C'est tout; de tous côtés. Tout m'effraie. That is all; on all sides. a. Tout is often adverb= 'quite,' 'wholly,' 'very,' 'very much,' etc., and agrees like an adjective, when immediately preceding a feminine adjective with initial consonant or h aspirate, but is elsewhere invariable: Elles étaient toutes pâles et tout They were quite pale and very much agitées. excited. But Ils étaient tout pâles et tout agités, etc. NOTE. So also, in the compound tout-puissant, e.g., 'Elle est toute-puissante.' b. Observe the following idiomatic expressions: Tout le monde (cf. le monde entier). Tous les mois; pas du tout. Tous les deux jours. Tous (les*) deux or les deux. Tout à l'heure. Everybody (cf. the whole world). Both. Presently (or a little ago). Tout beau; tout doux. (Pour) tout de bon. Gently (slowly); softly. Seriously. *Tous deux (trois, etc.)-without 'les'-usually denotes 'simultaneousness' (='both together,' etc.); les is obligatory above ten, and usual from five to ten. c. For the distinction between tout and chaque see §404, 2, a; for tout... que = 'however,' see §404, 5, b, note. 7. Un is used either alone or as correlative to autre : (1) Un, as adjective, certain'; un, as pronoun, La maison est d'un côté. Une des dames l'a dit. Voici un crayon.-J'en ai un. Les uns sont de cet avis, les autres n'en sont pas. The house is on one side. Here is a pencil.—I have one. a. Un as a pronoun is often preceded by 1', especially with a de clause : L'un des consuls est arrivé. One of the consuls has come. (2) L'un l'autre, so also the feminine and plural, are combined into various correlative phrases, as follows: l'un l'autre 'each other,' 'one another'; pl. ditto. l'un et l'autre = 'both'; pl., 'both,' 'all.' l'un ou l'autre='either'; pl., ditto. ni l'un ni l'autre (. . . ne)='neither'; pl., ‘neither,' 'none.' Elles se flattent l'une l'autre. Ils parlent les uns des autres. L'une et l'autre occasion. Les uns et les autres parlent. Dites ceci aux uns et aux autres. Je prends l'un(e) ou l'autre. Parle à l'une ou à l'autre. They flatter each other. They speak of one another. For one another. Both occasions. Both (all of them) speak. Say this to both (all). I take either. Speak to either. Ni les un(e)s ni les autres ne sont Neither (none of them) are for Obs. For the use of the subjunctive, see § 270, 4: b. Qui que and quoi que are also used with ce before soit : Qui que ce soit qui le dise. Quoi que ce soit qu'il dise. Whosoever says it. Whatsoever he says. peu, little. alors, then. assez, enough, rather. aujourd'hui, to-day. auparavant, before. aussi, also, too, as. aussitôt, directly. autant, as much. autrefois, formerly. beaucoup, much. bien, well, very, much. bientôt, soon. cependant, however. certes, indeed. combien(?),how much(?). comme, as, like. comment (?), how (?). davantage, more. dedans, inside. dehors, outside. ensuite, then. environ, about. exprès, on purpose. fort, very. hier, yesterday. ici, here. jadis, formerly. jamais, ever, never. là, there. loin, far(off), a long way. longtemps, (a) long pourquoi (?), why (?). pourtant, however. près, near (by). presque, almost. proche, near (by). puis, then, thereupon. quand (?), when(?). que!, how (!) quelquefois, sometimes. si, so; yes. souvent, often. surtout, especially. tant, so much. tantôt, soon, recently. tard, late. tôt, soon. toujours, always, still. déjà, already. demain, to-morrow. derrière, behind. désormais, henceforth. dessous, under. dessus, above. devant, before. 409. Adverbs from Adjectives. Most adjectives become adverbs by the addition of -ment to the feminine singular a. Adjectives ending in a vowel, other than -e, drop the -e of the feminine on adding -ment : NOTE.-The omitted e is denoted by a circumflex accent in assidûment, continûment, crûment, (in)dûment, gaiment (better 'gaiement'), nûment. b. The following adjectives in -e change e to é on adding -ment: c. The following adjectives change the added -e of the feminine to é: d. Adjectives in -ant, -ent (except lent, présent, véhément) assimilate -nt to m and add -ment to the masculine form: But: Lentement, slowly; présentement, presently; véhémentement, vehemently. e. Gentil gives gentiment, nicely; the adverb to bref is brièvement (from a parallel form), briefly; the adverb to impuni is impunément (probably from L. impune, cf. b, above), with impunity. ƒ. The adverbs corresponding to bon, good, and mauvais, bad, are bien, well, and mal, badly. From bon comes regularly bonnement= 'simply.' |