have an accusative of the near object, and an ablative or genitive of the far object; as,

Nelle ic pa rincas rihte be-næman I will not deprive the warriors of their right.

Heó hit ne mæg his ge-wittes be-reáfian she cannot bereave it of its understanding.

Dyrnum ge-pingum be-togen charged with secret practices.

Hwý týhď ús úre hláf-ord swá micles falses? why doth our lord accuse us of so great deceit ?

Biddan to ask for, has an accusative of the near, and a genitive of the far object; as

Gif his sunu hine bitt hláfes if his son asketh him for bread.

Some impersonal verbs govern the person affected in the accusative or dative: hit is often left out; as, Hyngrad hine (') he is hungry.

Seó swefen þe hine mætte the dream that he dreamed.

Hire ge-býrad it becometh her.

Hit lícode Herode it pleased Herod.

Him þúhte it seemed to him (lit. him thought). Ne ge-weard unc wid enne pening? did we not agree for a penny?

Others have beside a genitive of the far object, after rules for other verbs; as,

pone weligan lyst an-wealdes the rich lusteth for

power.

Nænne mon þæs ne tweóc no man doubts of that.

(1) Comp. G. es hungert ihn; es ge bührt ihr ; ihm dünkte.

The following require the subjunctive, though in general, as in Latin, in subordinate prepositions only:

pæt, pæt-te (5) that

od(-þæt) until

þá-hwíle(-pe)(6) (the) while

peáh(-pe) though

swylce as if

ær

tó-pón-pæet in order that

Isere,

ær-pám(-pe) before
hwæder(-be)() whether
sam-sam S(-or)
gif (8) if

á-þý-pe so much the-as hú, hú-meta how.

(*) The particle pe is added or not at pleasure to several conjunctions.

(*) G. dass, D. dat; G. doch, wann, wenn, &c.

(*) Hwil is a noun, (11. 3.) while, time; G. weile.

(7) Answering to Torερový, L. utrum-an; like these hwer

is properly a neuter pronoun.

(*) The conjunction gif has no more to do with the verb gifan than 8. gin has with given, or O. an with u n n a n.

Hwæt dó ic þæt ic éce lif áge? what shall I do that I may possess eternal life?

Ic wát pæet hit býð sáwl and lic-homa I know that it is soul and body.

Peáh hwyle of deáđe a-rise though one arise from death,

Peáh-pe ic sceal ealle wu can fæstan though I shall fast all the week.

Swylce þú hí ge-sceópe as if thou hadst created

them.

pý-læs þú þínne fót æt stáne æt-sporne lest thou dash thy foot against a stone.

Tó-pón-pæt he his ríce ge-brædde in order that he might extend his empire.

A'-þý un-weordra pe hine manige men forseón so much the unworthier because many men despise

him.

Od-pæt þú cume tó þám fyrmestan till thou come to the first.

Od-pæt se A-lýsend com until the Redeemer came. pá-hwile-pe ge leóht habban while ye have light.

pá-hwile-pe he on life býd while he is a-live.
Er-pám-pe se hana tuwa cráwe before the cock

crow twice.

Ær-pám-pe ge hine biddad before ye ask him. ponne þú þe ge-bidde when thou prayest. ponne he hám cymd when he cometh home. Sege ús hwænne pás ping ge-weordon tell us when these things shall come to pass.

Bútan þére wíc-stówe outside the camp.

Bútan ælcum an-ginne without any beginning.

Bútan wífum and cildum besides women & children. Be-twynan þám twám mynstrum () between the

two monasteries.

Tó-middes pám wæterum amid the waters.
On-middan þám treowe in the midst of the tree.
Binnan þám ge-telde within the tent.

Et-foran his prym-setle before his glory-seat.
Tó-weard pám háligdóme(5) toward the sanctuary.
Tó-eácan þám fodre over and above the fodder.
Tó sometimes has a genitive; as,

Tó middes dæges at mid-day: likewise in several compound prepositions above and below.

And-lang along (like G. ent-lang) governs the genitive; as,

And-lang þæs wéstenes along the desert.

The following govern the accusative or dative; the former usually, as in Latin, &c., when motion to, the latter when motion from, or rest in, a place, is signified: but this rule is not strictly followed in A. S.

(*) Hence minster; G. münster; all from L. monasterium.

(*) Hence O. halidom: "by my halidom !"

(*) Comp. πρо, L. pro, G. (be-)vor; G. an; iv, L. and G. in ; vwep,

L. super, G. über, D. over ; G. unter, gegen, &c.

() Like be-t wy nan from twá; comp. G. zwi-schen from zwei.

I 2

pá he þá be-foran pone graman cyning ge-læd was when he then was led before the cruel king.

Ic eom a-send be-foran hine I am sent before him.
Be-foran eallum folce before all the people
On-bútan þæt cealf around the calf.
On-bútan þám weofode about the altar.
Od Rin þá eá unto the river Rhine.

Od Daniele pám witegan till Daniel the prophet.
In þá ealdan wísan in the old wise.

He sylf od-fleáh on Asiam he himself escaped into Asia.

On þám heán munte on the high mount.

Heó hine in þæt mynster on-feng she received him into the monastery.

In ge-limp-lícre tíde at a fitting time.

lc eów sende swá sceáp ge-mang wulfas I send you as sheep among wolves.

On-ge-mang ódrum mannum among other men Be-tweox his magas among his kin's-folk.

Be-tweox pære ealdan æ and pære niwan be twixt the old law and the new.

pá feoll he úppon hine then fell he upon him. Uppon ánum beáme upon a beam.

Heó be-seáh innon þá byrgene she looked into

the tomb.

Innon pære healle within the hall.