governs it. It invariably comes after imperatives, infinitives and present participles, forming but one word with them; as,

This blending two or three words into one is a peculiarity of the southern languages, which we must examine a little closer. The union we have just seen may be called simple, as there is but one pronoun affixed to the verb, but there is another which we will designate compound, when the pronouns me, thee, &c., are combined with it, them, &c.

To express with me, with thee, with him, the syllable go must be added to the pronoun, and form but one word with the union of the preposition; as,

conmigo, with me.

contigo, with thee.

consigo, with him, &c.

EXERCISE FIFTEENTH.-ON PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

He gave it to me yesterday. We have given him the journal.

Let us send it to the girl's mother. I have given him

Have you seen the new work? No; but I will send my

servant to purchase it. Do you speak Spanish? I can read

criado

hablar

poder

and write it, but I do not speak it well. I lost a dog yesterday,

and a soldier found him this morning. Have you received a

letter from the general? No; but I wrote to him last week.

carta

No

pasada

Do you know the young ladies who have just arrived? Yes,

vm.

Sir, my mother has sent them an invitation to come and see

Señor mi

us.

convite

We spoke to him, but he gave us no reply.

ver

She saw

them from the window. We told them the pure truth, but they

had formed different opinions and did not believe us. I

diverso

exhorted him to be more prudent, but he would not listen to

exhortar

pero

escuchar

me. We saw them enter the gates of the palace. Do you

admire the painter's productions? I have not seen many of

them; but those I know please me very much. I have pero aquellas que

mucho.

heard the play, but I do not like it. He bought a handsome

comedia

по

hermoso

gold watch and sent it to her. I have forgotten the book I

relox

olvidar

que

wished to lend you. No matter, promise you will bring it me

to-morrow. I will endeavour not to forget it. Have you seen

mañana.

по

ver

the new gallery of paintings? Yes; I saw it yesterday. He

galeria

Si

ayer

told me in the last letter that he had matters of importance to

decir

carta

negocios

communicate to me. She explained to us the nature of the

country, and the difficulties which would attend us in attempting pais

forgive an injury than to revenge it. Have you read the book?

injuria

vm.

libro?

I have seen it, but I have only read small portions of it.

sister is returned from school. I have not seen her for

escuela.

ver

fourteen years. Do you find her much changed? The candle

año.

mucho

candela

is out: light it. I can not light it, for there is no wick. She

has basely deceived me, and I will see her no more.

vilmente

y

mas.

CHAPTER XVI.

ON PRONOUNS.-(CONTINUED.)

Possessive and Demonstrative.

POSSESSIVE pronouns may be divided into two classes, viz., Possessive personal, or those which stand without the noun, or follow it; and the Possessive adjective, those which precede the noun and change according to its number. Examples:

Although no change then takes place in the possessive personal in English when applied to masculine, feminine, singular, or plural, it varies in Spanish according to the noun it belongs to, even should that noun not be expressed in the phrase. The following are the possessive adjective, or those pronouns which always precede the noun.

You must observe that as the use of vosotros, you, has gone out, and that the third person singular with vm. is employed in its place, vuestro can only be used in the plural when addressing your familiars, whom you would separately address by thou. Examples of possessive adjective pronouns :

my book.

my sister.
of thy sons.
with thy pens.

by his evil proceeding.
my good father.
with thy lovely eyes.

Fortune with her smile, her wheel,
her treasures, and her promises,
deceives mankind.

our way of thinking.

of our actions.

in your counsels.

Be it remarked, that when the possessive pronouns are separated from their nouns by a conjunction, or are considerably removed from them, they should be preceded by the definite article, masculine or feminine, according to the substantives they belong to; thus

tu has dicho tu parecer, yo quiero decir el mio,

yo he dicho mi parecer, quiero oir el tuyo,

yo he pagado mi tasa, pague

cadauno la suya, queria gastar mis dineros, y conservar los suyos, cadauno quiere lo suyo.

thou hast told thy opinion, I wish to tell mine.

I have told my opinion, I wish to hear thine.

I have paid my tax, let every one
pay his.

I wished to spend my money, and
preserve hers.
Everybody wants his own.