7. Here are two; wild animals? you like best?

which do you prefer? 8. Do you like 9. Name some. 10. Which ones do 11. What domestic animals do you like? 12. Do you know which are the most useful to man? 13. Which? 14. Do cats? 15. Do you know why?

you prefer dogs to 16. Shall I tell why?

17. Which of the rooms of this building is the largest? 18. All of the boys are here; which of the girls are absent? 19. Which one of my pupils is standing? 20. Which insects make honey? belong to you? 22. Which of the easiest? 23. And you, sir, 24. Which one is the shortest? pupils are the most industrious?

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21. Does this house these sentences is what do you say? 25. Which of my 26. Do you know it?

Lequel (relative); dont.

(1) We have seen (Lessons 17 and 46) that the nominative case of the relative pronoun is qui, and the accusative que.

The relative pronoun which after a preposition is lequel (laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles).

Où est le crayon avec lequel j'ai écrit cette lettre?
Where is the pencil with which I wrote this letter?

Voici la table sur laquelle j'ai mis votre porte-monnaie.
Here is the table on which I put your purse.

(2) Où, to which, in which, where, is frequently used for à or dans and a relative, referring to place and time.

La maison où nous sommes allés, The house to which we went.

La ville où il demeure,

The city in which he lives.

Le moment où elle est partie, The moment at which (or when) she started.

(3) When of which, of whom, or whose are not interrogative, they may be expressed by dont for both genders and numbers, instead of duquel, de laquelle, desquels, desquelles, or instead of de qui (persons only).

Apportez-moi le livre dont j'ai parlé, bring me the book of which I spoke.
L'homme dont la fille est arrivée, the man whose daughter has arrived.
La femme dont (de qui, de laquelle) j'ai vu le fils,1
The woman whose son I have seen.

(4) If the object possessed is dependent upon a preposition, then duquel, de laquelle, etc., or de qui (persons only), must be used instead of dont.

L'homme du fils duquel (de qui) nous parlions, the man of whose son we were speaking.

1. Montrez-moi la rue dans laquelle vous avez perdu votre chien. 2. Voilà le livre dont je parlais hier.

1 In a relative clause introduced by dont, the noun object must follow the verb: l'homme dont j'ai trouvé le chapeau.

3. Où a-t-on mis la feuille de papier sur laquelle vous avez écrit votre nom et votre adresse? 4. Quelqu'un l'a laissée dans la petite chambre où vous avez mis votre malle. 5. Où est la maison dont vous avez parlé ? 6. La voilà; n'en voyez-vous pas le toit? 7. Voici le couteau avec lequel j'ai coupé le pain. 8. Où sont les deux plumes avec lesquelles ils ont écrit leurs lettres? 9. Je ne les vois pas. 10. Le garçon dont j'ai emprunté la grammaire est le neveu de Monsieur B. 11. Où voit-on des animaux sauvages? 12. On en trouve beaucoup dans le jardin où nous irons demain. 13. La maison d'où elle est sortie est une des plus jolies de la ville. 14. La dame au fils de laquelle j'ai prêté mes livres français, est l'amie de ma mère. 15. Montrez-moi le tiroir où vous avez mis mes journaux et mes lettres.

For Oral Drill.-1. I see you; I see them. 2. Do you see me? Do you not see me? 3. Have you seen us? Have you seen them? 4. Shall you see him? Shall you not see her? 5. Had you seen her? Had she seen you? 6. Let us see them; let us not see them. 7. You will have seen them; you will not have seen them. 8. You used to see us; they used to see you. 9. Shall I see you? Shall we see them?

1. Where are the pens with which you wrote your letters? 2. The table upon which you will see your letters and newspapers is in the little room near your own. 3. Show us the books of which you spoke to my sister. 4. When I was in New York, I used often to see the man of whom you are speaking. 5. Did you know that he was here? 6. The ladies whom we saw from time to time are also here this afternoon. 7. Do you see them now? 8. I do not see them, but they were here five minutes ago. 9. Tell me, please, the

name of the city in which they live. 10. Shall I see you at my house next Saturday? 11. No, Miss Barthet; but a week from Sunday you will see me at church. 12. Of what church are you speaking? 13. I am speaking of the one the roof of which we see from this window. 14. Shall we see the prize for which you have sacrificed so much time? 15. When you go to the country next summer, you will see the large white house in which I was born and where I lived when I was young. 16. You will also see the old barn in which the boys used to play. 17. It was there that we used to spend most of the time. 18. Do you know where we live now? 19. I know in what street, but I do not know in what house. 20. Where did you put my souvenirs? 21. I put them into the trunk. 22. Into what trunk? 23. Into the one on which you have put your address. 24. We arrived at the moment when he was finishing his work.

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Ce qui, ce que.

(1) When the pronoun what means that which, it is expressed by ce qui, if what is the subject; by ce que, if it is the object.

Donnez-moi ce que vous avez, give me what you have.

Ce qui est vrai est bon, what is true is good.

Dites-moi ce que c'est, tell me what it is.

Ce qui m'amuse, c'est ce tableau, what amuses me is this picture.

Ce qui m'amuse, c'est ce qu'il a dit, what amuses me is what he has said. Celui qui est arrivé, (c') est mon père, he who has come is my father.

Notice that in some of these examples ce is used to repeat the preceding subject. This is the usual construction when the subject is a clause, especially if without the ce the meaning of the spoken sentence would not be clear.

Tout ce qui, tout ce que.

(2) Everything that or all that (sing.) is expressed by tout ce qui, if that is the subject; by tout ce que, if that is the object.

Donnez-moi tout ce qui est sur la table, give me everything that is on the table.

Donnez-moi tout ce que vous avez, give me all you have.

Quoi.

(3) Quoi, what, may be either a relative pronoun or an interrogative. It never refers to persons and is generally used with a preposition. It is also used alone.

De quoi parlez-vous, of what are you speaking?
Voilà de quoi je parle, that is what I am speaking of.
Quoi! il est parti? What! he has gone?

Il n'a pas de quoi payer, he hasn't anything to pay with.

Il n'y a pas de quoi (parler), (there isn't anything worth mentioning, don't mention it, you are welcome.1

Notice also the expression un je ne sais quoi, a certain indefinable something.

Qu'est-ce qui.

(4) We have seen that the nominative case of the interrogative pronoun who is qui. The nominative of the interrogative what is qu'est-ce qui.

Qui est arrivé, who has arrived?

Qu'est-ce qui est arrivé, what has happened?

Que.

(5) Que, either relative or interrogative, is used only as the direct object of a verb.

Que dites-vous, what do you say ?

Qu'est-ce qu'il a fait, what did he do?

1 In reply to thanks, You are welcome is expressed by Il n'y a pas de quoi or Ce n'est pas la peine.