bär, fall, what, prey, marïne, pin, bird, möve, No. 148.-CXLVIII. Words of irregular orthography. written. pronounced. written. pronounced. written. pronounced. should shood ferm debt det göst phlegm flem ba teau ba to' beau bo croup croop tömb toom written. book, dove, full, use, can, chaise, ġem, thin, thou. pronounccd. neigh bor na' bor piq uant pik' ant seign ior seen yor piq' uan cy pik' an cy se rag lio se ral' yo ptis an tiz' an asth ma ast' ma chough clough slough The following end with the sound of f. rough cough [cauf] bär, fall, whạt, prey, marïne, pin, bird, möve, In the following, geon are pronounced nearly jin, and cheon, chin. In the following, gion are pronounced nearly as jun; geous and gious as jus. In the following, ou are pronounced as aw, and gh are mute. In the following, ue at the end of the primitive word are book, dove, full, use, can, chaise, gem, thin, thou. No. 149.-CXLIX. Regular verbs form the past tense, and participle of the past, by taking ed, and the participle of the present tense by taking ing; as called, calling, from cali. The letter p stands for past tense; ppr. for participle of the present tense; and a for agent. Monosyllabic verbs ending in a single consonant before a single vowel, and other verbs ending in a single accented consonant before a single vowel, double the final consonant in the derivatives. Thus, abet, abetted, abetting, abettor. l'erbs having a digraph, diphthong, or long vowel sound before the last consonant, do not double that consonant. l'erbs ending in two consonants do not double the last. Verbs ending in a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, the last consonant or syllable not being accented, ought not to double the last consonant in the derivatives. The name of the agent, when the verb admits of it, is formed in like manner, without doubling the last consonant, as caviler, worshiper, duelist, libeler, traveler. So also adjectives are formed from these verbs without doubling the last consonant, as libelous, marvelous. When verbs end in e after d and t, the final e in the past tense and participle of the perfect tense, unites with d and forms an additional syllable, but it is dropped before ing. Thus abate, abated, abating. ed ing ed ing ed ing In verbs ending in e after any other consonant than d and t, the past tense is formed by the addition of d, and this letter with the final e may form a distinct syllable; but usually the e is dropped and d is blended with the last syllable of the verb. Thus abased is pronounced abasd. Before ing, e is dropped. Note. Although ed in the past tense and participle is thus blended with the last syllable af the verb, yet when a noun is formed by adding ness to such | participles, the ed becomes a distinct syllable. Thus blessed may be pronounced in one syllable; but blessedness must be in thrce. Verbs ending in ay, oy, ow, ew, and ey, have regular derivatives in ed and ing. A few monosyllables, as pay, say, and lay, change y into i, as paid, said, laid. Verbs ending in y, change y into i in the past tense and participle of the perfect, but retain it in the participle of the present tense. |