bought this house on on the 31st of December, 1896. 7. When did you sell yours? 8. I sold mine on the 12th. 9. Name the days. 10. Name the months also. 11. How many days are there in a week? 12. How many days make a month? 13. I saw your brother last Thursday. 14. Where did you see the pretty little red handkerchief I lost on Wednesday last? 15. My sister saw her friends, Jane and Louise, at church, on Sunday, the 16th. 16. We saw your friends last week.

25

Past Participles with Être.

(1) The past participle coming after any form of the verb être (to be) agrees in gender and number with the subject. (For exception, see Lesson 67.)

(2) The following are the past participles that are always used with être instead of avoir.

gone.

allé,
parti, gone away, set out, left.
sorti, gone out, come out.

venu, come.
devenu, become.

revenu, returned, come back.

retourné, returned, gone back.

arrivé, arrived.

entré (dans), entered, gone into.
resté, remained, stayed.
tombé, fallen.
né, born.

mort, died (adj. dead).
décédé, died (rarely used).

il y a (before a period of time), ago.

il y a huit jours (une semaine), a week ago.

4. La

1. Mes frères sont sortis. 2. Leurs sœurs sont parties hier soir. 3. Son père et sa mère sont morts. petite fille est tombée. 5. Quand est-elle née ? est née en 1899. 7. Vos amis sont-ils restés à la

6. Elle maison ?

8. Les enfants ne sont-ils pas venus ? 9. Ils ne sont pas encore arrivés.1 10. Mes élèves sont devenus très grands. 11. Elles sont revenues ensemble. 12. Où sont-elles allées ? 13. Elles sont allées à Paris. 14. Nous sommes entrés dans la maison. 15. Nous avons acheté ces deux maisons blanches. 16. Je suis né en 1869, et mon amie en 1868. 17. Napoléon est mort le 5 mai, 1821.

Hereafter there will be found in many of the Lessons two exercises for translation from English into French, marked respectively A and B, the latter consisting entirely of questions. For use of these questions, see Preface.

2. Here is the

(4) 1. The letters arrived an hour ago. pencil that I bought. 3. Your friends went away Friday morning, and ours Saturday evening. 4. His father and mother went to Paris June 1st and returned on the 21st. 5. This family has become rich. 6. John's pen is lost. 7. He has lost his pen-holder too. 8. This man's daughters have grown (become) very tall and have also grown to be (become) very pretty and agreeable. received a pretty little present last evening. 10. Two men fell dead that morning. 11. The leaves of these trees have become yellow. 12. Our neighbors left a week ago. 13. Two of our large trees have fallen. 14. His letters are not written yet.

9. I

(B) 1. Who has come? 2. Did your sister go to school to-day? 3. Did you see the boys who came in? 4. Haven't the pupils come into the class-room yet? 5. Did you come to school yesterday or did you stay at home? 6. Did she come last Friday, the 11th ? 7. Have your friends gone to London ? 8. Where did they go?

1 Note the position of pas encore.

9. When did they leave? 10. Did they set out together? 11. Have you seen the house and gardens? 12. Is his uncle dead? 13. Is his aunt dead 14. Where and when did she die ? 15. Did 16. Is he out (gone out)?

Not yet.
also?
they (f) go into the house?

17. When were you born?
Boston?

18. Were you born in

Chez means also to the house of, in the house of, at the office or place

of business of.

De is not used after chez or malgré, but is used with près.

chez le médecin, at the doctor's.

malgré son père, in spite of his father.

près de nous, near us.

1. Les enfants sont allés chez leur oncle. 2. Ils ne sont pas restés chez eux. 3. Ne sont-ils pas encore revenus? 4. Tous les élèves sont assis sur les bancs. 5. Ils sont derrière les pupitres. 6. Cette femme est très pauvre; mortes avant elle.

7. Elles sont

toutes ses amies sont sorties malgré moi. 8. Ils sont venus à nous. 9. Vos frères sont arrivés quinze minutes avant vous. sont arrivés il y a une heure et demie. 11. Je suis

10. Ils

devant la classe.

est derrière elles?

12. La classe est devant moi.

13. Qui

14. Notre école est près de l'église.

(4) 1. For them (m.), for them (ƒ.). 2. Of me, of him. 3. Of you, of her. 4. At my house, at her house. 5. At his house, at our house. 6. At your house, at their house. 7. At the lawyer's, at the doctor's. 8. She came to our house without them and in spite of them. 9. He fell sick on Thursday morning and died before the evening. 10. Our neighbors are not at home to-day; they went away last evening and have n't returned yet. 11. My father is at home; he is not out. away after them and returned home 13. After you, my friend.

12. We went before them. 14. He is standing by (near)

the table. 15. She is sitting near the door. 16. He went away with them a quarter of an hour ago and came back without them. 17. They did not come back to18. Have you seen the garden behind the

gether. church?

(B) 1. Where are you?

2. Are you at home [express two ways]? 3. Where is the class? 4. Is it in front of

me?

5. Am I in front of the class?

6. Is the table

8. Am I near 10. Is the table

behind me? 7. Is it behind you (pl.) ? the table? 9. Where is the chair? between the class and me? 11. Am I standing or seated? 12. Where am I standing? 13. Is my grammar on the table? 14. Is the pencil on the grammar ? 15. Are your brothers at the doctor's? 16. Did they go to his house together? 17. Are they ill? 18. Where are they? 19. Did you come into this room before or after I did (after me)? 20. Is she sitting in front of you? 21. Am I standing behind you? 22. Did you go out

without her?

27

The adjective tout always precedes the article when the latter is present. Of is not expressed after all in French.

After même (same), as is expressed by que:

J'ai lu les mêmes livres que vous, I have read the same books as you.

1. Tous mes crayons sont perdus, et toutes mes plumes sont mauvaises. 2. Qui a apporté toutes ces fleurs? 3. Elle a vu les mêmes livres et les mêmes encriers que vous. 4. Qu'avez-vous cherché? 5. J'ai cherché mon encrier et mon porte-plume; j'ai trouvé mon encrier chez lui, mais je n'ai pas encore trouvé mon porte-plume. 6. Montrez-moi la fenêtre. 7. Voilà la fenêtre; elle est près de la porte. 8. Ont-ils lu les autres lettres? 9. A-t-elle visité tout le jardin? lettre à sa mère tous les jeudis.

10. Il a écrit une

11. Elle a reçu une

lettre tous les lundis. 12. Tout le monde est ici aujourd'hui. 13. Tous les hommes qui sont ici sont mes amis. 14. Donnez-moi les mêmes crayons.

1 Another is expressed in two ways in French: by encore un (or une), an additional one; by un (une) autre, a different one. Encore une fois, once more; une autre fois, some other time.