1804, to the surprising amount of 4,407,392ibs.: it has since gradually declined to less than half that quantity: the amount for 1807, being 1,924,754 ; for 1809, being - 1,038,102. It is very likely that this commodity was one of those brought from the east by American vesseis, and sent from America to the continent of Europe. That mean of supply is now cut off, by the still subsisting embargo. Our readers will observe, that these tables do not express the value of the articles they contain, but the quantity: so that no fallacy lurks behind the present price of any of them, which, oftentimes, is owing to the exigencies of circumstances, whereas the quantities, are bond fide the measure of production, and importation, certainly; and of home consumption or exportation, probably, whatever be the nominal or real cash valuation of the commodity. We have reasons for believing that government did not commit these tables to the press without some hesitation; nor could the proper officers at first reconcile themselves to what they regarded as partaking of the nature of a disclosure of some of the means of strength, and the sinews of this kingdom. But, we presume to think, that Buonaparte can derive no very essential advantage in learning from authority, in what the trade of this country consists. We ourselves report monthly in our State of Trade and Prices Current, the names and value of many articles, without supposing that we convey an iota of information to the enemy.. Whoever would put that Usurper into the method of carrying on If we were to examine the imports at other places besides London, as Liverpool, for instance, we should, no doubt, find abundant occasion of remark. That port is well known to be favourably si-a commerce equally extended, in his own tuated for the reception and distribution ships, and of protecting the French flag of some of the materials for sundry in all parts of the world, would certainly The proportion of British vessels sent to the different ports of Europe, as might be expected, appears to have diminished gradually, as the ports on the continent were closed against the British flag. The number of these has declined from 5,222 in 1802, to 2,634 in 1807 (inward entry); while the foreign, which in 1802 were 3,305, in 1807 are 3,414: the outward entry of British ships being in the former contribute to injure Britain essentially. But the mere knowledge in what she traffics, to where, and at what advantage, does not enable the French mercantile navy to do the like. It may mortify the emperor and king, and provoke new edicts and ordonnances against British goods; but these will be regarded by those who have left their money behind them in Britain, as the emperor and king regards the thunders of the Vati-year 4,817; in the latter 2,167. Foreign can, the stings of his own conscience, or the execrations of the well-disposed part of mankind. ships were 2,921; they now ate 3,173. By adding these numbers together we find, that the number of British and foreign vessels, employed in European commerce, in 1802 was about 8,000, in 1807 it was under 6,000; a surprising number, nevertheless, after all the efforts made by the enemy, to ruin the commercial navy of Britain. We now direct our attention to a very important branch of British industry, the Shipping of the country, as indicated in the report of the entries inwards, and outwards, for the years 1802 to 1807. . The first remark we make on these tables is, that the home trade, i. e. that between Great Britain, Ireland, Gibraltar, A fact, however, has come to our Malta, Guernsey, &c. has employed a knowledge, for which, perpaps, this is as very considerable number of ships, and proper a place as any other in which to that their number is not diminished. In state it. We learn, that not a few of our 1802, it was 6,709 ships, employing vessels have been admitted into Russian 32,527 men. In 1807 it was 7,020 ships, ports under false colours and passports. employing 34,366 men. The intercourse, This at first sight appears to be of po then, it appears, between the body and the great moment: it is so common as not to members, had not only been maintained justify distinction; but, the fact is, that but had increased. In what particular the Russian nobility, who maintain their part this increase has taken place, these establishments by British commerce, have, tables do not inform us. If it were to from this circumstance, taken up an Ireland, as we suspect, the inference is, opinion that Britain MUST have their comthat, that country is advancing in mer-modities:-that, if their hemp, tallow, cantile importance, and that some of the benefits expected from the Union are beginning to shew themselves. But, if we may depend on private information, the trade to Malta, and by Malta to the Mediterranean generally, maintains an im-ceedings. The political effect of a state portance, not publicly understood. A second remark is, that the number of vessels entered outwards exceeds the number entered inwards. This must be accounted for by considering the dangers of the sea; for out of so great a navy as ten thousand vessels afloat at the same time, a number must be allowed to suffer under accidents, by winds and waves; and some by capture. Now, all that are broken up in distant ports, or are carried off by the enemy, are deductions from the aggregate body of British shipping. Alfowances also must be made for the quantity employed as transports, by government; and this is at, some times, much greater than at others. &c. were not ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY to British merchants for the supply of this country, that highly respectable body of men would not condescend to this subterfuge, in order to skreen their pro of warfare, is so greatly abated among the Russians by this manoeuvre, that they no longer deem a Revolution of consequence. They can sell the productions of their estates ;-can pocket the money, then should they have recourse to political and spend it, as heretofore; wherefore managements, which are always uncertain, and would not improve their condition? The following Tables shew the varia tions of our shipping, &c. year by year; and completely supersede any further remarks that we might be inclined to make on the subject at present: it is more than probable, that we may have early occasion to resume it. An Account of the Number of VESSELS, with the Amount of their TONNAGE, and the Number of MexOUTWARDS, between Great Britain and all Parts of the World; from the 5th January, 1802, to the→ (generally) from whence the said Vessels arrived, or where bound:-viz. Total of Great Britain 13626|1794333 108419 3728 480251 2771913011|1626574 102413|3332,457580 26387 4004 669430 33172 3717512427 27573 2989 517249 267883182 458991 24736 135 30638 1593 483 115427, 5466) 89 21090 1261 472 111857) 5664 Southern East Indies and Cape of Greenland, Total of Great Britain 12060 1620586 932164254 638104 33666 111791453066 93321 3672 574420 30612 2655 474049 23264 3852'500291 25905 2163 376095' 19467 3648 481191 25181 17243 1015 363 89580, 4358) 58 13738, 845 412 100778 4960 72 Total of Great Britain 10508 1395387 82979 421 607299 30744 11131 1463286 937484093 587849 30507 Inspector-General's Office, Custom House, London, 29th June, 1808. employed in Navigating the same (including their repeated Voyages), which Entered 1NwARDS and Cleared 5th January, 1808;-Distinguishing each Year, and British from Foreign Vessels; also, distinguishing European Kingdoms or U. S. of America... Brit. Colonies in Ameri- Ships. Tons. Men. Ships Tons. Men. ships. Tons. Men. Ships Tons. Men, 2891 517961 25068 404157646529333| 2870 508045, 19523 3453 487602 24946 70 16003 1047 392102366 4660) 49 12682 7001 433 108093 5246 18 4341 337 6 1330 76 5 797 50 6 1086 66 7174 590928 34792 69 10384 588 7333 607461| 37430 20 3863 207 East Indies and Cape of Fishery, &c..... Total of Great Britain 11414 1494290871664517691883 34733116081495209 94408 3932 60582) 30924 2719 455289 230213183460003 24284 2197 362264 18591 2872 418857 22284 53 11347 748 508135634 6103 39 8731 447 536 138856 6691 10 1975 169 7 1372 95' 63 14172 1475 3. 534 30 7985 637109 39124 83 13963 762 8382 665441 39416 29 5903 302 East Indies and Cape of 42 38239 4295) - 74 57301 6099 3 576 39 fishery, &c....... 137 41348 4701 2 693 37 98 37456 4627 Greenland, Southern Total of Great B. itain 1 21 18 1482664 88988 3793 61 2904 31354 12251|1486302| 94557|3459 568170 2963-2 YEAR 1807. European Kingdoms or U.S. of America.. rica and W. Indies Brit. Colonies in Ameri 2634 441032 22081 3414 50799624749 2167 349320 18145 3173 456649 23207 8.4 18229 1091 602 159731| 7032} 37 8168 443 657 172276 8018 50 11746 914 9 2224 113 78 17566 1870 8 1352 106 ca and W. Indies.. 1227 314209 17877 29 4197 2891 Africa, &c. ཋ। 7020 574076 34366 62 10193 594 7536 618603 37222 7 1391 70 10 East Indies and Cape off Good Hope.. Greenland, Southern Fishery, &c........ 117 34579 4239 Total of Great Britain 11213 1436667|| 8:997 4087 680144 32485 11428 1424103 89720 3846 631910 31411 WILLIAM IRVING, Inspector General of Imports and Exports, Mr. Parkinson's Organic Remains of a (Concluded from page 437.) that the sea prevails, from time to time, over tracts that have been solid ground. But history records no such continued progress, as may enable us to form any estimate as to the period when it included in its waves the height of our present mountains. We admit for instance, that the Delta of Egypt was antiently a marshy shallow, that it was gained from the sea, and rendered dry land; but this as To form a correct judgment on many of the operations of nature, requires the united powers of history, observation, and experience. The brevity of human life forbids us from indulging the expectation, that much can be obtained by per-sists us nothing in the present inquiry, sonal investigation; the most indefatigable since we know that Egypt itself then exnaturalist that ever existed, could not ac- isted, and that grounds but a few feet quire a thousandth part so much know-higher than this marsh were not subjected ledge, as he was well aware, remained to the same overflow. The most ancient unexplored by the labours of science: records we have, demonstrate, that Syria and, the result of the inquiries of those was extant, in nearly, if not quite, its who have most asiduously traced the pro- present condition throughout; and the ceedings of nature, has been a conviction shores of the Mediterranean, notwithof human incompetence, and human standing the frequency of earthquakes in Jiability to error. If this be true, of the their neighbourhood, Lave retained from researches of modern times, and on sub- the earliest ages the same general forms, jects open to observation, because extant bays, and promontories, and so nearly the in the world around us, how much great- same ports, harbours, and creeks, as to er difficulties, may we suppose, attend render the theory of gradual exchange of our inquiries into those evidences of a land and water, liable to great exceptions. prior world, and into the properties of For, if in the course of three or four thou those remains, which accident from time sand years, no variations deserving attento time, turns up from their beds of long tion have taken place, to what an infinitely repose for our inspection and contemremote period does it refer that surprising plation! change, the effect of which engrosses our astonished observation ? The contents of the hills which diversify the face of our planet, and of most of the mountains whose summits we have been able to ascend, bear ample testimony to the early existence of a different order of things, from what they now present. When we find the remains of creatures peculiar to the waters, in the midst of continents, and at heights very much above the level of the sea, we are led by the simple inductions of common sense, to conclude, that these heights are not the natural resorts of the subjects they contain. Only two ways of accounting for these appearances present themselves: either the sea once covered these mountains, as its proper bed; or some prodigious violence has torn these subjects from their native abodes, and deposited them where we find them, in an improper bed. Either they were gradually deposited where they are, or suddenly deposited: either during a lapse of ages, or on occasion of some preternatural convulsion. History acquaints us with the recovery, as it is deemed, of several small portions of land from the sea; and we know, also, We commonly call the first chapters of Genesis, a History of the Creation of the World; but the sacred writer has couched his narration in terms which are not restricted to that import. He describes the arrangement, conformation, and composing of the world:-that it was created out of nothing, at the period he mentions, he does not say. But, whatever was the beauty and excellence of that disposition of the earth's superficies, the same writer informs us, that it was broken up and defaced by a general deluge; and in adopting this event as that which effected the displacing of the creatures and strata alluded to, we have the advantage of fixing a date, and marking what, without this assistance, extends to an indefinite period,--a period as little comprehensible as eternity itself. The evidence of history, then, though of the negative kind, has great weight on this subject: it does not so much as hint at the effects of causes constantly but slowly operating, sufficient to account for phenomena, the results of which we discover; but it does, |