L. qui venturus est. Heó býð tó lufigenne (') she is (must be, or ought) to be loved, L. amanda est. The infinitive of the first Class is often formed in -igan, sometimes in -igean, for -ian, and g is put in or left out in some other forms with little or no change of pronunciation. The Gerund of the third Class sometimes makes -enne for anne. Ge- may be prefixed to any part of verbs in general, but is oftenest used with the imperfect, and especially with the participle past, though not, as in German, to be considered the sign of the latter.(*) (1) Hence the phrases "house to let," "he is to blame," &c. (3) Ge- is seldom used before another prefix. () Neut. L. vigilare; act. weccan. (4) Neut. L. pendĕre; act. hanga n, hó n. Some verbs of this Class, especially those having e for their vowel, form their imperfect and part. past in -ede and ed, as well as -ode and od; as, herian to praise, seglian to sail, ge-fremian to profit, which make herede, (ge-)hered, or herode, herod; seglede, and the like: -ode and -od are sometimes changed into -ade and -ad. Swerian to swear, borrows some tenses from a complex form, making imperf. swerede or swór swore; imp. subj. swóre; imper. swera or swere; part. past (ge-) sworen sworn. Folgian, fyligan, or fylian to follow, has imperf. folgode, fyligde, or fylide; imper. folga or fylig. V.-Class II. The second Class forms its imperfect and participle past in -de and -ed, or in -te and -t, according to its characteristic letter; the hard consonants, viz. t, p, c, x, requiring -te and -t; the soft, viz. d, đ, f, g, w, 1, m, n, r, s, taking -de and -ed; as, Some verbs in -gan are contracted; as, preagan, prean to vex, reproach, twęógan, tweón to doubt: pres. preage or preá, þreást, preáđ; pl. þreagað, pread, &c.; tweóge or tweó, tweóst, tweód, &c.; imperf. preáde, tweóde; part. past þreád, tweód. The second and third persons singular sometines make -est, -ed, especially when many consonants might otherwise meet; as, nemne (1) name, nemnest, nemned; imperf. nemde: some have both forms; as, læde, lætst, læt, or lædest, læded; part. past læded or læd. Verbs with s, d, and t form the third person in -t; as, ræse, rast; sende, sent; méte, mét: those with d in d, as cýde, cýd: imperf. cýdde or cýdde; p. past cýded or cýd. Verbs in this and the following classes with a double characteristic, drop one letter and take e in the imperative; as, dyppe, dype, and the like. To this class belong several transitives, derived from intransitives of the Complex Order; as, bærnan to burn (act.), from byrnan to burn (neut.); drencan (') to drench, from drincan to drink; fyllan to fell, from (') Comp. G. tränken, fällen, senken, setzen, from trinken, fallen, siuken, sitzen. feallan to fall; a-raran to rear, from a-rísan to arise; sencan to sink (act.), from sincan to sink (neut.); settan to set, from sittan to sit; ærnan to let run, from yrnan to run. Lybban to live, and hycgan to think, borrow some forms from leofian, and hogian: they are thus conjugated :— Hæbban or habban(1) to have, has some forms as if Ind.pres.1. hæbbe (habbe) Subj.pres. habbe (hæbbe) plur. Imperf. 3. hæfð (hafad) Imperf. hæfde plur. hæfdon plur. Shabbad habbe Inf. pres. hæbban (habban) Part. pres. hebbende The first person present is sometimes in poetry ha fu (') Comp. throughout L. hab-ere, G. hab-en. 1 or hafo. Nabban (for nehabban) to have not, has an Indicative, Subjunctive, and Imperative, following habban. Pres. stelle recce VI.-Class III. The third Class changes e into ea, é into 6, &c. in the imperfect, forming it in -de or -te, and the part. past in -d'or -t by the rules given above. The English synonyms commonly change the vowel in like manner, the German sometimes. Secge makes 3 sing. pres. segd or sagad; imper. sege or saga. The impersonal pincan (G. dünken) to seem, must not be confounded with pencan (G. denken) to think. pincan makes 3 sing. pres. pincd (G. dünkt) (me-)thinks; plur. pincad; imperf. púhte (G. düukte) (me-)thought; part. past (ge-)þúht. (*) Also rehte, &c.; réce, róhte is another form. |