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Dès, à partir de, and depuis.

on,

Dès, from, since, no later than, and à partir de, from are used only of time; depuis is used of either time or space.

Dès le 1er janvier, depuis avant hier, à partir de ce jour; dès demain, no later than to-morrow, à partir de demain, from to-morrow òn, depuis Paris jusqu'au Havre, from Paris to Havre; depuis le premier jusqu'au dernier, from the first to the last.

Vers and envers.

Vers expresses direction or time; envers, feeling or behavior.

Il est allé vers la ville, he went towards the city; vers trois heures, about three o'clock; cruel envers les pauvres, harsh to the poor.

à vrai dire, to tell the truth. pour ainsi dire, so to speak. pour affaires, on business. dans l'île, on the island.

dans l'escalier, on the stairs. boire dans, to drink from.

Vocabulary.

regarder par, to look through.

par le temps qu'il fait, in this weather. entre les mains de, in the hands of. chez les Français, among the French. en même temps, at the same time. jusqu'ici, hitherto.

From the principal parts form all the tenses of the following irregular verbs:

Fuir, to flee, fuyant, fui, je fuis, je fuis.

Vêtir, to clothe, vêtant, vêtu, je vêts, je vêtis.

Valoir, to be worth, valant, valu, je vaux, je valus.

PRESENT INDICATIVE

je vaux. nous valons.
tu vaux. vous valez.

il vaut.

ils valent.

FUTURE, je vaudrai.

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, que je vaille.

Boire, to drink, buvant, bu, je bois, je bus.

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE, que je boive.

Suffire, to be enough, suffisant, suffi, je suffis, je suffis.

Vaincre, to conquer, vainquant, vaincu, je vaincs, je vainquis.

In the verb vaincre, c is changed to qu before every vowel except u. Also convaincre, to convince.

Exercise.

1. We intend to come back to the city about nine in the evening. 2. If you will not be here before that time, I think I will dine in town. 3. I have done all I could to convince him. 4. Now it is possible to go to Chicago in eighteen hours. 5. Mr. N. will start for England in a fortnight; he has to go there on business. 6. Look out of the window, please, and tell me what you see. 7. I can see nothing at all in this weather, that is to say, nothing very interesting. 8. To tell the truth, it has done nothing but rain during the last two or three weeks. 9. We had our breakfast upstairs this morning. 10. We must be polite towards everybody. 11. Try, and you will conquer all these difficulties. shall start for Paris to-morrow morning at 7.45. much patience one must have with pupils that do not work! 14. That's enough to make you laugh, isn't it? 15. Better (is worth) late than never. 16. Do you know Mrs. M.? 17. I have just had the pleasure of making her acquaintance. 18. You must have known her by sight for a long time. 19. How well she sings, doesn't she?

Oral Drill.

12. We

13. How

1. Buvez-vous le café dans un verre ou dans une tasse? 2. Dans combien de temps comptez-vous partir pour la campagne? 3. En combien de jours finirez-vous ce travail ? 4. Cet enfant est-il tombé dans l'escalier ou dans la rue? 5. Avez-vous étudié cette grammaire depuis le commencement jusqu'à la fin? 6. Si votre livre tombe entre les mains de ce méchant garçon, croyez-vous qu'il vous le rende? 7. Combien de verres de lait avez-vous bu(s)? 8. Croyez-vous que cela vaille la peine? 9. Si vous regardez par la fenêtre, que voyez-vous ? 10. Y avait-il beaucoup de sculpteurs (sculptors) chez les Grecs? 11. Y a-t-il beaucoup de peintres chez les Français ? 12. De quoi les sculpteurs se servent-ils pour faire des statues? 13. Tenez! c'est la fin des leçons,

n'est-ce pas ?

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One of the most imposing of cathedrals. Its length is 447 feet; the height of the nave is 92 feet. The central spire of iron is 500 feet high.

REVIEW EXERCISES.

En forgeant on devient forgeron. - Practice makes perfect.

I.

1. 1. Fresh water; the dry land; old newspapers; her blue ribbons; what beautiful sweet flowers! 2. You will need courage. 3. I have a headache this evening; I can neither sing nor play. 4. We have no jewels, but our friends have some. 5. What friends? 6. Those who live in that fine new house. 7. Whose is it? 8. It is theirs; their father gave it to them. whom you have seen to-day.

9. Tell me 10. What! you have seen her?

11. I have never read those

books, but I have read these, and I liked them better than any others I know. 12. I found a great many there. 13. Let us not speak of it to her or to them. 14. My father and mother left England on the first of May, 1891. 15. Columbus (Colomb) was an Italian. 16. He served the King of Spain faithfully. 17. Naturally, we think that he carried off a great victory by discovering the new world. 18. Cardinal Mendoza was a faithful friend of Columbus, and often invited him to his house. 19. I should like you to go for a walk with me at twenty minutes to three. 20. He loves nobody, and nobody loves him.

2. 1. Nobody is ever forgotten. 2. We must not believe all that is said. 3. Do you doubt my having succeeded? 4. I do not doubt your succeeding some (one) day. 5. We do not wish to tell him all our business, although he is our uncle. 6. Why don't you wish him to know what has happened? 7. We fear he will refuse to let us know what we desire. 8. I hope you will not try to deceive him. 9. We

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