ponere maluerunt, quam id tenere punctum temporis | preposition; as, Defessus sum ambulando. A discendo contra religionem. Cic. Imperavit triennio, et decem facile deterretur. Cæsar dando, sublevando, ignosmensibus. Suet. Sometimes with a preposition; as cendo, gloriam adeptus est. In apparando consumunt Ferè in diebus paucis, quibus hæc acta sunt. Ter. diem. Rarely with a genitive; as, Temporis angusti mansit concordia discors. Lucan.

Sometimes a noun adjective or substantive governs an infinitive: as Audax omnia perpeti. Dignus amari. Sometimes an accusative of the thing is found after Consilium ceperunt ex oppido profugere. Cæs. Minari a passive: as Coronari Olympia. Hor. Epist. 1. Cy-divisoribus ratio non erat. Cic. Verr. 1. clopa movetur. Hor. for saltat or egit. Purgor bilem. Id.

Abeundum est mihi. Venus orta mari. Exosus bella. Virg. Exosus diis. Gell. Arma perosus. Ovid. But Pertæsus hath an accusative otherwise than the verb; as Pertœsus ignaviam. Semet ipse pertæsus. Suet. To these add participial adjectives ending in bilis of the passive signification, and requiring like case after them; as Nulli penetrabilis astro lucus erat.

Participles changed into adjectives have their construction by the rules of adjectives, as Appetens vini. Fugitans litum. Fidens animi.

An Ablative put absolute.

Two Nouns together, or a noun and pronoun with a participle expressed or understood, put absolutely, that is to say, neither governing nor governed of a verb, shall be put in the ablative; as Authore senatu bellum geritur. Me duce vinces. Cæsare veniente hostes fugerunt. Sublato clamore prælium committitur.

Construction of Adverbs.

EN and ecce will have a nominative, or an accusative, and sometimes with a dative; En Priamus. Ecce tibi status noster. En habitum. Ecce autem alterum.

Adverbs of quantity, time, and place require a genitive; as Satis loquentiæ, sapientiæ parum satis. Also compounded with a verb; as Is rerum suarum satagit. Tunc temporis ubique gentium. Eo impudentiæ processit. Quoad ejus fieri poterit.

To these add Ergo signifying the cause; as Illius ergo. Virg. Virtutis ergo. Fugæ atque formidinis ergo non abiturus. Liv.

as Quasi non norimus nos inter nos. Tanquam feceris ipse aliquid.

Ne of forbidding, to an imperative or subjunctive; as Ne sævi. Ne metuas.

Certain adverbs of quantity, quality, or cause; as Quam, quoties, cur, quare, &c. Thence also qui, quis, quantus, qualis, and the like, coming into a sentence after the principal verb, govern the verb following in a subjunctive; as Videte quàm valdè malitiæ suæ confidat. Cic. Quid est cur tu in isto loco sedeas? Cic. pro Cluent. Subsideo mihi diligentiam comparavi, quæ quanta sit intelligi non potest, nisi, &c. Cic. pro Quint. Nam quid hoc iniquius dici potest. Quam me qui caput alterius fortunasque defendam, priore loco discere. Ibid. Nullum est officium tam sanctum atque solenne, quod non avaritia violare soleat. Ibid. Non me fallit, si consulamini quid sitis responsuri. Ibid. Dici vix potest quam multa sint quæ respondeatis ante fieri oportere. Ibid. Docui quo die hunc sibi promisisse dicat, eo die ne Romæ quidem eum fuisse. Ibid. Conturbatus discedit neque mirum cui hæc optio tam misera daretur. Ibid. Narrat quo in loco viderit Quintium. Ibid. Recte majores eum qui socium fefellisset in virorum bonorum numero non putarunt haberi oportere. Cic. pro Rosc. Am. Quæ concursatio percontantium quid prætor edixisset, ubi cœnaret, quid enuntiasset. Cic. Agrar. 1.

Of Conjunctions.

CONJUNCTIONS Copulative and disjunctive, and these four, Quam, nisi, præterquam, an, couple like cases; Others will have such cases as the nouns from whence as Socrates docuit Xenophontem et Platonem. Aut they come; as Minime gentium. Optime omnium. dies est, aut nox. Nescio albus an ater sit. Est minor Venit obviam illi. Canit similiter huic. Albanum, natu quàm tu. Nemini placet præterquam sibi. sive Falernum te magis oppositis delectat. Hor. Except when some particular construction requireth Adverbs are joined in a sentence to several moods of otherwise; as Studui Romæ et Athenis. Emi fundum verbs. centum nummis et pluris. Accusas furti, an stupri, an utroque?

Of time. Ubi, postquam, cum or quum, to an indicative or subjunctive; as Hæc ubi dicta dedit. Ubi nos laverimus. Postquam excessit ex ephebis. Cum faciam vitula. Virg. Cum canerem reges. Id.

Donec while, to an indicative. Donec eris fælix. Donec until, to an indicative or subjunctive; Cogere donec oves jussit. Virg. Donec ea aqua decocta sit. Colum.

Dum while, to an indicative. Dum apparatur virgo. Dum until, to an indicative or subjunctive; as Dum redeo. Tertia dum Latio regnantem viderit æstas. Dum for dummodo so as, or so that, to a subjunctive; Dum prosim tibi.

Quoad while, to an indicative. Quoad expectas contubernalem. Quoad until, to a subjunctive. Omnia integra servabo, quoad exercitus huc mittatur.

Simulac, simulatque to an indicative or subjunctive; as Simulac belli patiens erat, simulatque adoleverit

ætas.

Ut as, to the same moods. Ut salutabis, ita resalutaberis. Ut sementem feceris, ita et metos. Hor. Ut so soon as, to an indicative only as Ut ventum est in urbem.

Quasi, tanquam, perinde, ac si, to a subjunctive only;

They also couple for the most part like moods and tenses, as Recto stat corpore, despicitque terras. But not always like tenses; as Nisi me lactasses, et vanâ spe produceres. Et habetur, et referetur tibi a me gratia.

Of other conjunctions, some govern an indicative, some a subjunctive, according to their several significations.

Etsi, tametsi, etiamsi, quanquam, an indicative; quamvis and licet, most commonly a subjunctive; as Etsi nihil novi afferebatur. Quanquam animus meminisse horret. Quamvis Elysios miretur Græcia campos. Ipse licet venias.

Ni, nisi, si, siquidem, quod, quia, postquam, posteaquam, antequam, priusquam, an indicative or subjunctive; as Nisi vi mavis eripi. Ni faciat. Castigo te, non quòd odeo habeam, sed quòd amem. Antequam dicam. Si for quamvis, a subjunctive only. Redeam? Non si me obsecret.

Si also conditional may sometimes govern both verbs of the sentence in a subjunctive; as Respiraro si te videro. Cic. ad Attic.

Quando, quandoquidem, quoniam, an indicative; as

An ablative these, A, ab, abs, absque, cum, coram, de, e, ex, pro, præ, palàm, sine, tenus, which last is also put after his case, being most usually a genitive, if it be plural; as Capulo tenus. Aurium tenus. These, both cases, In, sub, super, subter, clam, pro- formose puer. cul.

In, signifying to, towards, into, or against, requires an accusative; as Pisces emptos obolo in cœnam seui. Animus in Teucros benignus. Versa est in cineres Troja. In te committere tantum quid Troes potuere? Lastly, when it signifies future time, or for; as Bellum in trigesimum diem indixerunt. Designati consules in

THE HISTORY OF BRITAIN,

THAT PART ESPECIALLY, NOW CALLED ENGLAND;

FROM THE FIRST TRADITIONAL BEGINNING, CONTINUED TO THE NORMAN CONQUEST.

COLLECTED OUT OF THE ANCIENTEST AND BEST AUTHORS THEREOF.

[PUBLISHED FROM A COPY CORRECTED BY THE AUTHOR HIMSELF, 1670.]

THE FIRST BOOK.

reason we may infer. After the flood, and the dispers- | Incredible it may seem so sluggish a conceit should ing of nations, as they journeyed leisurely from the prove so ancient, as to be authorized by the elder Nineast, Gomer the eldest son of Japhet, and his offspring, nius, reputed to have lived above a thousand years ago. as by authorities, arguments, and affinity of divers This I find not in him: but that Histion, sprung of names is generally believed, were the first that peopled Japhet, had four sons; Francus, Romanus, Alemannus, all these west and northern climes. But they of our and Britto, of whom the Britains;* as true, I believe, own writers, who thought they had done nothing, un- as that those other nations, whose names are resembled, less with all circumstance they tell us when, and who came of the other three; if these dreams give not just first set foot upon this island, presume to name out of occasion to call in doubt the book itself, which bears fabulous and counterfeit authors a certain Samothes or that title. Dis, a fourth or sixth son of Japhet, (who they make, about 200 years after the flood, to have planted with colonies, first the continent of Celtica or Gaul, and next this island; thence to have named it Samothea,) to have reigned here, and after him lineally four kings, Magus, Saron, Druis, and Bardus. But the forged Berosus, whom only they have to cite, no where mentions that either he, or any of those whom they bring, did ever pass into Britain, or send their people hither. So that this outlandish figment may easily excuse our not allowing it the room here so much as of a British fable.

That which follows, perhaps as wide from truth, though seeming less impertinent, is, that these Samotheans under the reign of Bardus were subdued by Albion, a giant, son of Neptune; who called the island after his own name, and ruled it 44 years. Till at length passing over into Gaul, in aid of his brother Lestrygon, against whom Hercules was hasting out of Spain into Italy, he was there slain in fight, and Bergion also his brother.

Sure enough we are, that Britain hath been anciently termed Albion, both by the Greeks and Romans. And Mela, the geographer, makes mention of a stony shore in Languedoc, where by report such a battle was fought. | The rest, as his giving name to the isle, or even landing here, depends altogether upon late surmises. But too absurd, and too unconscionably gross is that fond invention, that wafted hither the fifty daughters of a strange Dioclesin king of Syria; brought in, doubtless, by some illiterate pretender to something mistaken in the common poetical story of Danaus king of Argos, while his vanity, not pleased with the obscure beginning which truest antiquity affords the nation, laboured to contrive us a pedigree, as he thought, more noble. These daughters by appointment of Danaus on the marriage-night having murdered all their husbands, except Linceus, whom his wife's loyalty saved, were by him, at the suit of his wife their sister, not put to death, but turned out to sea in a ship unmanned; of which whole sex they had incurred the hate and as the tale goes, were driven on this island. Where the inhabitants, none but devils, as some write, or as others, a lawless crew left here by Albion, without head or governor, both entertained them, and had issue by them a second breed of giants, who tyrannized the isle, till Brutus came.

The eldest of these dames in their legend they call Albina; and from thence, for which cause the whole scene was framed, will have the name Albion derived.

Hollinshed.

Hitherto the things themselves have given us a warrantable dispatch to run them soon over. But now of Brutus and his line, with the whole progeny of kings, to the entrance of Julius Cæsar, we cannot so easily be discharged; descents of ancestry, long continued, laws and exploits not plainly seeming to be borrowed, or devised, which on the common belief have wrought no small impression; defended by many, denied utterly by few. For what though Brutus and the whole Trojan pretence were yielded up; (seeing they who first devised to bring us from some noble ancestor, were content at first with Brutus the consul; till better invention, although not willing to forego the name, taught them to remove it higher into a more fabulous age, and by the same remove lighting on the Trojan tales in affectation to make the Britain of one original with the Roman, pitched there ;) yet those old and inborn names of successive kings, never any to have been real persons, or done in their lives at least some part of what so long hath been remembered, cannot be thought without too strict an incredulity.

For these, and those causes above mentioned, that which hath received approbation from so many, I have chosen not to omit. Certain or uncertain, be that upon the credit of those whom I must follow; so far as keeps aloof from impossible and absurd, attested by ancient writers from books more ancient, I refuse not, as the due and proper subject of story. The principal author is well known to be Geoffrey of Monmouth; what he was, and whence his authority, who in his age, or before him, have delivered the same matter, and such like general discourses, will better stand in a treatise by themselves. All of them agree in this, that Brutus was the son of Silvius; he of Ascanius; whose father was Eneas a Trojan prince, who at the burning of that city, with his son Ascanius, and a collected number that escaped, after long wandering on the sea, arrived in Italy. Where at length by the assistance of Latinus king of Latiam, who had given him his daughter Lavinia, he obtained to succeed in that kingdom, and left it to Ascanius, whose son Silvius (though Roman histories deny Silvius to be the son of Ascanius) had married secretly a niece of Lavinia.

She being with child, the matter became known to Ascanius. Who commanding his "magicians to inquire by art, what sex the maid had conceived," had answer, "that it was one who should be the death of both his parents; and banished for the fact, should after all, in a far country, attain the highest honour." The prediction failed not, for in travail the mother died. And + Henry of Huntingdon, Matthew of Westminster.