(*) Some of these are often formed in weard;

as, n roe-weard

northern, north-ward, úfe-weard (úp-weard) upper, up-ward.

THE personal Pronouns are ic I, þú thou, hit, he, heó it, he, she. The two first are the only A. S. words with a dual number.

(*) Comp. ¿y-w, μɛ, &c. L. eg-o, me; G. ich, mir, wir, (D. wij) uns,

unser.

(5) Comp. (Dor.) Tv, Tε; L. tu, te; G. du, dir, euch, &c. D. gij, &c. (*) Remark a peculiar construction with the dual-wit Scilling we two, viz. I and Scilling; healf þæs cinges, healf uncer Brentinges, half the king's, half mine and Brenting's.

Meh, mec (L. mihi, G. mich) and peh, pec (G. dich) sometimes occur for me and pe: likewise the poetical úsih, úsic, and eówih, eówic for ús and eów; and uncit and incit, for unc and inc.

There being, as in English, no reflective pronoun, the personals are used instead; as, ic me reste I rest me (myself); pa peówas wyrmdon hig, the servants were warming them (selves). Sylf self, same, declined as an adjective both definitely and indefinitely (I.), and agreeing with the pronoun or noun, gives a strong reflective sense; as, ic sylf or sylfa I myself; fram me sylfum of myself; þú sylf thou thyself; we sylfe we ourselves, &c.; seó sylfe tíd the same time.(2) Sometimes the pronoun stands in the dative before sylf; as, (ic) me sylf I myself; him-sylf he himself. (3)

(') Comp. ¿, ǹ, ¿v, oi, ai; L. id, is, ea, eum, ejus, ii; G. es, ihn, ihm, ihr; D. het, hij, &c.

(*) Comp. G. ich selber, wir selben, die selbe zeit, &c.

(*) Like F. moi-même, lui-même; hence seemingly my-self, thy-self, &c.: self is properly no more a noun than abrog, L. ipse, or F. mémc.

The Possessive Pronouns are formed, as in German, from the genitives of the two first persons; as, mín (G. mein) mine, my; þín (G. dein) thine, thy; uncer, úre (G. unser) our; incer, eówer (G. euer) your: like other Pronouns in general, they are declined as indefinite adjectives I. Those in -er are usually contracted; as uncre, eówres, and the like. U're forms úrum, úres, &c; but remains unchanged in the whole feminine singular. The poetical úser (ússer) for úre is thus declined :

The genitive of the third person is used unchanged; his, its, his, hire her, hira their. To make these reflective, the genitive of sylf agreeing with the pronoun, or the indefinite adjective ágen own, agreeing with the noun, must be used; as, þín sylfes bearn thine own son; tó his ágenre pearfe to his own need. Sín occurs in poetry as a possessive of the third person; not however like G. sein, for L. ejus, but for L. suus only.

III.-Demonstratives.

The Demonstrative Pronouns are pat, se, seó that, likewise the relative which, who, that, and the article the; (1) and pis, pes, peós this,

pæne, pæm, páre, þæra, are sometimes used for pone, pám, pære, pára; likewise pas for pás; the s in pise, &c. is often doubled; pissere and pissera occur also for pisse and pissa. The indeclinable pe is used for all cases of pæet, se, seó, as a relative; combined with it it forms pæt-te() that which, se-pe he that, seó-pe she that. pæt, se, seó is sometimes repeated in a sentence, standing first as a demonstrative, and next as a relative; but pe commonly stands as

(') Comp. the threefold use of G. das, der, die.

(1) Comp. ro, ò̟, ǹ, Tov, TA, TOL, TAι; G. das, den, dem, der, des, &c. D. dat, &c. From seó comes she (G. sie); from pa they, pam them, pera their.

(*) Comp. G. dies, &c.; þás and þás have become those and these, (*) pætte is also that (conjunction) G. dass.

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