down in the water, which way the sportsman pleased, or a piece of old canvas shaped like a horse grazing, stuffed, painted brown, and fixed to a staff, with a sharp iron at one end to stick in the ground; when the fowl became familiar with the horse, the sportsmen varied the device by using a stalking ox or cow, and stalking stags or deer, especially for fenny grounds, and even trees, shrubs, and bushes, all of painted

canvas.

BULLS AND BEARS.

A "bull" is one who buys stock, whether investor or speculator; a "bear" is one who sells it. If any one buys a lot of stock as an investment he "bulls" the market, and the price is likely to rise, because his investment has removed so much stock from the market, and the remainder is by so much the scarcer; while, if he sells, either for speculation or realization, he "bears" the market, which is likely to go down in consequence of the stock he has thrown on it making the supply more plentiful. The slang word "bear" is generally supposed to be derived from the old story of the man who sold the skin of the bear before he had killed the four-footed wearer.-City Press.

YORKSHIRE BITE.

The misapplication of the original meaning of this term is very general. We always use it to convey a

feeling of mistrust; or, a fear of coming in contact with one more adept in cunning than ourselves. It is true, Yorkshiremen are keen dealers; this, however, is no detraction; on the contrary, it is an evidence of industrious habits. The hospitality for which they are so famous gave rise to the term Yorkshire bite. It is said that the fatted calf and flowing bowl greet the stranger at every step, and after the common salutation, the question "Will you bite?" or "Will you sup?" is sure to follow; and from this originated a term, used as a sarcasm, but which, in point of fact, derived as it is, ought to be used as a compliment.

JOURNEYMAN.

There is a general law or custom in Germany, that apprentices, after the expiration of their service, shall travel two years before prosecuting their trade as master-workmen. Hence the etymology of journey

man.

VILLAIN.

The epithet villain, now a term of great reproach, is derived from will, or lordship; and which signified one who was a servant during life, and devisable as chattels in the feudal times. In 1572, Queen Elizabeth ordered her bondmen to be set free at very easy rates.

VICAR OF BRAY!

Bray is a village in Berkshire. The vivacious vicar hereof, says Fuller, living under Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth, was first a Papist, then a Protestant, then a Papist, then a Protestant again. He had seen some martyrs burnt (two miles off) at Windsor, and found this fire too hot for his tender temper. This vicar being taxed by one for being a turncoat and inconstant changeling—“ Not so," said he, "for I always kept my principle, which is this, to live and die the Vicar of Bray."

BUGG-A-BO!

Bugg-a-bo, or Buggan-bo, was originally no more than mothers frightening their children with the "bullbo," which the little one, not rightly pronouncing, called Bugg-a-bo. It is properly bogle-bo,-bogle signifying a malevolent spirit; the Shropshire term, buggan-bo, meaning the same thing. If a horse takes fright, they say, he spies a buggan !

COWARD.

A feudal expression, implying cow-herd, for which office a man void of courage was deemed only fit for.

WHIGS AND TORIES.

In the year 1680 two parties were formed, called the Addressers and Abhorrers; out of which arose the after-party appellations of Whigs and Tories. The Whigs were directed by the Earl of Shaftesbury, and the Tories by Sir Roger L'Estrange and others. Another writer gives the following derivation :-"Whig and Tory, the epoch of 1680. The first was a name of reproach, given by the court party to their antagonists, for resembling the principles of the Whigs, or fanatical conventiclers in Scotland; and the other was given by the country party to that of the court, comparing them to the Tories, or Popish robbers in Ireland. They formerly were called Whigs from Whiggamores, a name given to the Scots in the South-west, who for want of corn in that quarter, used annually to repair to Leith, to buy stores that came from the North, and all that drove were called Whiggamors or Whiggs, from the term Whiggam, which they used in driving their horses. In the year 1638, the Presbyterian ministers incited an insurrection against the court, and marched with the people to Edinburgh; this was called 'the Whiggamors' Inroad,' and after this all who opposed administration were called Whigs; hence the term was adopted in England." Malone says, that the term Tory is derived from an Irish word torce, give me (your money). The character of the Tories is thus noticed by

Glanville, in one of his sermons, long before the political distinction existed. "Let such men quit all pretences to civility and breeding: they are ruder than Toryes and wild Americans."

Tory hunting was almost viewed in the light of a pastime. An old rhyme, in allusion to this sport, is still orally current in the south of Ireland, and a decided favourite in the nursery collection :

"Ho! Master Teague, what is your story?
I went to the wood, and I kill'd a Tory:
I went to the wood, and I kill'd another,
Was it the same, or was it his brother?

"I hunted him in, and I hunted him out,
Three times through the bog, about and about;
When out of a bush I saw his head,

So I fired my gun, and I shot him dead."

The late Sir Robert Peel discarded the use of the old term "Tory," and adopted that of "Conservative," as a more true representation of the politics of his party.

CAMARILL.

The party thus termed in Spain, take their name from a small room in the king's apartments, formerly destined as a sitting-room for the attendants of the second class, whose office was to answer the king's bell. The pleasure which Ferdinand, even from his