surrender? 14. I am hurrying. 15. Please hurry [up]. 16. Don't hurry. 17. Everybody is hurrying. (A) 1. My name is Mary, and my sister's name is Jane. 2. What is your name? 3. Is your name Louise? 4. That young man's name is John. 5. I am well to-day, but my father is not well. 6. He is very ill. 7. His aunt is not well, and they say that she will never be well. 8. Did you know that they were not well? 9. Why no! 10. They will not show themselves here any more. 11. There are people (personnes) who have 12. No one has lost your a good time everywhere. I see you. 14. Explain yourself, sir. taken. 16. Hide. to his own affairs. 17. I will at once. 13. Don't hide; 15. She is mis 18. He attends 19. Attend to your own business, please. 20. I always do mind my own business. perceive that you flatter yourself. 21. I 2. What is your friend's (B) 1. What is your name? name? 3. Have you brothers and sisters? 4. What are their names? 5. How are you? 6. I am well; and you? 7. Are all your friends well? 8. Are you attending to my affairs or your own? 9. Are you working or resting? 10. Are you having a good time? 11. Where do you go in summer? 12. Do you enjoy 14. What are the yourself? 13. Are you hurrying? children in this picture doing? 15. This lady flatters herself she sings well; she is much mistaken, is n't she? 16. Is everybody mistaken sometimes? 17. Does one often blame one's self? the matter with him? 19. What is 18. Who is ill? 66 Pronominal Verbs: reciprocal use. (1) Some pronominal verbs may be used in the plural either reflexively or reciprocally. Nous nous flattons, we flatter ourselves or each other. (2) When the verb is used in a reciprocal sense, ambiguity is prevented by the use of l'un l'autre,1 if the verb has two subjects; by les uns les autres, if there are more than two subjects. Nous nous flattons l'un l'autre, we flatter each other (two persons). Ils se défendent les uns les autres, they defend one another (more than two persons). Elles se blessent l'une l'autre, they wound each other (two persons). But in ils se séparent, they part, ils se querellent, they quarrel, ils s'embrassent, they kiss each other, there is no ambiguity, and l'un l'autre, etc., are not needed. assurer, to assure. attaquer, to attack. blesser, to wound. tuer, to kill. souvent. se défendre, to defend one's self or each other. se séparer, to part. se quereller, to quarrel. embrasser, to embrace, to kiss. 1. Je pense que vous vous flattez toujours l'un l'autre. 2. Au contraire, votre frère et votre sœur se querellent 3. C'est vrai, ils se grondent quelquefois; ils ne s'aiment pas trop. 4. Si quelqu'un vous attaque quand vous serez absent, je vous défendrai; et, si quelqu'un m'attaque quand je serai absent, vous me 1 Do not confuse with l'un et l'autre, both: Ils sont partis l'un et l'autre, they have both left. Notice also l'un ou l'autre, either, and ni l'un ni l'autre, neither. défendrez. 5. J'accepte votre offre avec bien du plaisir. 6. Vous le ferez, n'est-ce pas ? 7. Je ne l'oublierai pas, je vous assure. 8. Nous nous défendrons ainsi l'un l'autre. 9. Si vous vous séparez dans le bois et si vous perdez votre chemin, nous vous chercherons l'un et l'autre. 10. On me dit que les sœurs ne se querellent jamais. 11. Quelle histoire! vous vous trompez, je vous assure. 12. Celles-ci se querellent souvent, mais elles finissent par s'embrasser. 13. Vos parents se portent-ils bien ? 14. Toujours bien, merci. 15. Ne vous blessez pas l'une l'autre. 16. Ces messieurs se blâment les uns les autres. For Oral Drill. 1. They (f.) admire themselves. 2. They (f.) admire each other (two persons). 3. They admire one another (more than two persons). 4. Are you amusing yourselves? 5. Are you amusing each other? 7. Let us not part. 6. Part. 8. Do you blame us? 10. Do you blame each 12. Do not blame each 14. They are fond 13. They are fond of her. of each other. 2. You 1. We never blame ourselves, I assure you. know, I suppose, that we always blame each other. 3 These two friends are quarrelling, are they not? 4. Will they not wound each other? 5. Will they kill each other? 6. If this man killed his friend, he would kill himself too, I think. 7. Why do you not like each other? 8. Who told you that we did (do) not like each other? 9. Nobody; but you are always scolding each other. 10. We are not quarrelling. 11. These two brothers quarrel sometimes, it is true, but in spite of that (cela) they are very fond of each other. 12. We 13. Yes, but when you are 14. If we lose our way in always defend one another. together you always quarrel. this wood, we will not separate. us, we will defend ourselves. 15. If any one attacks 16. Who will attack us? 17. I will defend myself and you will also defend yourself. 18. We will defend each other. 19. You forget that I am no longer the young man you saw five years ago. 20. You are mistaken, I do not forget it. 21. Were you and your brother looking for each other this morning? 67 Compound Tenses. (1) The compound or perfect tenses of a verb are formed by combining its past participle with the various tenses of an auxiliary verb. All transitive and most intransitive verbs form their compound tenses with the auxiliary verb avoir. For intransitive verbs conjugated with être, refer to the list given in Lesson 25.1 COMPOUND TENSES. PLUPERFECT INDIC. FUTURE PERFECT retourner, to go back.2 je serai retourné, I shall have gone back. CONDITIONAL PERFECT je serais retourné, I should have gone back. 1 Certain verbs are conjugated with avoir or être, according to the sense. With avoir, attention is called to the action itself, its duration, etc.; with être, the result of the action is indicated: Vous avez grandi en peu de temps, You have grown up in a short time; Vous êtes grandi maintenant, You are grown up now. 2 Three French verbs may be translated return in English: rendre, to give back, revenir, to come back, retourner, to go back. (2) Reflexive and reciprocal verbs are always conjugated with être. (3) With reflexive and reciprocal verbs, être takes the place of avoir, and, therefore, the past participle agrees with the preceding direct object (Lesson 30). Ils se sont aimés, they loved each other. Ils se sont écrit une lettre, they have written a letter to each other. Ma sœur s'est coupé 2 le doigt, my sister has cut her finger (literally, the finger for herself). Observe that in the first, third, and fourth of these examples the past participle agrees with the preceding direct object. In the second and fifth, however, the direct object does not precede the verb, the reflexive pronoun being in the dative case. se lever, to rise, to get up. se coucher, to go to bed. se promener, to take a walk or a ride. s'enrhumer, to take cold. fâcher, to vex. se fâcher, to get angry. 1 No s in this form if vous is singular. adresser, to address. commencer, to begin. grandir, to grow tall, to grow up. fort (adv.), very, hard. 2 Compare: Ma sœur s'est cassé le bras, ma sœur a le bras cassé, and ma sœur m'a cassé le bras. 8 s'enrhumer, to catch cold; être enrhumé or avoir un rhume, to have a cold. |