1. A quelle heure vous êtes-vous couché hier soir? 2. Je me suis couché à dix heures et demie. 3. A quelle

heure votre frère s'est-il levé ce matin?

4. Il s'est levé 5. Votre sœur s'est-elle

à sept heures moins un quart. promenée aujourd'hui ? 6. Elle s'est promenée une demi-heure. 7. Elle s'est un peu enrhumée hier soir; c'est pourquoi elle ne se porte pas mieux aujourd'hui. 8. Elles se sont adressées à nous. 9. Elles se sont adressé des lettres. 10. Nous avons vu les lettres qu'elles se sont adressées. 11. Est-ce que vos cousins se sont fâchés lorsque vous leur avez raconté l'affaire ? 12. Henri m'a dit simplement que je me trompais, mais Louise s'est fâchée tout de suite. 13. Est-ce que vous ne vous seriez pas fâché, si j'avais fait cela ? 14. Nous nous sommes promenés si longtemps ce matin que ma sœur était fort lasse. 15. Mais ne vous êtes-vous reposés nulle part? 16. Si nous étions restés chez nous hier

soir, nous ne nous serions pas enrhumés.

1. I am amusing them.
3. I have amused them.
5. I used to enjoy myself.

2. I am en

4. I have

joying myself. enjoyed myself. 6. I had enjoyed myself. 7. I shall enjoy myself. 8. I should have amused her. 9. I should have enjoyed myself.

Repeat these sentences, making them negative, interrogative, or negative-interrogative, and changing the person and gender of the subject pronouns to third person singular feminine, first person plural masculine, etc.

1. I got up at eight this morning. did you get up? 3. We got up at 4. What a lazy man!

the matter with you ?

2. At what time
half-past nine.
6. What was

5. I was not well.
7. I caught cold two or three

days ago, and I had the tooth-ache this morning. 8. Go

to bed at once! you are sleepy. 9. If I went to bed so 10. Don't get angry. 11. Get

soon, I should n't rest. up, your friends have arrived already. 12. When she has rested a little longer, perhaps another half-hour, you will tell her that we are ready. 13. Where are the letters you sent each other? 14. We have given them back to each other. 15. Would you have gone to bed so soon, if it had n't been so cold? 16. Have they been out this evening? 17. Yes, sir, they went out with their father at a quarter before eight; they walked until quarter past nine, when (and then) they returned. 18. They enjoyed themselves greatly (much), and I think he did also (he also, I think). 19. Go back home now; and when you are here to-morrow, we will finish together what we began yesterday.

68

En and Y.

(1) En and y, although used frequently as adverbs, Ende and a noun or pronoun. Y = à

are pronouns.

and a noun or pronoun.

For the use of en (of it, of them, some, any) with words of quantity, numerals, etc., recall Lesson 37.

Avez-vous des crayons, have you pencils?

Oui, j'en ai, yes, I have.

Il n'en a pas, he hasn't any.

Elle en a un, she has one.

Apportez-en, bring some.

(2) Y (to it, to them, there) is rarely used in refer

ence to persons.

Pensez-vous à vos leçons, are you thinking of your lessons?
J'y pense, I am thinking of them.

Pensez-y, think of them.

Pensez-vous à vos amis, are you thinking of your friends?

(3) There (expressed or understood in English) is expressed by y in referring to a place already mentioned, and by là in pointing out a place or thing.

en.

Regardez cette maison-là, look at that house.

J'y ai demeuré trois mois, I lived there three months.
C'est là que vous trouverez ce que vous cherchez.
That is where you will find what you are looking for.

Position of y and en.

(4) Y and en follow the other pronouns. Y precedes

Je vous les y porterai, I shall carry them to you there.

Je vous y en porterai, I shall carry you some there.

Il y en a beaucoup, there are many of them.

(5) A past participle does not agree with a preceding

en.1

Je n'en ai pas vu, I haven't seen any.

(6) In the imperative affirmative, y and en are joined to the verb, to other pronouns, and to each other.

Prêtez-nous-en, lend us some.
Donnez-m'en,2 give me some.

car (conjunction), for. de tout mon cœur, with all my heart. au moins, at least. quelques-uns, quelques-unes, a few, some. remercier quelqu'un de quelque chose, to thank somebody for something.

1. Avez-vous de l'eau fraîche ? 2. Oui, nous en avons. 3. Donnez-en un verre à votre frère. 4. Vous parlez toujours de mes affaires; pourquoi vous en mêlez-vous ? 5. Vous vous trompez, je vous assure, si vous pensez que je m'en mêle. 6. N'êtes-vous jamais entré dans cette

1 If en is used with an adverb of quantity which precedes the verb, agreement takes place: Combien en a-t-on vus ?

2 Notice that me and te do not become moi and toi before en, when used with the imperative affirmative.

belle église ? 7. Non, je n'y suis jamais entré. 8. Combien de livres allemands avez-vous ? 9. J'en ai plus que vous. 10. Il y en a dix sur cette table. 11. Il y a beaucoup de fautes dans sa lettre, mais la vôtre en est pleine. 12. J'en ai compté au moins une douzaine. 13. Voici l'avenue où vos amies se sont promenées tant de fois lorsqu'elles étaient ici l'année dernière. 14. Nous les y avons rencontrées bien des fois. 15. N'y avez-vous jamais vu mon père et ma mère ? 16. Ce n'est pas là que je les ai vus, c'est à l'opéra. allés de temps en temps. romans intéressants lorsque j'étais à la campagne, et votre sœur m'y en a envoyé quelques-uns. 19. Les lui avez

17. Oui, ils y sont 18. Je désirais beaucoup des

vous empruntés ou vous les a-t-elle donnés? 20. Elle m'en a donné plusieurs, mais il y en a aussi que je lui rendrai l'été prochain. 21. Mon frère a reçu des pièces

d'or; il m'en a donné quelques-unes.

1. Have you any money about (sur) you? 2. Have I any money? My pockets are full of it. 3. If you have so much, you will give me some, won't you? 4. If you would lend a little to your brother, I am sure he would be very glad of it, 5. He would thank you for it with all his heart. 6. How many books did you leave at home this morning? 7. I left two or three there, but I brought most of them to school. 8. If you have any good hot coffee, bring us a cup (of it), please, for we are very cold. 9. Have you caught cold? 10. Has your mother been at church to-day? 11. She has not, but I have. 12. Have you? 13. Were there many American ladies there? 14. There were a few, at least a dozen. 15. How many times have you been (gone) at the opera? 16. I have been (gone) there twice. 17. He has also been there from time to time. 18. She used to have a

great many friends when she was young; now that she has grown up,' she has more than ever. 19. Are you speaking of it?

20. Think of it, but do not speak of it. 21. I will not speak of it there to any one. 22. Are you thinking of it?

69

Personal Pronoun Objects: Summary.

(1) The position of personal pronouns (se included) before the verb may be shown by the following table: 2 1. Me, te, se, nous, vous.

2. Le, la, les.

3. Lui, leur.

4. Y.

5. En.

Or Me, te, se, nous, vous |le, la, les | lui, lear|y|en.

Il me le demande.

Ne les leur rendez pas.

Il leur y en a apporté.

On nous les y a envoyés.

(2) In the imperative affirmative, which requires the pronouns after the verb, le, la, les precede the other pronouns, and me and te become moi and toi, except before en.

2 In case teachers do not care to use this table, taken from an early edition of Magill's grammar, this lesson, with the exception of the vocabulary, may be omitted, or the exercises may be used for further practice in the use of personal pronouns.