NOTES.

PART I.

(1) THESE were imagined to be the departed souls of virtuous men, who, as a reward of their good deeds in the present life, were appointed after death to the pleasing office of superintending the concerns of their immediate descendants.- Melmoth.

(2) Virgil, in one of his Eclogues, describes a romantic attachment as conceived in such circumstances; and the description is so true to nature, that we must surely be indebted for it to some early recollection. "You were little when I first saw you. You were with your mother gathering fruit in our orchard, and I was your guide. I was just entering my thirteenth year, and just able to reach the boughs from the ground."

So also Zappi, an Italian poet of the last century. "When I used to measure myself with my goat and my goat was the tallest, even then I loved Clori."

(3) I came to the place of my birth, and cried, "The friends of my youth, where are they?" And an echo answered, "Where are they?"- From an Arabic MS.

(4) When a traveller, who was surveying the ruins of Rome, expressed a desire to possess some relic of its ancient grandeur, Poussin, who attended him, stooped down, and gathering up a handful of earth shining with small grains of porphyry, "Take this home," said he, "for your cabinet; and say, boldly, Questa è Roma Antica."

(5) Every man, like Gulliver in Lilliput, is fastened to some spot of earth, by the thousand small threads which habit and association are continually stealing over him. Of these, perhaps, one of the strongest is here alluded to.

When the Canadian Indians were once solicited to emigrate, "What!" they replied, "shall we say to the bones of our fathers, Arise, and go with us into a foreign land?"

(6) He wept; but the effort that he made to conceal his tears concurred with them to do him honor: he went to the mast-head, &c.—See Cook's First Voyage, book i. chap. 16.

Another very affecting instance of local attachment is related of his fellow-countryman Potaveri, who came to Europe with M. de Bougainville. See Les Jardins, chant. ii.

(7) Elle se leve sur son lict et se met à contempler la France encore, et tant qu'elle peut. -Brantôme.

(8) To an accidental association may be ascribed some of the noblest efforts of human genius. The historian of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire first conceived his design among the ruins of the Capitol ; * and to the tones of a Welsh harp are we indebted for the Bard of Gray.

"It was on the 15th of October, 1764, as I sat musing there, while the bare-footed friars were singing verses in the Temple of Jupiter, that the idea first started to my mind."- Memoirs of my Life.

(9) Who can enough admire the affectionate attachment of Plutarch, who thus concludes his enumeration of the advantages of a great city to men of letters: "As to myself, I live in a little town; and I choose to live there, lest it should become still less.". Vit. Demosth.

(10) He was suspected of murder, and at Venice suspicion was good evidence. Neither the interest of the Doge, his father, nor the intrepidity of conscious innocence, which he exhibited in the dungeon and on the rack, could procure his acquittal. He was banished to the Island of Candia for life.

But here his resolution failed him. At such a distance from home he could not live; and, as it was a criminal offence to solicit the intercession of any foreign prince, in a fit of despair he addressed a letter to the Duke of Milan, and intrusted it to a wretch whose perfidy, he knew, would occasion his being remanded a prisoner to Venice.

(11) Whatever withdraws us from the power of our senses-whatever makes the past, the distant or the future, predominate over the present-advances us in the dignity of thinking beings. Far from me and from my friends be such frigid philosophy as may conduct us indifferent and unmoved over any ground which has been dignified by wisdom, bravery or virtue! That man is little to be envied whose patriotism would not gain force upon the plain of Marathon, or whose piety would not grow warmer among the ruins of Iona.-Johnson.

(12) The Paraclete, founded by Abelard, in Champagne.

(13) Alexander, when he crossed the Hellespont, was in the twenty-second year of his age; and with what feelings must the Scholar of Aristotle have approached the ground described by Homer in that poem which had been his delight from his childhood, and which records the achievements of him from whom he claimed his descent!

It was his fancy, if we may believe tradition, to take the tiller from Mencetius, and be himself the steersman during the passage. It was his fancy also to be the first to land, and to land full-armed. - Arrian, i. 11.

(14) Vows and pilgrimages are not peculiar to the religious enthusiast. Silius Italicus performed annual ceremonies on the mountain of Posilipo; and it was there that Boccaccio, quasi da un divino estro inspirato, resolved to dedicate his life to the Muses.

(15) When Cicero was quæstor in Sicily, he discovered the tomb of Archimedes by its mathematical inscription. - Tusc. Quæst. v. 23.

(16) The influence of the associating principle is finely exemplified in the faithful Penelope, when she sheds tears over the bow of Ulysses. Od. xxi. 55.

(17) The celebrated Ranz des Vaches; cet air si chéri des Suisses qu'il fut défendu sous peine de mort de la jouer dans leurs troupes, parce qu'il faisoit fondre en larmes, déserter ou mourir ceux qui l'entendoient, tant il excitoit en eux l'ardent désir de revoir leur pays. -Rousseau.

The maladie de pays is as old as the human heart. Juvenal's little cup-bearer

Suspirat longo non visam tempore matrem,
Et casulam, et notos tristis desiderat hoedos.

And the Argive in the heat of battle

Dulces moriens reminiscitur Argos.

Nor is it extinguished by any injuries, however cruel they may be. Ludlow, write as he would over his door at Vevey,* was still anxious to return home; and how striking is the

• Omne solum forti patria est, quia Patris.

testimony of Camillus, as it is recorded by Livy! "Equidem fatebor vobis," says he in his speech to the Roman people, "etsi minus injuriæ vestræ quam meæ calamitatis meminisse juvat; quum abessem, quotiescunque patria in mentem veniret, hæc omnia occurrebant, colles, campique, et Tiberis, et assueta oculis regio, et hoc cœlum, sub quo natus educatusque essem. Quæ vos, Quirites, nunc moveant potius caritate sua, ut maneatis in sede vestra, quam postea quum reliqueritis ea, macerent desiderio." - V. 54.

(18) This emperor constantly passed the summer in a small villa near Reate, where he was born, and to which he would never add any embellishment; ne quid scilicet oculorum consuetudini deperiret. — Suet. in Vit. Vesp. cap. ii.

A similar instance occurs in the life of the venerable Pertinax, as related by J. Capitolinus. Posteaquam in Liguriam venit, multis agris coemptis, tabernam paternam, manente forma priore, infinitis ædificiis circundedit. — Hist. August. 54.

And it is said of Cardinal Richelieu, that, when he built his magnificent palace on the site of the old family chateau at Richelieu, he sacrificed its symmetry to preserve the room in which he was born. - Mém. de Mlle. de Montpensier, i. 27.

An attachment of this nature is generally the characteristic of a benevolent mind; and a long acquaintance with the world cannot always extinguish it.

"To a friend," says John, Duke of Buckingham, "I will expose my weakness: I am oftener missing a pretty gallery in the old house I pulled down, than pleased with a saloon which I built in its stead, though a thousand times better in all respects."-See his Let ter to the D. of Sh.

This is the language of the heart, and will remind the reader of that good-humored remark in one of Pope's letters: "I should hardly care to have an old post pulled up, that I remembered ever since I was a child."

The author of Telemachus has illustrated this subject, with equal fancy and feeling, in the story of Alibée, Persan.

(19) That amiable and accomplished monarch, Henry the Fourth of France, made an excursion from his camp, during the long siege of Laon, to dine at a house in the forest of Folambray ; where he had often been regaled, when a boy, with fruit, milk and new cheese; and in revisiting which he promised himself great pleasure. Mém. de Sully.

(20) Diocletian retired into his native province, and there amused himself with building, planting and gardening. His answer to Maximian is deservedly celebrated. "If," said he, "I could show him the cabbages which I have planted with my own hands at Salona, he would no longer solicit me to return to a throne."

(21) When the Emperor Charles the Fifth had executed his memorable resolution, and had set out for the monastery of Justé, he stopped a few days at Ghent to indulge that tender and pleasant melancholy, which arises in the mind of every man in the decline of life, on visiting the place of his birth, and the objects familiar to him in his early youth.

(22) Monjes solitarios del glorioso padre San Geronimo, says Sandova.

In a corner of the Convent-garden there is this inscription: En esta santa casa de S. Geronimo de Justé se retiró à acabar su vida Carlos V. Emperador, &c. - Ponz.

(23) The memory of the horse forms the ground-work of a pleasing little romance, entitled, "Lai du Palefroi vair."- See Fabliaux du XII. Siecle.

Ariosto likewise introduces it in a passage full of truth and nature. When Bayardɔ meets Angelica in the forest,

(24) During the siege of Harlem, when that city was reduced to the last extremity, and on the point of opening its gates to a base and barbarous enemy, a design was formed to relieve it; and the intelligence was conveyed to the citizens by a letter which was tied under the wing of a pigeon. Thuanus, lv. 5.

The same messenger was employed at the siege of Mutina, as we are informed by the elder Pliny. - Hist. Nat. x. 37.

(25) This little animal, from the extreme convexity of her eye, cannot see many inches before her.

PART II.

(1) True glory, says one of the ancients, is to be acquired by doing what deserves to be written, and writing what deserves to be read; and by making the world the happier and the better for our having lived in it.

(2) There is a future existence even in this world,— an existence in the hearts and minds of those who shall live after us.*

It is a state of rewards and punishments; and, like that revealed to us in the gospel, has the happiest influence on our lives. The latter excites us to gain the favor of God, the former to gain the love and esteem of wise and good men; and both lead to the same end; for, in framing our conceptions of the Deity, we only ascribe to him exalted degrees of wisdom and goodness.

(3) The highest reward of virtue is virtue herself, as the severest punishment of vice is vice herself.

(4) The astronomer chalking his figures on the wall in Hogarth's view of Bedlam is an admirable exemplification of this idea. See the Rake's Progress, plate 8.

(5) The following stanzas† are said to have been written on a blank leaf of this poem. They present so affecting a reverse of the picture, that I cannot resist the opportunity of introducing them here.

"Pleasures of Memory! O! supremely blest,

And justly proud beyond a poet's praise;
If the pure confines of thy tranquil breast
Contain, indeed, the subject of thy lays!
By me how envied! - for to me,
The herald still of misery,
Memory makes her influence known

By sighs, and tears, and grief alone:

I greet her as the fiend, to whom belong

The vulture's ravening beak, the raven's funeral song

"She tells of time misspent, of comfort lost,

Of fair occasions gone forever by ;

Of hopes too fondly nursed, too rudely crossed,
Of many a cause to wish, yet fear to die;

De tous les biens humains c'est le seul que la mort ne nous peut ravir. - Bous

+ By Henry F. R. Soame, of Trinity College, Cambridge.

For what, except the instinctive fear
Lest she survive, detains me here,
When all the life of life' is fled?

What, but the deep inherent dread

Lest she beyond the grave resume her reign,

And realize the hell that priests and beldames feign?"

(6) On the road side between Penrith and Appleby there stands a small pillar with this inscription:

"This pillar was erected in the year 1656, by Ann, Countess Dowager of Pembroke, &c., for a memorial of her last parting, in this place, with her good and pious mother, Margaret, Countess Dowager of Cumberland, on the 2d of April, 1616; in memory whereof she hath left an annuity of 47. to be distributed to the poor of the parish of Brougham, every second day of April forever, upon the stone table placed hard by. Laus Deo!"

The Eden is the principal river of Cumberland, and rises in the wildest part of Westmoreland.

(7) "I would not exchange my dead son,” said he, "for any living son in Christendom." -Hume.

The same sentiment is inscribed on an urn at the Leasowes. "Heu, quanto minus est cum reliquis versari, quam tui meminisse !"

(8) A small island covered with trees, among which were formerly the ruins of a religious house.

(9) In a mountain-lake the agitations are often violent and momentary. The winds blow in gusts and eddies; and the water no sooner swells than it subsides. See Bourn's Hist. of Westmoreland.

(10) The several degrees of angels may probably have larger views, and some of them De endowed with capacities able to retain together, and constantly set before them, as in one picture, all their past knowledge at once. - Locke.

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