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2450. Judex damnatur cum nocens absolvitur. (L.) Pub. Syr.? -The judge is censured when the guilty are acquitted.

2451. Judicata res pro veritate accipitur. (L.) Law Max.—A case that has been tried, is to be received as true.

2452. Judicis est judicare secundum allegata et probata. (L.) Law Max. It is a judge's business to frame his decisions upon what is not merely alleged, but proved.

2453. Judicis est jus dicere non dare. (L.) Law Max.-It is a judge's duty to expound the law, not to make it.

2454. Judicis officium est, ut res, ita tempora rerum quærere. (L.) Ov. T. 1, 1, 37.-It is a judge's (critic's) duty to examine not only the facts, but the circumstances of the

case.

2455. Judicium a non suo judice datum nullius est momenti. (L.) Law Max.-Judgment given by one who is not judge of the cause is of no legal force.

2456. Judicium Dei. (L.)-The judgment of God. Name given to the ancient form of Ordeal, of which there were several kinds, by fire, water, blood, etc.

2457. Judicium parium aut leges terræ. (L.)-The judgment of our peers, or the law of the land. By these alone, according to our laws, can an Englishman be condemned. A quotation from Magna Charta, and selected as his motto by the great Lord Camden.

2458. Judicium subtile videndis artibus. (L.) Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 242.-A discriminating taste (or judgment) in understanding the arts.

2459. Jugez d'un homme par ses questions, plutôt que par ses résponses. (Fr.)-Form your opinion of a man from his questions, rather than from his answers.

2460. Jugulare mortuos. (L.) To slay the slain. To exercise wanton cruelty. To return to a subject already thrashed

out.

2461. Junge Faullenzer, Alte Bettler. sluggard makes an old beggar.

(G.)

Prov.-A young

2462. Junius Aprilis Septemque Novemque tricenos,
Unum plus reliqui, Februs tenet octo vicenos,
At si bissextus fuerit, super additur unus. (L.) From
Harrison's Descript. of Britaine, prefixed to Holinshed's
Chron. 1577.

Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November,
February eight and twenty all alone,
And all the rest have thirty-one.
Unless that Leap-year doth combine

And give to February twenty-nine.

-The Return from Parnassus, Lond. 1606.

2463. Jupiter tonans. (L.)-Jove the thunderer. Applied to any powerful political speaker (the Jupiter tonans of debate), or to the leading Newspaper of the day.

2464. Jura neget sibi nata, nihil non arroget armis.

(L.) Hor. A. P. 122.

All laws, all covenants let him still disown,
And test his quarrel by the sword alone.-Conington.

2465. Jure divino. (L.)-By divine right.

(2.) Jure humano. -By human law. Thus, the Stuarts claimed to reign jure divino, and William III. by a parliamentary title.

2466. Jurgia præcipue vino stimulata caveto: Aptior est dulci mensa merumque joco.

(L.) Ov. A. A. 1, 591, 594.

All brawls and quarrels strictly shun,
And chiefly those in wine begun :
For harmless mirth and pleasant jest
Befit the board and bottle best.-Ed.

2467. Jus. (L.)—Law, Right.

(1.) Jus Canonicum.-Canon law. A collection of Ecclesiastical Constitutions for the government of the Catholick Church, compiled from the Decrees of Gratian and the Decretals and Extravagants of John XXII., and forming, together, the Corpus Juris Canonici, or great Body of Canon Law. (2.) Jus Civile.-Roman, or Civil Law. The old Roman law, as expounded in the Pandects, Code and Institutes of Justinian, forms what is known as the

Corpus Juris Civilis, or Body of Civil Law. Its rules still apply to a limited extent in England, more especially in ecclesiastical matters, in the Admiralty Court, and the Courts of the Universities. In Scotland, as on the Continent, the Civil Law is much more generally followed and, on many subjects, is the leading legal code. (3.) Jus Commune.-Common Law. The ancient customary law of the land, unwritten and traditional, as contradistinguished both from Civil Law or Equity, and the positive enactments of the Statute. (4.) Jus Deliberandi.-The right of deliberating. In Scotch law the heir was formerly allowed a year (annus deliberandi), now six months, to "deliberate" whether he would take the inheritance with the burden of his predecessor's debts or no. (5.) Jus Devolutum.-A right devolved. Used in Scotch ecclesiastical law to denote the right devolving on the Presbytery to appoint to a benefice if the patron failed to do so

within six months of the vacancy. (6.) Jus Divinum.—Divine Right. (7.) Jus Gentium.-The Law of Nations. System of law comprising the principles of international relations in peace, war, commerce, treaties, quarantine, and the like. (8.) Jus Postliminii. -Right of Recovery on return to former rank and privileges, by which persons and property taken in war return, respectively, to their original freedom and original owners. (9.) Jus Primogenituræ.— Right of Primogeniture, or Birthright. (10.) Jus Proprietatis.-Right of Property. (11.) Jus Regium.-Right of the Crown or Sovereign. (12.) Jus Relictæ. (Scotch Law.)-Right of a Widow to a share in the property of her husband. (13.) Jus Repræsentationis.— Right of representation. In Scotland when one or more of the children of a deceased person have predeceased, the children of such predeceasing persons "represent" their parent, and take his or her share of the property of the deceased. (14.) Jus Sanguinis. -Right of blood, or consanguinity.

2468. Jus aliquod faciunt affinia vincula nobis, Quæ semper maneant illabefacta precor.

(L.) Ov. Ep. 4, 8, 9.

Our mutual ties a bond between us make
I pray may aye continue without break.-Ed.

2469. Jus et fas multos faciunt, Ptolemæe, nocentes :
Dat pœnas laudata fides, quum sustinet, inquit,
Quos Fortuna premit. Fatis accede Deisque,
Et cole felices, miseros fuge. Sidera terra
Ut distant, et flamma mari, sic utile recto.

(L.) Lucan. 8, 484.

Justice and law make many criminals, Ptolemy.

Men of approved worth ere now have suffered

When Fortune frowned. Then, yield to fate and God!
Honour the lucky, shun th' unfortunate !

Not earth from heav'n more distant, fire to flood

More opposite, than expediency and right.-Ed.

2470. Jus omnium in omnia, et consequenter bellum omnium in omnes. (L.) Hobbes?-All men claiming a right to everything, the result is, that all make war against all.

2471. Jusqu'où les hommes ne se portent-ils point par l'intérêt de la religion, dont ils sont si peu persuadés, et qu'ils pratiquent si mal? (Fr.) La Bruy. Car. vol. ii. p. 171.— To what excesses are not men carried by the interests of religion, of which they have in fact little conviction, and much less practice?

2472. Jus summum sæpe summa est malitia. (L.) Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 48.—Extreme law is often extreme wrong.

2473. Juste milieu. (Fr.)—A strict middle-course.

Reply of Louis Philippe to a deputation at the commencement of his reign. "Nous chercherons à nous tenir dans un juste milieu, également éloigné des abus du pouvoir royal, et des excès du pouvoir populaire."-We shall endeavour to observe a strict middle-course, equally removed from the past abuses of the Royal power as well as from the excesses of the power of the people.

2474. Justitia... erga Deos, religio, erga parentes pietas, creditis in rebus fides. nominatur. (L.) Cic. Part. Or. 22, 78. The discharge of our duty towards God, is called Religion, towards our parents, Piety, and in matters of trust, good faith.

2475. Justitiæ soror fides. (L.)-Faith the sister of justice. Motto of Lord Thurlow.

2476. Justitia est constans et perpetua voluntas jus suum cuique tribuendi. (L.) Just. Inst. 1, 1, 1.—Justice is the constant and unvarying desire to render to every one their proper rights.

2477. Justitiæ tenax. (L.)-Tenacious of justice. Lord Hastings.

2478. Justitia et pax.

Company.

(L.)-Justice and peace.

Plumbers'

2479. Justitia non novit patrem nec matrem, solum veritatem spectat. (L.) Law Max.-Justice knows neither father nor mother, but regards truth alone.

2480. Justitia virtutum Regina. (L.)-Justice is the Queen of virtues. Motto of Goldsmiths' Company.

2481. Justum et tenacem propositi virum,

Non civium ardor prava jubentium,

Non vultus instantis tyranni

Mente quatit solida.

(L.) Hor. C. 3, 3, 1.

The man of firm and righteous will

No rabble, clamorous for the wrong,

No tyrant's brow, whose frown may kill,

Can shake the strength that makes him strong.-Conington.

2482. Justus ut palma florebit. (L.) Vulg. Ps. xci. 2.—The righteous shall flourish like a palm-tree. Motto of the Order of St George (Bavaria).

2483. J'y suis, et j'y reste. (Fr.)-Here I am, and here I stay. Reply of the French general MacMahon in the trenches before the Malakoff (Crimean war), when informed by the commanding officer of the expected undermining of the Fort by the enemy.

2484. Καδμεία νίκη.

K.

(Gr.) Herod. 1, 166, or (L.) Cadmæa victoria. A Cadmaan victory, i.e., in which the conquerors lose as much as the conquered.

The expression is borrowed either from the story of the Sparti (the armed men who sprang up from the dragons' teeth sown by Cadmus, see Ov. M. 3, 104 seqq.), or from the history of Eteocles and Polynices. Cf. also Piat. Legg. 641 C. and Plut. 2, 488 A., Suid. 2485. Karpov yvolt. (Gr.)-Know your opportunity. advice of Pittachus, one of the Seven Sages.

γνῶθι.

The

2486. Κακοῦ κόρακος κακὸν ὠδν. (Gr.) Prov.-A bad crow lays

a bad egg.

2487. Kar' ¿έoxýv. (Gr.)—Eminently, like the French par

excellence.

2488. Kennst du das Land, wo die Citronen blüh'n? (G.) Goethe, Mignon. Know'st thou the land where the lemon-trees bloom?

2489. Krîμa és deí. (Gr.) Thuc. 1, 22.-4 perpetual treasure. Cf. Keats, "A thing of beauty is a joy for ever."

2490. κ.τ.λ. Abbrev. for και τὰ λοιπα or λειπόμενα. (Gr.)—And the rest, etcetera.

2491. Kuvòs oupar' ëxwv.

(Gr.) Hom. Having dog's eyes.

Motto of Spectator (20) on starers.

2492. Kurz ist der Schmerz, und ewig ist die Freude! (G.) Schiller, Maid of Orleans.-Short is the pain and eternal the joy!

L.

2493. Labitur occulte, fallitque volubilis ætas.

(L.) Ov. Am. 1, 8, 49.

Time glides away unnoticed, and eludes us in its flight.-Ed. 2494. Labore. (L.)—By labour. Lord Tenterden. (2.) Labore et honore. By labour and honour. Motto of Lord Rendlesham. (3.) Labore vinces.—You will conquer by

toil.

Motto of Lord St Leonards.

2495. Labor ipse voluptas. (L.)—The toil itself is a pleasure. Motto of Earl of Lovelace.

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