175 ..... ipsum illud quod in se rationem non habet in ratione versetur. Nam mihi ne dicere quidem videtur nisi qui disposite, ornate, copiose dicit, sed tumultuari. Nec fortuiti sermonis contextum 13 mirabor umquam, quem iurgantibus etiam mulierculis superfluere video, cum eo quod, si calor ac spiritus tulit, frequenter accidit ut successum extemporalem consequi cura non possit. Deum tunc 14 adfuisse, cum id evenisset, veteres oratores, ut Cicero, dictitabant. Sed ratio manifesta est. Nam bene concepti adfectus et recentes rerum imagines continuo impetu feruntur, quae nonnumquam mora stili refrigescunt et dilatae non revertuntur. Utique vero, § 105 Cicero has cum ita heres institutus locuti sumus, i. e. in §§ 5-7. quod... non habet: cp. § 11 usus inrationalis, where there is no consciousness of method. in ratione versetur = arte, artis et rationis praeceptis contineatur. Though mechanical, through habit it should be based on method and rational principle. nisi qui &c. Cp. Cic. de Orat. i. § 48 Sin oratoris nihil vis esse nisi composite ornate copiose loqui, &c. The first refers to collocatio, the second to elocutio, and the third to inventio. tumultuari, to 'rant.' Cp. vii. pr. § 3 oratio carens hac virtute (sc. ordine) tumultuetur necesse est : ii. 12, 11 cum interim non actores modo aliquos invenias, sed, quod est turpius, praeceptores etiam qui brevem dicendi exercitationem consecuti omissa ratione, ut tulit impetus, passim tumultuentur, eosque qui plus honoris litteris tribuerunt ineptos ieiunos et tepidos et infirmos, ut quodque verbum contumeliosissimum occurrit, appellent. et § 13. fortuiti sermonis, 'random talk.' contextum = continuam orationem, cp. § 26. The word denotes mere continuity of speech, a mere train of words. superfluere video: see Crit. Notes. cum eo quod, with this consideration that,' connects in a loose manner with what goes before: 'and this I say with the addition that,' &c. The usual explanation is 'with the exception or limitation that,' &c. so Günther postquam sese mirari nunquam fortuiti sermonis contextum dixit, hoc enuntiato a "cum eo quod" pendente orationi moderatur et concedit frequenter, si calor ac spiritus tulerit, curam consequi non posse successum extemporalem': cp. Cic. ad Att. vi. 1, § 4 sit sane, quoniam ita tu vis, sed tamen cum eo, credo, quod sine peccato meo fiat. But Quintilian is not taking back' what he has said in 'nec mirabor': he is going on to add what is really an independent statement. Other uses of cum eo quod occur ii. 4, 30 cum eo quidem, quod vix ullus est tam communis locus, qui possit cohaerere cum causa nisi aliquo propriae quaestionis circulo copulatus: xii. 10, 47 cum eo quod, si non ad luxuriam ac libidinem referas, eadem speciosiora quoque sint quae honestiora. See Introd. p. liii. spiritus: see on 1 § 27. tulit. For ferre used absolutely: cp. 3 § 7 si feret flatus, and such phrases as 'si occasio tulerit.' Krüger supplies ali quem, comparing 1 § 110.-For the perfect, used like the Greek aorist to denote repeated occurrence, cp. refrixit 3 § 6, and accessit ... restitit § 14 below. ut possit-that the success of such impromptu speaking is not attained by study and premeditation (cura). § 14. ut Cicero. No such saying can be found in Cicero's extant works: cp. however de Orat. i. § 202. For the reading see Crit. Notes. ratio manifesta est: cp. 5 § 3. bene concepti adfectus, 'emotion profoundly felt': v. on § 15 and cp. vi. 2, 30 has (imagines rerum) quisquis bene conceperit is erit in adfectibus potentissimus. recentes rerum imagines: 'fresh,' 'vivid' conceptions, or ideas: a lively imagination. continuo impetu feruntur: 'sweep along in uninterrupted course.' refrigescunt, cp. 3 § 6, and § 33. utique: see on I § 20. 15 cum infelix illa verborum cavillatio accessit et cursus ad singula vestigia restitit, non potest ferri contorta vis; sed, ut optime vocum singularum cedat electio, non continua sed composita est. Quare capiendae sunt illae, de quibus dixi, rerum imagines, quas vocari parraσías indicavimus, omniaque, de quibus dicturi erimus, personae, quaestiones, spes, metus, habenda in oculis, in adfectus recipienda; pectus est enim, quod disertos facit, et vis mentis. Ideoque imperitis quoque, si modo sunt aliquo adfectu 16 concitati, verba non desunt. Tum intendendus animus, non in aliquam rem unam, sed in plures simul continuas, ut si per aliquam rectam viam mittamus oculos simul omnia quae sunt in ea circaque intuemur, non ultimum tantum videmus, sed usque infelix. . . . verborum cavillatio: of the morbid carping self-criticism spoken of in 3 § 10: 1 § 115. For infelix see on 1 § 7. non potest ferri contorta vis: 'there can be no energy in the swing,' a figure taken from the discharge of missile weapons, such as the sling and the javelin. Vis contorta fertur = the vis (of the speech) is whirled and sped onward': for ferri cp. ix. 4, 112 oratio quae ferri debet et fluere. For the whole expression cp. Cic. Orator 234 Demosthenes! cuius non tam vibrarent fulmina illa, nisi numeris contorta ferrentur, (Quint. ix. 4. 55,) where contorquere describes the whirling action which imparts to the missile that rotating movement by which (as with our rifled guns) it is made more certain to hit the mark: see Sandys ad loc. Quintilian has a similar figure in ix. 4, 9 mihi compositione velut amentis quibusdam nervisve intendi et concitari sententiae videntur. ut = though. The continua...composita,' the style is not all of one pattern, but rather a patchwork,'-it does not flow on spontaneously, but is elaborately put together. subject oratio must be supplied out of the context: cp. § 26, and 1 §§ 7 and 29. Becher renders nicht aus ganzem Holze (geschnitten) sondern geleimt,'not all of one piece but glued together: and compares corpora continua' and 'composita' in Sen. xvii. 2, 6 (102),organisms' and mechanical fabrics. § 15. de quibus dixi. Cp. vi. 2, 29 Quas pavracías Graeci vocant (nos sane visiones appellemus) per quas imagines rerum absentium ita repraesentantur animo ut eas cernere oculis ac praesentes habere videamur, has quisquis bene conceperit is erit in adfectibus potentissimus. So of the creations of the painter's fancy, xii. 10, 6 concipiendis visionibus, quas pavracías vocant, praestantissimus Theon Samius. dicturi erimus. The careful selection of the tense is to be noted: cp. Cic. de Orat. i. § 223 eorum apud quos aliquid aget aut erit acturus mentes sensusque degustet, where agit is contemporaneous with degustet, while erit acturus is regarded as still future.-There is negligence in the juxtaposition of dixi and dicturi erimus. in adfectus recipienda, sc. that emotions may thereby be excited which shall find expression in what we say. The intensity of these emotions will depend on the vividness of the images in the mind. pectus: 'feeling.' The sentence is carefully arranged: besides the chiasmus above (habenda in oculis, in adfectus recipienda) pectus now takes up in adfectus recipienda, while vis mentis refers to habenda in oculis, and denotes accordingly force or clearness of conception. § 16. Tum, if allowed to stand (see Crit. Notes), does not introduce a help to oratory, like pectus above (cp. si modo sunt aliquo adfectu concitati), and addit ad dicendum etiam pudor stimulos in the following sentence. The words from pectus est enim to verba non desunt form a parenthesis, and tum intendendus resumes the previous recommendation, omniaque de quibus dicturi erimus... recipienda. This is clear from the correspondence of participles, capiendae... habenda... recipienda... intendendus. continuas, here of things that 'hang together': tr. 'in an orderly sequence.' circa, on either side.' ad ultimum. Addit ad dicendum etiam pudor stimulos, mirumque videri potest quod, cum stilus secreto gaudeat atque omnes tarbitros reformidet, extemporalis actio auditorum frequentia, ut miles congestu signorum, excitatur. Namque et difficiliorem 17 pudor = 'amour-propre,' sense of honour as (possibly) to be compromised by failure. stilus secreto: 3 § 23 sq. congestu signorum: the 'crowded standards,'-of the moment when the legion is about to advance, and the standard of every company is set in motion at the same time. This is better than to take it of the assembling of the standard-bearers with their ensigns round the general's tribunal, while he addresses the army on the eve of battle. § 17. difficiliorem: thought that labours, is slow to find utterance. expellit, stronger than exprimit: cp. 386. secundos impetus, the favourable glow,'-the 'élan' so helpful for the expression of thought. pretium, like praemium in a parallel passage, Tac. Dial. 36: ita ad summa eloquentiae praemia magna etiam necessitas accedebat, et quo modo disertum haberi pulchrum et gloriosum sic contra mutum et elinguem videri deforme habebatur. quamquam, with subj. 1 § 33. opinionis, 'reputation,' the favourable estimate which others form of us: see on 518 and cp. § 24 below: Cic. pro Arch. § 26. Introd. p. xliv. § 18. id, i. e. ut ex tempore dicere possit: the faculty of improvisation. praecepimus: 6 § 3. N contineri, 6 § 3 augenda vis et exercitatione multa continenda est. § 19. debet. The subject which the editors generally say is to be supplied is 'facilitas extemporalis': cp. 6 § 4. But Becher is probably right in supplying a personal subject (as I § 7: 2 § 24: 7 §§ 4, 25), the orator,' 'the budding rhetorician,' or even Tis: cp. nec quisquam. If extemporalis facilitas were the subject of the sentence, ipsa would have been expected instead of ea. See Critical Notes. non utique: 'not of course,' 'not necessarily.' See on I§ 20: cp. xii. 2, 18. in prosa: see on 1 § 81. Antipater of Sidon, an Alexandrine poet, cir. B. C. 135. Cic. de Orat. iii. § 194 quod si Antipater ille Sidonius . . solitus est versus hexametros aliosque variis modis atque numeris fundere ex tempore, tantumque hominis ingeniosi ac memoris valuit exercitatio ut, cum se mente ac voluntate coniecisset in versum, verba sequerentur, quanto id facilius in oratione, exercitatione et consuetudine adhibita, consequemur! Archias. Cic. pro Arch. 8 § 18 quotiens ego hunc vidi, cum litteram scripsisset nullam, magnum numerum optimorum versuum de iis ipsis rebus quae tum agerentur dicere ex tempore. non quia... non. For the subjunctive, see Introd. p. liv: cp. § 31, below. nostris quoque temporibus non et fecerint quidam hoc et faciant. Quod tamen non ipsum tam probabile puto (neque enim habet aut usum res aut necessitatem) quam exhortandis in hanc spem, 20 qui foro praeparantur, utile exemplum. Neque vero tanta esse umquam debet fiducia facilitatis ut non breve saltem tempus, quod nusquam fere deerit, ad ea quae dicturi sumus dispicienda sumamus, quod quidem in iudiciis ac foro datur semper; neque 21 enim quisquam est qui causam quam non didicerit agat. Declamatores quosdam perversa ducit ambitio ut exposita controversia protinus dicere velint, quin etiam, quod est in primis frivolum ac scaenicum, verbum petant quo incipiant. Sed tam contumeliosos in se ridet invicem eloquentia, et qui stultis videri 22 eruditi volunt, stulti eruditis videntur. Si qua tamen fortuna tam subitam fecerit agendi necessitatem, mobiliore quodam opus erit ingenio, et vis omnis intendenda rebus et in praesentia remittendum aliquid ex cura verborum, si consequi utrumque non dabitur. Tum et tardior pronuntiatio moras habet et suspensa ac velut dubitans oratio, ut tamen deliberare, non Becher rightly explains (Bursian's Jahresb.) that credendum enim Ciceroni est is to be bracketed as a parenthesis of the writer's to Antipater Sidonius and Licinias Archias, -examples which give the motive for the half apology non quia, &c. Tr. 'though I do not wish to be understood to mean that,' &c. Others explain the sentence as elliptical: 'I do not quote Cicero's authority because we have not abundant examples in our own times, but because his authority, at any rate, will be unquestioned,' Frieze. quidam. Hild thinks the reference must be particularly to Statius: Silv. I pr. hos libellos qui mihi subito calore et quadam festinandi voluptate fluxerunt: and iii. pr. libellos... subito natos. Possibly also to Remmius Palaemon, the teacher of Quintilian: Suet. Gram. 23 poemata faciebat ex tempore. quod... ipsum. This accomplishment in itself,' viz. facilitas ex tempore carmina fingendi. = in hanc spem huius in rei spem. Cp. 32 sine hac conscientia. § 20. non... saltem: see on 2 § 15. didicerit. In acquainting himself with the facts of a case, and considering (however briefly) the principles applicable to it, the judicial pleader has always some little time to think over his speech. 21. Declamatores: see on I § 71. ambitio: see Introd. p. xliv. exposita controversia, as soon as the question is stated.' frivolum, 'in bad taste,' a word characteristic of the Silver Age. scaenicum, 'theatrical.' On the stage, actors often start off with such a cue.' Cp. i. 11, 3 plurimum. . . aberit a scaenico: xi. 3, 57 modulatio scacnica: ib. § 123 nam et complodere manus scaenicum est et pectus caedere. We may also recall nedum ille scaenicus (Nero)': Tac. Ann. xv. 59. § 22. vis omnis intendenda rebus. Cp. Cato's golden rule for the speaker, rem tene verba sequentur: Cic. de Orat. ii. § 146: iii. § 125: Hor. A. P. 311. non dabitur, cp. § 29: Verg. Aen. i. 408 cur dextrae iungere dextram non datur? tardior pronuntiatio. The opposite is citata xi. 3, III aliis locis citata aliis pressa conveniet pronuntiatio. habet, secures.' Krüger (3rd ed.) would prefer to read habebit. suspensa ... dubitans: a 'slow and undecided style of speaking,' in which one is, as it were, feeling one's way. Tac. Ann. i. 11 of Tiberius, suspensa semper et obscura verba. hacsitare videamur. Hoc, dum egredimur e portu, si nos non- 23 dum aptatis satis armamentis aget ventus; deinde paulatim simul euntes aptabimus vela et disponemus rudentes et impleri sinus optabimus. Id potius quam se inani verborum torrenti dare quasi tempestatibus quo volent auferendum. Sed non minore studio continetur haec facultas quam paratur. 24 Ars enim semel percepta non labitur, stilus quoque intermissione paulum admodum de celeritate deperdit: promptum hoc et in expedito positum exercitatione sola continetur. Hac uti sic optimum est ut cotidie dicamus audientibus pluribus, maxime de quorum simus iudicio atque opinione solliciti; rarum est chal enim ut satis se quisque vereatur. Vel soli tamen dicamus potius quam non omnino dicamus. Est alia exercitatio cogitandi 25 § 23. hoc, sc. fieri potest. For the ellipse cp. vi. 4, 10 hoc, dum ordo est et pudor: xi. 1, 76 hoc et apud eos. dum egredimur, &c. As in § I the simile takes the place of the main thought without any word of introduction: cp. athleta 1 § 4. simul. The juxtaposition of simul and euntes reminds us of the Greek constr. of ἅμα with a participle = ἅμα πορευόμενοι. aptabimus... optabimus. The assonance is surely an example of Quintilian's negligent style, rather than (as Krüger thinks) an intentional pun. So aptatis... aptabimus, in this passage. § 24. ars: cp. on § 7. non labitur. The sense is clear, though the reading is very uncertain: 'la connaissance théorique une fois acquise ne se perd pas,' Hild, who suspects that animo or mente has fallen out. Cp. de Orat. ii. § 109 ante enim praeterlabitur (sc. definitio) quam percepta est. Labi by itself well expresses the gradual 'oozing away' of anything from the mind. Verg. Ecl. i. 63 quam nostro illius labatur pectore vultus. It might however be preferable to read nunquam instead of See Crit. Notes. non. deperdit. Cic. Verr. ii. 2, 30 ut ne quid de libertate deperderit. promptum hoc et in expedito positum: this promptitude and readiness for action.' The neuter of the adj. and the part. are used along with the demonstrative in place of abstract nouns, in which Latin is not strong. Cp. Livy vii. 8, 5 diu non perlitatum tenuerat dictatorem: Tac. Ann. iii. 80 Capito insignitior infamia fuit quod ... egregium publicum et bonas domi artes dehonestavisset; v. Nägelsbach, Lat. Stil. p. 98 sq. and 140 sq.: Introd. p. xlviii. rarum est ut raro fit ut. Cp. primum est ut 2 § 18. non omnino. The adverb strengthens the negative (cp. où návv), instead of the negative being employed for the negation of the adverb. So often prorsus and sane. § 25. est alia exercitatio cogitandi persequendi. There is a similar transition at ix. 2, 57 est alia non quidem reticentia. The sequence of thought is as follows: the best method of acquiring and maintaining the facultas ex tempore dicendi is to discourse daily before competent hearers: if that is not possible soli tamen dicamus; this is better than not speaking at all. There is another exercitatio (i. e. as a help to keeping up the facultas ex tempore dicendi), viz. the going over our subject-matter in silent thought, as we can do always and everywhere. Cogitandi and persequendi are genitives of definition, or epexegetic genitives (standing in the place of appositional infinitives): cp. exitus mortis, τέλος Bavárolo, and (cited by Krüger) Cic. de Fin. iii. 14, 45 denique ipsum bonum quod in eo positum est ut naturae consentiat, crescendi accessionem (= accessionem quae fit crescendo) nullam habet : de Orat. 1 § 90 quod consuetudo exercitatioque et intellegendi prudentiam (=prudentiam quae cernitur in intellegendo, or prudentiam ad intellegendum) acueret et eloquendi celeritatem incitaret. With |