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Otherwise, by Messrs. Butterworth and Kay. ANALYSIS. Suppose the thing done. and that ACB is the triangle required; then, by the question, the ratio of (AC+BC) to the area of the triangle ACB is given, but the angle ACB being given, the ratio of (AC+BC)2 A B2 to the area of the given triangle is given also; (Eu. Data, 76,) therefore, the ratio of (AC+CB) to (AC+BC)2 — A B2 is given, and, by division, the ratio of AB2: (AC+BC) is given; but A B is given, therefore (A C+BC) is given, consequently the area is given: hence we have the base, vertical angle, and the area to construct the plane triangle, which is a well-known problem.

Other answers were sent by Messrs. Eyres, Gawthorp, Macann, esbit, Rylando, and Whitley.

15. Qu. (89) Answered by Messrs. Hine, Maffett,
Rylanda, and Winward.

ANALYSIS. Imagine it done, x and that the point C is found; take BP an nth part of the given line, join PC, also draw CD perp. to A B, and A x parallel to CD, meeting PC produced in x; then,n. DB-m.DC=nPB =

n.DB-n. DP, and by equal additions and subtractions, n.DP m.DC, orm:n:: DP: DC; and by parallel lines PD: DC:: PA: Ax; therefore m:n:: PA: Ar is a given ratio, and PA is given, therefore Ar is given, and x is a given point; hence this construction-Take BP an nth part of the given line, and draw A x perp. to A B, take Ar a fourth proportional to m, n, and PA, join a P, which will cut AC in C, the point required; the truth of which is evident from the Analysis,

Again, by Mr. S. Jones, Richmond Academy, Liverpool. CONSTRUCTION. Take HBan

nth part of the given line, and draw BI at right angles to A B, and such that I B: HB::n: m, join I, H, which produce to meet A Cin C, the point required.

DEMONSTRATION. Drop the per

D

H

pendicular C D, then the triangles HBI, H'DC are similar, and CD:HD::IB:HB::n: m, by construction; therefore, m. CD=n. HDn. D'B-n.HB, add n. HB- -m. DC to both sides, and n. DB-m.DC n.HB= the given line by the construction. 2. E.D. And in the same manner it was answered by Messrs. Butterworth, Eyres, Gawthorp, Kay, Nesbit, and Whitley. 16. Qu. (90) Answered by Rylando.

COMPOSITION. Let AD be

the given right line, and A,
B, C, D, the given points in
it; make the angles BAF,
BCF, each equal to half the
given vertical angle, and
through the points A, F, C, A
describe a circle; through B
draw FE, to meet the circle

F

B

in E, join AE, CE, and AEC will be the triangle required.

DEMONSTRATION. For the 4 ACF4AEF= 2CAF=2CEF, being in equal segments of the same circle; therefore, E F bisects the AEC, and passes through the point B; also, by construction, the sides AE, CE, and A C, pass through the points A, C, and D, respectively. 2. E. D.

Almost exactly in the same manner were the answers given by Messrs. Butterworth, Gawthorp, Jones, Kay, and Whitley. And other elegant answers were sent by Messrs. Eyres, Hine, Maffett, Nesbit, and Winward.

17. Qu. (91) Answered by Messrs. Eyres, Hine, Maffett, and Winward.

ANALYSIS. Suppose it done, and DR drawn as required through the given point P; join KP, SP, and produce KP to A, making KP. PA= the given space, that is KP. PADP.PR, or K P:

D

K

PD:: PA: PR; and since the 4 KPD & R PA, the triangles KP D, PA R, are similar, and ▲ PRA≈ 2PDK= a given 4, and PA is a given line; hence, the locus of R is a given circle, but PS is a given line, and PRS a given 2, therefore the locus of R is also a given circle; the intersection of these loci, determines the point R, through which the required line may be drawn as required. Ergo Solutum.

The same answered by Messrs. Butterworth, Kay, Rylando, and Whitley.

COMPOSITION. Let PKS, be the given points; join them, and upon PK, PS, describe seginents of circles to contain the given angles; in PS take the point L, so, that the rectangle PSX PL may be equal to the given rectangle PR x PD; P make the PLD= the given

PRS, and draw L D meeting

the circle in D; through D, draw

R

K

PDR, and the thing is done. For, as the 4 PL Dis equal to the PRS, by construction, the triangles PRS, PLD are similar, and PR: PL:: PS: PD, and consequently PRx PD=PLX PS the given rectangle.

It was answered also by Messrs. Eyres, Gawthorp, Jones, and Nesbit.

18. Qu. (92) Answered by Mr. A. Hirst, the Proposer. Let CA and ca be the radii of two wheels, Bb a common tangent, Ce a line joining their centres, i the intersection of Bb, Cc; then, when the teeth have the epicycloidal form, which is now well

known to be the best, they will always act upon each other in the common tangent Bb, and they evidently act with the greatest advantage at the point of intersec

tion i; but that they may move with the least friction, each tooth must move with equal velocities at i, in order to which, C i must have to ci, the direct ratio of their radii, their number of teeth, &c.

That is, because the triangles C Bi, cbi are similar, we have CBCA:cbca:: Ci: ci; whence it appears that the radii, or diameters of the wheels, excluding the length of the teeth, are directly as the number of teeth.

In order to apply the numbers given in the question, as an example, we have 60 feet 720 inches, and twice the depth of the working point is 2,6 inches, also 720 →→ 2,6—717,4; then, 1000:717,4 :: 100 : 71,74 :: 10: 7,174, consequently 71,742,674,34 inches, is the diameter of the greater wheel, and 7,174 +† 2,6 = 9,774 inches is the diameter of the less.

Note. When the great wheel is much larger than the small one into which it works, the teeth of the small wheel will come off to an edge, and, consequently, cannot work the full depth; in this case we must proportion the diameter of the large wheel to the depth at which it works, to the whole depth of the small wheel, as above.

A pair of wheels made according to the above method, under my direction, were lately put up by a friend of mine, and they are now working, the small one at the rate of 400 revolutions in a minute, and with the least noise of any I have ever yet heard.

It is well-known that the difficulty of pitching wheels increases with the difference of their diameters.

Other answers were sent by Mr. Gawthorp and Mr. Nesbit.-Rylando refers to art. 163, Marrat's Mechanics, for a true solution to this question, and observes that the original solution in the Gentleman's Diary for 1795, from whence that article was taken, was invented by the late Mr. John Banks, Lecturer in Natural Philosophy at Manchester; and that he, Rylando, had this information from Mr. Saul, the proposer of the question.

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As this is a question of great utility in practice, we trust our able correspondents will some of them give us their further opinions on this difficult subject.

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19. Qu. (93) Answered by Rylando.

ANALYSIS. Let ABC be the required triangle, CD the line dividing the base A B in the given ratio. Make DI: DC equal the given ratio, and join IB; then CI and the

angle CBI are given; also the ratio of CA: BI is given, and the locus of B is a given circle. Hence we have given the base, vertical angle, and sum or difference of one side, and a line to which the other side has a given ratio, to determine the triangle. Take BP:BI in the given ratio, and join I P; the CBI, and ratio BI: BP being given, the CPI will also be given, and the locus of P will be a given circle passing through C, I, to contain the ▲ CPI: and since BP is the line to which BI has the given ratio, the line CP will obviously be given, and of course the locus of P is likewise a circle to center C and given radius CP: the intersection of these two known circular loci determines P, and, consequently, the triangle ABC. The point P will fall on the same, or the contrary side of B, with regard to C, according as the second datum is the difference or the sum of BC, CA.

Again, by Mr. Whitley, Masbro'. Let A B C represent the triangle, required, and BG the given line dividing the base A C into the segments AG, GC having a given ratio. Through C draw EF parallel to BG, meeting A B in E, and AF a parallel to BC in F; A and let BG produced meet AF in H. Then by similar As, GC: AG:: GB: GH a given line, because GB and the ratio of GC

H

to A G are given. By parallel lines AG: AC::GH:

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