that station. From 1860 onwards, he made various contributions to the Christian literature of China. In 1885 Dr. John published a version of the New Testament in the Wen-li dialect of China. In 1888 he was elected Chairman of the Congregational Union of England and Wales for the ensuing year; but in view of important work claiming his attention at Hankow, he felt it necessary to decline the honour. In 1889 the degree of D.D. was conferred upon him by the University of Edinburgh. In 1910 he published a work entitled A Voice from China.

What has Wales done for America? It is not necessary to dwell upon the spurious claims made on behalf of Madoc ab Owain Gwynedd as the first discoverer of that continent. Wales has laid America under solid obligations to her, for she has added to the cerebral power of the nation. She has added to the national activity, to national industry, national wealth, and national intelligence. The Welsh have, since the early days of the Commonwealth, sown germs in the soil and distributed the inherent qualities of the Welsh character, their love of freedom, gift of song, healthy habits of conviviality, political insight, and the play of their imagination.

Roger Williams, the founder of the State of Rhode Island, and one of the early apostles of toleration, was of a Carmarthenshire family. He was born in 1599, probably in London, though the evidence is not conclusive. He attracted the attention of Sir Edward Coke by his shorthand notes of sermons and of speeches in the Star Chamber. He emigrated to America in 1631, and founded the first Baptist Church in the new city of Providence, in the State which he founded. He engaged the mind of Milton, who spoke of him as a noble confessor of religious liberty.

Among those who signed the Declaration of Independence there was one Welshman-Francis Lewis, who was born at Llandaff, Glamorganshire, 1713. There were seventeen who may be said to have been of Welsh extraction, or to be connected, by ties of marriage, with Welsh families: Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Harrison, Samuel Adams, John Adams, Stephen Hopkins, William Williams, William Floyd, Lewis

Morris, George Hancock, Francis Hopkinson, George Clymer, John Morton, John Penn, Arthur Middleton, Richard Henry Lee, Francis Henry Lightfoot Lee, Button Gwinneth.

There have been six Presidents of the United States who, on good historical grounds, are said to have been of Welsh descent: Thomas Jefferson, William Henry Harrison, Benjamin Harrison, James Madison, John Adams, John Quincy Adams.

John T. Morgan, born 1824, an old-time Southern Democrat, who was an American Senator of power and distinction, and who represented Alabama for thirty years, publicly avowed that he was of Welsh nationality.

John Francis, born 1823, at Prattsburg, Stuben County, New York, was the son of Richard Francis, of Llys-y-fran, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire. He served for a term of three years as Minister to Greece, in the administration of General Grant. He was Minister to Portugal under President Arthur; in 1882 he was made Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Austro-Hungary.

One of the two men who founded the New York Times was a Welshman, in the person of George Jones, the son of John Jones, of Llanwyddelan, Montgomeryshire. He was also its editor.

The author of the invention known as the "Jones Mixer," and the supreme developer of the American steel-making industry, was William R. Jones, born 1839. The vice-president of the Steel Trust said that Jones accomplished fully as much as Mushet, or Sir Henry Bessemer.

One of the pioneers in the development of the iron industries of Southern Ohio, and the founder of the Jefferson Iron Furnace Company, was John D. Davies, born 1822 in the Aeron Valley, South Wales.

Benjamin William Chidlaw, a social reformer, was one of the most useful Welshmen that ever took part in the public life of America. He founded thousands of Sunday Schools, both in the West and in the Central States. His Notes of a Journey from Ohio to Wales, and a History of the Welsh Institutions in America, etc., prove that he was of Welsh parentage.

Jonathan Edwards, author of The Freedom of the Will, was of Welsh extraction; and Justin Edwards, one of the founders

of the "Boston Tract Society," and for six years President of Andover Seminary, was born of Welsh parents; so was Dr. William Charles Roberts, of Lake Forest University, and Dr. Llewelyn Ioan Evans, Professor of New Testament Greek and Exegesis at Cincinnati, one of the most scholarly men in the American pulpit.

All over America, North, South, East, and West, there have been Welshmen who have laboured for the spread of virtue and morality, freedom of commerce, the local rights of the States, the dignity and power of the National Sovereignty. At every point of America's vitality, in legislation, industry, education, and religion, they have been among the most desirable of citizens, adding strength to the Republic, and enlarging the usefulness of its laws and institutions.

Not only in America, but also in Australia, do we find traces of Welshmen who have distinguished themselves by their gifts of preaching and administration.

Their

As a fitting end to this rather lengthy reference to the service of Wales and Welshmen to the world at large, I quote the words of Sir James Mackintosh: "It was not till the reigns of the Tudors, 'Britannia's issue,' that wise attempts were made to humanise the Welsh by equal laws. language withheld many of them from contributing to English literature; and yet their small numbers, their constant disorder, and their multiplied links of dependence, repressed a genius which might otherwise assume a national form. If considered, as they now should be, as a part of the people of England, their contributions have been by no means inadequate to reasonable expectations. But the mental produce of a nation has been inconsistently expected from a people robbed of national character, and who are only now reappearing on a footing of legal and moral equality with all other Englishmen."

INDEX

ABERDARE, LORD, 316, 338, 383, 394, | Bell, Sir C., 111, 112.

Carlyle, T., 70, 101, 106, 107, 133, 162, Cunningham, 81.