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11. Are the child's father and mother rich or poor? 12. Has John spoken to the woman's nephew or son? 13. Did the boy wear his hat in the house?

14. Did he

take his hat off? 15. Have my pupils prepared their lesson or have they played with their friends?

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(1) Possessive pronouns, in French, agree in gender and number with the object possessed, and not, as in English, with the possessor.

Note carefully the circumflex accent that distinguishes the possessive pronouns nôtre and vôtre from the possessive adjectives notre and votre.

In the sentence Your pencil is a good one, but hers is a poor one, Votre crayon est bon, mais le sien est mauvais, the pronoun le sien is masculine singular, because crayon, the noun which it represents, is masculine singular. In the sentence Here is my watch; where is yours? Voici ma montre; où est la vôtre? the pronoun la vôtre is feminine singular, because the noun montre is feminine singular.

(2) Expressions like a friend of mine, a book of hers, etc., are in French, one of my friends, one of her books, etc.:

a friend of mine,
a book of hers,

un de mes amis, une de mes amies.

un de ses livres.

la boîte, the box.

la craie, the chalk. un porte-plume, a penholder. voici, here is, here are.

un encrier, an inkwell.

la règle, the rule, the ruler. voilà, there is, there are. quinze, fifteen.

Il y a, there is, or there are, simply makes a statement: Il y a un livre sur ma table, there is a book on my table; Il y a dix élèves dans cette salle, there are ten pupils in this room. Voilà points out an object and answers the questions, where is? where are? There is my book, voilà mon livre.

1. Voici mon livre; où est le vôtre?

la boîte. la boîte.

2. Voici le mien, voilà le vôtre. 3. Où est la boîte ? 4. Voilà 5. Où est la craie? 6. Voilà la craie dans 7. Où est la bague? 8. Voilà la bague sur la table. 9. Voici mon porte-plume; je n'ai pas trouvé le vôtre. 10. Voici le porte-plume; où est la plume? 11. Il y a quatorze élèves dans ma classe. 12. Y a-t-il aussi quatorze élèves dans la vôtre? 13. Où est la classe ? 14. Voici la classe. 15. Où est votre exercice ? 16. Voici le mien, voilà le sien. 17. Voilà un de vos thèmes.

1. There are my books, pens, paper, and ink. 2. Here is a book of yours. 3. Here is the box; where is the chalk? 4. It is on the table. 5. There is my pen

watch, and Jane has doors and

holder. 6. John has sold his lost hers. 7. There are

windows in

this (cette) room. 8. Here are the doors. 9. There are the windows. 10. Here is my pen; where is yours? 11. Where is his? 12. Here are my pencils; where are hers? 13. Where are theirs? 14. Has he mine or his [own]? 15. Is the ink-well on the chair? 16. Where is it? 17. Have you seen a ruler of mine? 18. There is my knife; where is yours? 19. Are your pens good? 20. Are mine good, too? 21. We have written our exercises; have you written yours too? 22. Where is the ink? 23. Where is your friend?

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Larger, smaller, higher, etc., are translated by more large, more small, more high, etc.: plus grand, plus petit, plus haut.

Ma sœur est plus grande que mon frère.
My sister is taller than my brother.

By exception, better is expressed by meilleur.

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dix-huit, eighteen.

une fleur, a flower.

une feuille, a leaf (of a tree or of a book).

Note the elision of e in que (than) before a vowel: qu'un.

1. Mon frère est plus petit que votre sœur. 2. Est-il plus ou moins jeune qu'elle ? 3. Leurs arbres sont plus hauts que ma maison. 4. La fille de l'avocat est plus jolie que la vôtre. 5. Les fleurs de Jeanne sont

plus jolies que les vôtres. 6. Votre plume est meilleure que la mienne, mais mon crayon est meilleur que le vôtre. 7. J'ai mis vos lettres et les siennes sur votre table. 8. Il n'a pas trouvé les siennes. 9. La chambre de mon frère est plus grande que la mienne, mais la mienne est plus jolie que la sienne. 10. Y a-t-il dix-neuf ou vingt mots dans la neuvième phrase? 11. Les phrases de la quinzième leçon sont-elles faciles ou difficiles? 12. Nos églises sont plus hautes que les vôtres. 13. Un avocat

est moins utile qu'un médecin.

1. We have seen the doctor's house. 2. It is taller than his trees. 3. Your neighbor's trees are higher than his house. 4. Your friend's nieces are prettier than his daughters. 5. Your pens are smaller than mine.

6. They are better too. 7. She has lost a leaf of her

note-book.

than I (moi)?

he younger?

his?

8. Where is your brother? 9. Is he taller 10. Is he not taller than you? 11. Is 12. Have you your watch or 13. Where is mine? 14. Where is yours? 15. Is yours larger or smaller than mine?

D

16. Is the six

teenth lesson more or less difficult than the fifteenth ? 17. Is a doctor more or less useful than a lawyer? 18. Are the leaves of your trees very large? 19. Are your friends richer than we? 20. Are they more agreeable? 21. Are his pencils better than yours? the flowers more or less useful than the trees?

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22. Are

(1) The nominative case of the relative pronoun (who, which, that) is qui, the objective case is que.1

L'homme qui est ici, the man who is here.

L'homme que vous avez vu, the man whom you saw.

(2) The relative is never omitted in French.

Le parapluie qu'il a perdu, the umbrella he lost.

Note elision of e in que before a vowel. The i of qui is never dropped.

le jardin, the garden.

un banc, a bench.

le pupitre, the desk.

la canne, the cane.

le parapluie, the umbrella.

laissé, left.

emprunté, borrowed.

Past

rendu, given back, returned. Participles.

si, so (before an adjective or adverb).

1. Nous avons vu une maison qui est très haute; elle

est plus haute que la nôtre.

2. Le livre que vous avez acheté est plus utile que le mien. 3. J'ai trouvé une plume qui est très mauvaise. 4. Mon père a acheté le

1 Which or that next the verb is qui; separated from it, que.

le mien.

jardin que vous avez vu. 5. Le livre qu'il a perdu est 6. Où a-t-elle laissé le livre qu'elle a rendu ? 7. Il a emprunté ma canne. 8. Voilà un joli petit parapluie que j'ai acheté pour vous. 9. Les arbres qui sont dans son jardin sont plus hauts que ceux (those) qui sont dans le mien. 10. Il y a six bancs dans le jardin de l'avocat. 11. J'ai deux bons amis; ils sont si aimables! 12. Les garçons qui sont ici aujourd'hui sont mes cousins. 13. Sa femme a laissé son parapluie à l'église.

4. There is

5. The

6. I

7. Have

1. We have seen the benches which the man has put into our garden. 2. We have found one sentence that is difficult. 3. They are often very easy. the young man who gave a cane to my brother. books which he has put on the desk are mine. have lost my umbrella; have you lost yours? you brought yours to school to-day? 8. Is it a better one than mine? 9. Where is the pencil you borrowed? 10. Did you leave yours at home? 11. Is n't an umbrella more useful than a cane? 12. Is the boy I saw yesterday with you younger than you? 13. His sister is not so tall; is she younger? 14. Is the exercise 15. Is a pen

which you have written easy or difficult? more useful than a pencil? 16. Who has taken the note-book she left on my table?

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Demonstrative Adjectives.

ce, cet (m.), this
cette (f.), or that.

ces (m. and f. pl.), these, those.

The form cet is used instead of ce before a masculine noun or adjective beginning with a vowel or h mute:

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