of quantity (beaucoup, trop, peu, etc.), the noun limited is not expressed, this noun must be represented by the pronoun en (of it, of them). En always stands next before the verb, except in the imperative affirmative. Combien de sœurs avez-vous ? J'en ai une. How many sisters have you? I have one. Ont-ils acheté assez de beurre? Ils en ont trop acheté. Did they buy butter enough? They bought too much. Ils en ont acheté huit livres, they bought eight pounds. le maître, the master, the teacher. le magasin, the store. le porte-monnaie, the purse. le reste, the rest (remainder). étudier, to study. expliquer, to explain. plein, full. content, glad, contented. sûr, sure. le besoin, the need. avoir besoin (de), to need. la honte, the shame. écouter, to listen (takes a direct object). avoir honte (de), to be ashamed. rougir, to blush. déjà, already. la peur, the fear. avoir peur (de), to be afraid. 1. Combien de plumes y a-t-il dans ces deux boîtes ? 2. Il y en a 200 dans celle-ci, et 150 dans celle-là. 3. Ecoutez toujours vos maîtres. 4. Pourquoi rougissezvous? 5. En avez-vous honte? 6. Donnez un peu plus d'argent à votre sœur. 7. Je n'en ai pas assez. 8. En êtes-vous sûr? 9. Il y a quatre fenêtres dans cette salle. 10. Il en a fermé deux et il a laissé les deux autres ouvertes. 11. Quand je raconte une histoire intéressante, pourquoi n'écoutez-vous pas ? 12. J'ai perdu mon porte-monnaie dans un grand magasin près de la Seine. 13. Avez-vous bien étudié aujourd'hui ? 14. Il y a plusieurs fautes dans sa lettre, mais la vôtre en est pleine. 15. J'en ai compté quatorze ou quinze. 1. That man has too much money, and I haven't enough. 2. Are there sixty or seventy minutes in an 3. There are sixty. 4. Where is the rest of my hour? orange? sure of it? 5. You have eaten half of it. 6. Are you 7. I am sure of it. 8. Where are my gold pieces ? 9. Here are two. these rules? 10. Why do you not explain 11. I have already explained most of them. 12. You do not listen. 13. Who does not listen? 14. One of those boys is n't listening. 15. There is the boy, look at him. 16. Yes, there he is. 17. Is he ashamed of it? 18. No, he is glad of it. 19. How many books have you at home? 20. I have two hundred. 21. You have enough, I think. 22. Do you need these books? 23. I do. 24. Do you? money enough? 26. His pockets are full. too much perhaps. 28. I am afraid so. study well (study always well). 38 Partitive Article and Pronoun. 25. Has he 27. He has 29. Always (1) Some or any, whether expressed or understood before a noun in English, is regularly expressed in French by de and the definite article: du, de la, de l', des.1 (For exceptions, see Lessons 39 and 40.) Elle a apporté du pain et de la viande, she has brought bread and meat. Les chevaux sont des animaux, horses are animals. (2) When some or any (expressed or understood) is not followed by its noun, it is expressed by en (of it, of them). Avez-vous des fleurs? Have you any flowers? Oui, j'en ai, yes, I have (some). Il n'en a pas, he has n't any, he has none. Achetez-en, buy some. 1 The plural of this construction is also the plural of a or an: un livre a book; des livres, books. Y en a-t-il, are there any ? N'y en a-t-il pas, are there none? or are there not any ▾ la rose, the rose. la tulipe, the tulip. le muguet, the lily-of-the-valley. le fruit, the fruit. un ananas, a pine-apple. une banane, a banana. la framboise, the raspberry. la crème, the cream. la farine, the flour. le légume, the vegetable. une pomme de terre, a potato. un insecte, an insect. une mouche, a fly. une abeille, a bee. mûrir, to ripen, to get ripe. 2. Donnez3. Apportez 1. Voulez-vous des tulipes ou des roses? nous du pain, de la viande et de l'eau. nous aussi de la crème pour nos fraises. 4. A-t-elle acheté des légumes? 5. Elle en a beaucoup acheté. 6. A-t-il pris du sel ou du poivre ? 7. Cet homme a vendu de l'encre, du papier, des plumes, et des crayons. 8. Y a-t-il des pommes de terre dans ce panier? 9. Non, madame, il n'y en a pas. 10. Voici des muguets près de ce mur. 11. La vie d'un oiseau est courte. 12. A-t-il bu de l'eau ou du vin ce matin ? 13. Voulez-vous de la crème? 14. Les mouches et les abeilles sont des insectes. 15. Tout le monde aime le miel. (A) 1. There are metals that are far more useful than gold. 2. I am sure that there are a great many. 3. Gold and silver are metals. 4. Will you have cream or milk in your coffee? 5. Will you have sugar too? 6. Cream is better than milk. 7. Roses and tulips are flowers. 8. Roses beautiful than tulips. 9. We think that lilies of the valley are beautiful too. 10. That is because (C'est que) you have some in your garden. 11. There are some in mine, but there are none in hers. 12. Bees love flowers. 13. Bees make honey. are more 14. Will you have sugar or honey on your bread? 15. Here are pine-appies; will you have some? 16. Flies and bees are insects. 17. There are eggs, bananas, and a pound and a half of tea in her basket. 18. She has also bought potatoes and twenty or twenty-one pounds of flour. 19. Apples are getting ripe. 20. There are some red apples that are ripe already (already ripe). 21. Here are a half-dozen. 2. Have you pencils? 4. Are there any in 16. Where (B) 1. Have you any books? 3. Are there roses on your table? the garden? 5. Do you like strawberries ? 6. Who likes raspberries? 7. Is there any ink in this inkwell? 8. Is there any in yours ? 9. Is there none in hers? 10. Have you brought pears or bananas to school to-day? 11. Are strawberries ripe now? 12. Have you some money for me? 13. Has he some ? 14. Have n't you any? 15. Has she none? is your money? 17. Did you leave it 18. How many gold watches have you? 19. What is the color of lilies of the valley? 20. The flowers are white; what color are the leaves? 21. Do you like them? 22. Have you any? 23. Is there flour in that paper bag? 24. Are the high? 25. Name a vegetable. 27. Name some flowers. 39 at home? walls of this garden 26. Name some fruits. Fourth Conjugation. In verbs of the fourth conjugation the infinitive ends in -re, and the past participle in -u. vendre, to sell; vendant, selling; vendu, sold. PRESENT INDICATIVE. TERMINATIONS: -s, -s,(-t), -ons, -ez, -ent. The ending -t of the 3d person singular is dropped after c, d, t.1 As the stems of all the regular verbs of this conjugation, except rompre, to break, end in d, the verb vendre is given as a model. On, one, we, you, they, people. The indefinite pronoun on, even when plural in meaning, is used only as the subject of a verb in the third person singular. In many cases it is used where the passive form is used in English. On vend des pommes ici, they sell apples here. On chante, parce que l'on 2 est heureux, one sings (we sing) because one is (we are) happy. Où trouve-t-on 3 des aiguilles, where do you find needles? Où vend-on du lait et de la crème, where are milk and cream sold? la dentelle, the lace. French spoken here. la mousseline, the muslin. le ruban, the ribbon. le fil, the thread. lo lit, the bed. la question, the question. 1 In the irregular verb mettre, to put: je mets, tu mets, il met; in vaincre, to conquer, also irregular: je vaincs, tu vaincs, il vainc. 2 Notice that l'on may be used instead of on whenever it sounds better. It is often used after et, ou, où, que, lorsque, pourquoi, si, etc., but not when the following word begins with 1. 3 Like il and elle in a question (Lesson 3), on is joined by -t- to a verb ending in a vowel. |